Presupuestos epistemol??gicos de la encuesta TALIS : ??qu?? espera la OCDE de los profesores?

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Bestsellers pornográficos: hábitos lectores, arquetipo literario y representación del cuerpo en la obra literaria de Hernán Hoyos

Esta tesis investiga la obra pornográfica del escritor colombiano Hernán Hoyos que, a grandes rasgos, se trata de una serie de crónicas, reportajes, novelas, testimonios y anecdotarios que versan sobre el acto sexual. Su obra literaria se inscribe en el espacio urbano de la ciudad de Cali, durante el periodo de 1962 a 1995. Debido a la prolijidad de sus personajes, de los referentes y los modos de vida que allí se recrean su obra resulta, entre otras razones, una lectura clave para la comprensión de la cultura popular de esa temporalidad. El primer capítulo está dedicado a reflexionar sobre la noción del arquetipo en, tal vez, el libro más reconocido del autor El Tumbalocas(1972). En este apartado se posibilita un análisis sobre el tipo de recreación que se hace del arquetipo del seductor sin descanso: ‘Don Juan’. De allí que se dé importancia a los valores, expectativas e imaginarios que circularon en la novela a través de este arquetipo literario. El segundo capítulo, por otro lado, parte de una reflexión sobre la vida cotidiana y un acercamiento a lo que hemos denominado ‘los espacios para el placer’ en la década de 1960. Esto con la finalidad de comprender no solo el contexto en el que se desenvuelven los libros pornográficos de Hoyos sino, también, para entender el clima de permisividad que comportó la sociedad caleña de la época. En este capítulo se hace una incursión al tipo de representación del cuerpo en la obra del escritor, de allí que, más adelante, se realice una lectura desde la noción del ‘carnaval’ propuesta por Mijail Bajtin. Por último, el tercer capítulo brinda un acercamiento a los avatares culturales de la ciudad de Cali, su tecnificación, los mass media y, en general, los nuevos ritmos que empezaron a cargar de significados y nuevas expectativas a la sociedad de la época. Como extensión de la cultura urbana predominante, se realiza una reflexión sobre los hábitos lectores que incitaron los libros pornográficos.

O debate ético e bioético na educação física

A Educação Física, ao assumir os princípios do cientificismo moderno, secundarizou ou simplesmente desconsiderou o debate ético. Ao não fazer esta discussão, a Educação Física, assim como outras áreas do conhecimento, viu-se envolta em uma série de conflitos morais e sociais, gerados inclusive pela sua própria prática investigativa. A saída encontrada foi, tardiamente, retomar a discussão ética, agora, com o objetivo de solucionar distorções que o próprio ato investigativo, baseado no cientificismo, acabaram gerando. No entanto, se o debate ético, em outras áreas do conhecimento, ressurge, não pela compreensão de sua importância, mas por uma imposição decorrente da atitude inconseqüente da própria prática científica, esta necessidade parece que ainda não foi sentida de forma efetiva na Educação Física. Em função disso, o objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar a importância do debate ético e bioético nas discussões e nas produções da Educação Física, sendo que, para atender a este objetivo, foi necessário examinar a presença deste debate nas atividades, tanto teóricas como práticas da Educação Física, bem como questionar a partir de que pressupostos e com que intuito este debate tem se estruturado. Assim, o propósito desta pesquisa é introduzir um pensar que tenha como enfoque o olhar da Educação Física sobre o tema da ética e da bioética, tendo como finalidade, chegar ao que Rubem Alves tanto clama, ou seja, “acreditar que a Educação Física está em paz com o corpo”, que não deseja vê-lo apenas como um meio para se chegar a um fim No contexto dos possíveis caminhos do debate ético e bioético e tendo como referência o aperfeiçoamento e o respeito à dignidade da vida, caberia à Educação Física e muito especialmente, a seus professores/profissionais deixarem um pouco de lado não só o monopólio do cientificismo e da lógica econômica, mas também a vinculação com crenças doutrinárias ou idealizações místicas. Deveria começar a pensar que além da produtividade, do rendimento e da racionalidade cognitivo-instrumental, existem valores ou princípios como a sensibilidade, o imaginário, a paixão, o afetivo e o lúdico, convergindo para propostas como a da ética da estética, que diferentemente da racionalidade científica e da moral da modernidade, concentra-se sobre as vivências e as experiências compartilhadas, o tátil e as emoções como critérios legítimos que ajudarão a definir como as pessoas devem agir.

