Vollständiges handbuch der mineralogie.

Bibliography: v. 1, p. 15-20.

Die anwendung des löthrohrs in der chemie und mineralogie.

Mode of access: Internet.

Élémens de mineralogie docimastique /

Errata: p. 276.

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie.

Mode of access: Internet.

Elemente der mineralogie

Mode of access: Internet.

Repertorium zum Neuen Jahrbuch und Zentralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie.

Mode of access: Internet.

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie.

Vol. for 1900 accompanied by "Festheft dem VIII. Internationalen Geologen Congress zu Paris gewidmet"; for 1907 accompanied by "Festband zur Feier des 100 jährigen Bestehens" (QE 1 .N495 1907).

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie un Paläontologie.

Mode of access: Internet.

Bedeutung und Stand der Mineralogie. Eine Abhandlung in der zur feier des allerhöchsten Namenfestes Seiner Majestät des Königs am 12 Oktober 1816 gehaltenen öffentlichen Versammlung der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München vorgelesen

Mode of access: Internet.

Chemie der Erde : Beiträge zur chemischen Mineralogie, Petrographie und Geologie

Mode of access: Internet.

The'cave' mineral oxammite: a high resolution thermogravimetry and Raman spectroscopic study

The thermal decomposition of natural ammonium oxalate known as oxammite has been studied using a combination of high resolution thermogravimetry coupled to an evolved gas mass spectrometer and Raman spectroscopy coupled to a thermal stage. Three mass loss steps were found at 57, 175 and 188°C attributed to dehydration, ammonia evolution and carbon dioxide evolution respectively. Raman spectroscopy shows two bands at 3235 and 3030 cm-1 attributed to the OH stretching vibrations and three bands at 2995, 2900 and 2879 cm-1, attributed to the NH vibrational modes. The thermal degradation of oxammite may be followed by the loss of intensity of these bands. No intensity remains in the OH stretching bands at 100°C and the NH stretching bands show no intensity at 200°C. Multiple CO symmetric stretching bands are observed at 1473, 1454, 1447 and 1431cm-1, suggesting that the mineral oxammite is composed of a mixture of chemicals including ammonium oxalate dihydrate, ammonium oxalate monohydrate and anhydrous ammonium oxalate.

Electronic and vibrational spectra of gaspeite

Visible, near-infrared, IR and Raman spectra of magnesian gaspeite are presented. Nickel ion is the main source of the electronic bands as it is the principal component in the mineral where as the bands in IR and Raman spectra are due to the vibrational processes in the carbonate ion as an entity. The combination of electronic absorption and vibrational spectra (including near-infrared, FTIR and Raman) of magnesian gaspeite are explained in terms of the cation co-ordination and the behaviour of CO32– anion in the Ni–Mg carbonate. The electronic absorption spectrum consists of three broad and intense bands at 8130, 13160 and 22730 cm–1 due to spin-allowed transitions and two weak bands at 20410 and 30300 cm–1 are assigned to spin-forbidden transitions of Ni2+ in an octahedral symmetry. The crystal field parameters evaluated from the observed bands are Dq = 810; B = 800 and C = 3200 cm–1. The two bands in the near-infrared spectrum at 4330 and 5130 cm–1 are overtone and combination of CO32– vibrational modes. For the carbonate group, infrared bands are observed at 1020 cm–1(1 ), 870 cm–1 (2), 1418 cm–1 (3) and 750 cm–1 (4), of which3, the asymmetric stretching mode is most intense. Three well resolved Raman bands at 1571, 1088 and 331 cm–1 are assigned to 3, 1 and MO stretching vibrations.