Alginate-chitosan systems: In vitro controlled release of triamcinolone and in vivo gastrointestinal transit

The aim of this study was to develop multiparticulate therapeutic systems of alginate (AL) and chitosan (CS) containing triamcinolone (TC) to colonic drug delivery. Multiparticulate systems of AL-CS, prepared by a complex coacervation/ionotropic gelation method, were characterized for morphological and size aspects, swelling degree, encapsulation content and efficiency, in vitro release profile in different environments simulating the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and in vivo gastrointestinal transit. The systems showed suitable morphological characteristics with particle diameters of approximately 1.6 mm. In simulated gastric environment, at pH 1.2, the capsules presented low degree of swelling and in vitro release of drug. A higher swelling degree was observed in simulated enteric environment, pH 7.5, followed by erosion. Practically all the drug was released after 6 h of in vitro assay. The in vivo analysis of gastrointestinal transit, carried out in rats, showed that the systems passed practically intact through the stomach and did not show the same profile of swelling observed in the in vitro tests. It was possible to verify the presence of capsules in the colonic region of GIT. The results indicate that AL-CS multiparticulate systems can be used as an adjuvant for the preparation of therapeutic systems to colonic delivery of drugs. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Search for Mycobacterium leprae in wild mammals

Leprosy is still a worldwide public health problem. Brazil and India show the highest prevalence rates of the disease. Natural infection of armadillos Dasypus novemcinctus with Mycobacterium leprae has been reported in some regions of the United States. Identification of bacilli is difficult, particularly due to its inability to grow in vitro. The use of molecular tools represents a fast and sensitive alternative method for diagnosis of mycobacteriosis. In the present study, the diagnostic methods used were bacilloscopy, histopathology, microbiology, and PCR using specific primers for M. leprae repetitive sequences. PCR were performed using genomic DNA extracted from 138 samples of liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and skin of 44 D. novemcinctus, Euphractus sexcinctus, Cabassous unicinctus, and C. tatouay armadillos from the Middle Western region of the state of São Paulo and from the experimental station of Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Pantanal, located in Pantanal da Nhecolândia of Mato Grosso do Sul state. Also, the molecular analysis of 19 samples from internal organs of other road killed species of wild animals, such as Nasua nasua (ring-tailed coati), Procyon cancrivoros (hand-skinned), Cerdocyon thous (dog-pity-bush), Cavia aperea (restless cavy), Didelphis albiventris (skunk), Sphigurrus spinosus (hedgehog), and Gallictis vittata (ferret) showed PCR negative data. None of the 157 analyzed samples had shown natural mycobacterial infection. Only the armadillo inoculated with material collected from untreated multibacillary leprosy patient presented PCR positive and its genomic sequencing revealed 100% identity with M. leprae. According to these preliminary studies, based on the used methodology, it is possible to conclude that wild mammals seem not to play an important role in the epidemiology of leprosy in the Middle Western region of the São Paulo state and in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul state.

Sistemas para liberação colônica: Uma alternativa para a veiculação de fármacos para efeito local ou sistêmico

Problems related to the systemic administration of drugs, such as biodistribution, difficulty of targeting, necessity of high doses to achieve adequate levels of the drug in specific sites, toxicity, and undesirable side effects have lead to the development of systems able to direct the drug to specific sites in the body. Among the possible organs to the targeting of drugs, the colon can be used for local and systemic therapies. By developing such systems some models have been tested, using pH dependent release, release controlled by enzymatic degradation, time controlled release systems and pressure controlled release systems. This review presents an overview of the colonic release of drugs and the strategies used to achieve such targeting.

Polissacarídeos biodegradáveis úteis para a preparação de sistemas de liberação controlada de fármacos. Parte 1: Quitosana

Due to an increasing interest, a vast number of biodegradable polymers have been obtained recently. Polymers naturally produced, such as cellulose, starch, chitosan and alginate, represent biodegradable materials, with low toxicity and low cost. Among polysaccharides, chitosan has been of great interest of the industrial and academic research, due to its special qualities of biodegradability and biocompatibility and, on the other hand, to the versatility of its use in several physical forms and products. A significant growth in the development of new dosage forms capable to deliver the drug in a controlled and targeted way has been observed in these last years. Such pharmaceutical forms search, mainly, the reduction of the dose administered and of the administration frequency, the reduction of adverse side effects and, consequently, a better patient compliance. The present paper describes the use of chitosan in pharmaceutical products, especially in drug controlled delivery systems.

Studies on the formation of complex coacervates between chitosan and alginate during microparticles preparation

The formation of complex coacervates between chitosan and alginate was evaluated during microparticles formation. Mass ratio between polyelectrolytes and calcium chloride concentration were determinated by conductimetric analysis and by calcium ions quantification, respectively. Inert microparticles were prepared using a complex coacervation method in W/O emulsion and morphological analyses of microparticles were carried out. This method enabled the production of spherical particles, with slightly rough surface and narrow size distribution with maximal diameter of 10 μm.

Multiparticulate systems of pectin-chitosan: Study of swelling and drug release

The aim of this study was to prepare multiparticulate systems of pectin:chitosan (PC:CS) and to evaluate their swelling ratio and the drug release in different environments. PC:CS particles containing triamcinolone were prepared by a complex coacervation/ionotropic gelation method in aqueous environment. The polymer ratio, the calcium concentration and the contact time of the capsules with chitosan dispersion for particles formation and the structures obtained were analyzed. The systems were characterized in relation to morphology, size, swelling, and drug release behavior. The methodology used allowed the production of spherical particles with narrow range of size distribution. The entrapment efficiency for triamcinolone was 84.31 ± 439. It was observed that the particles present a relatively low swelling ratio in acidic medium and a larger swelling ratio in enteric medium. The release profile was dependent on pH and can be related with the swelling ratio.

Flavonoids with gastroprotective activity

Peptic ulcers are a common disorder of the entire gastrointestinal tract that occurs mainly in the stomach and the proximal duodenum. This disease is multifactorial and its treatment faces great difficulties due to the limited effectiveness and severe side effects of the currently available drugs. The use of natural products for the prevention and treatment of different pathologies is continuously expanding throughout the world. This is particularly true with regards to flavonoids, which represent a highly diverse class of secondary metabolites with potentially beneficial human health effects that is widely distributed in the plant kingdom and currently consumed in large amounts in the diet. They display several pharmacological properties in the gastroprotective area, acting as anti-secretory, cytoprotective and antioxidant agents. Besides their action as gastroprotectives, flavonoids also act in healing of gastric ulcers and additionally these polyphenolic compounds can be new alternatives for suppression or modulation of peptic ulcers associated with H. pylori. In this review, we have summarized the literature on ninety-five flavonoids with varying degrees of antiulcerogenic activity, confirming that flavonoids have a therapeutic potential for the more effective treatment of peptic ulcers.

A região cultural como categoria de análise da materialização da cultura no espaço Gaúcho

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Peptídeos cíclicos em espécies do semiárido brasileiro e uma cultivada: caracterização e atividade biológica

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Ribifolin, an orbitide from jatropha ribifolia, and its potential antimalarial activity

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)