Jac. Ahrenberg ja historian perintö : Restaurointisuunnitelmat Viipurin ja Turun linnoihin 1800-luvun lopussa

Jac. Ahrenberg and Patrimony Restoration Plans for Viipuri and Turku Castles at the End of the 19th Century This dissertation examines the unrealized restoration plans for two castles in the Grand Duchy of Finland one located at Viipuri (Vyborg, nowadays in Russia), the other at Turku (in Swedish, Åbo) during the last decades of the 19th century. Both castles were used as prisons, barracks and warehouses. From the middle of the 19th century on, their restoration and transformation into museums and "national monuments" were demanded in the newspapers. The prison reform in the 1860s stimulated the documentation and debate concerning their future, but it was only at the beginning of the 1880s when their restoration became an official state-run project. The undertaking was carried out by Johan Jacob (Jac.) Ahrenberg (1847 1914), architect of the National Board of Public Buildings. By combining written sources with drawings and photographs, this dissertation examines the restoration projects, the two castles' significance and the ways in which they were investigated by scholars. The plans are analyzed in connection with restoration practices in France and Sweden and in the context of contemporary discussions concerning national art and patrimony. The thesis argues that these former castles of the Swedish crown were used to manifest the western roots of Finnish law and order, the lineage of power and the capacity of the nation to defend itself. However, because of their symbolism, their restoration became a politically delicate question concerning the role of the Swedish heritage in Finland's nation-building process. According to Jac. Ahrenberg's plans, the two castles were to be restored to their assumed appearance at the time of the Vasa dynasty. Consequently, the structures would have resembled castles in Sweden. It is suggested that one aim of the restoration plans was to transform the two buildings into monuments testifying to the common history of Sweden and Finland. They were meant to consolidate the Swedish basis of Finnish culture and autonomy and thus to secure them against the threatening implications of Russian imperialism. It seems that along with the changing ideals of architectural restoration and the need for an original Finnish architectural heritage, the political connotations associated with the castles were one reason why Jac. Ahrenberg's restoration plans were never realized.

Mulheres nas obras de Jane Austen

Considerando-se o papel representado pela literatura diante da formação de novas subjetividades, esta pesquisa investigou os discursos acerca do feminino presentes em três romances de autoria feminina do século XIX Razão e sensibilidade, Orgulho e Preconceito e Mansfield Park da romancista Jane Austen, uma das escritoras mais aclamadas da Inglaterra. Utilizando-se os personagens femininos desses romances e como eles se posicionam diante das relações afetivas e sociais, buscou-se estabelecer um paralelo entre a literatura e a história das mulheres. Sendo considerada uma das responsáveis pela consolidação do gênero romanesco inglês, Jane Austen insere em seus romances a questão da feminilidade como histórica e socialmente construída, além de ser ela própria também um exemplo da desconstrução dos papéis femininos, já que escreveu num tempo no qual a vida literária não era um espaço que as mulheres deveriam ocupar. No entanto, muitas vezes, tanto a discussão sobre as representações das mulheres nas suas obras, como a própria representatividade da autora para o campo de atuação das mulheres inglesas são negligenciados devido a uma leitura superficial de seus romances. Assim, este trabalho buscou dialogar com a história das mulheres, enriquecendo este campo de estudo, trazendo novos dados e formas de pensar as relações das mulheres na sociedade, através da literatura, além de objetivar dar mais destaque à romancista dentro deste campo de estudo. Não foi intenção fazer uma análise literária das obras, mas uma análise dos discursos existentes por trás dos papéis femininos nos romances escritos por Jane Austen, enquanto possível espelho da visão social da feminilidade, levando-se em consideração o contexto sócio histórico em que foram escritas

Genteel revolutionaries: the lives of Anna and Thomas Haslam

The lives of Thomas and Anna Haslam were dedicated to the attainment of women's equality. They were feminists before the word was coined. In an era when respectable women were not supposed to know of the existence of prostitutes, Anna became empowered to do the unthinkable, not only to speak in public but to discuss openly matters sexual and to attack the double standard of sexuality which was enshrined in the official treatment of prostitutes. Their life-long commitment to the cause of women's suffrage never faltered, despite the repeated discouragement of the fate of bills defeated in the House of Commons. The Haslams represented an Ireland which did not survive them. While they were dedicated to the union with Westminster, they worked happily with those who applied themselves to its destruction. Although in many ways they exemplified the virtues of their Quaker backgrounds, they did not subscribe to any organised religion. Despite living in straitened circumstances, they were part of an urban intellectual elite and participated in the social and cultural life of Dublin for over fifty years. It is tempting to speculate how the Haslams would have fared in post independence Ireland. Hanna Sheehy Skeffington who had impeccable nationalist credentials, was effectively marginalised. It is likely that they would have protested against discriminatory legislation in their usual law abiding manner but, in a country which quickly developed an overwhelmingly Roman Catholic ethos, would they have had a voice or a constituency? Ironically, Thomas's teaching on chastity would have found favour with the hierarchy; his message was disseminated in a simple and more pious manner in numerous Catholic Truth Society pamphlets. The Protestant minority never sought to subvert the institutions of the state, was careful not to criticise and kept its collective head down. Dáil Éireann was not bombarded with petitions for the restoration of divorce facilities or the unbanning of birth control. Those who sought such amenities obtained them quietly 'in another jurisdiction.' Fifty years were to pass before the condom wielding 'comely maidens' erupted on to the front pages of the Sunday papers. They were, one imagines, the spiritual descendants of the militant rather than the constitutional suffrage movement. "Once and for all we need to commit ourselves to the concept that women's rights are not factional or sectional privileges, bestowed on the few at the whim of the many. They are human rights. In a society in which the rights and potential of women are constrained no man can be truly free." These words spoken by Mary Robinson as President of Ireland are an echo of the principles to which the Haslams dedicated their lives and are, perhaps, a tribute to their efforts.

La medicina anatomoclínica y su llegada y consolidación en Chile: 1833-1843

El presente trabajo trata de dar cuenta de explicar el proceso por el cual la medicina anatomoclínica configurada en Francia durante el siglo XVIII llega y se consolida en Chile durante 1833 a 1843. Par el desarrollo de este objetivo el trabajo consta de dos partes principales. En la primera parte se hace un estudio a profundidad sobre la configuración de la medicina anatomoclínica en Francia durante la Revolución Francesa. Esto nos permite entender que la constitución de esta medicina se da de la mano con la construcción del Estado Nacional francés y, así mismo, que este proceso se caracteriza por un cambio en la mentalidad de lo que significa la enfermedad y la manera en la que el oficio médico es entendido. La segunda parte es un estudio sobre cómo esta medicina llega a Chile y se consolida durante un periodo político particular en el que a la vez se institucionaliza la educación médica, se constituye un Estado Nación Chileno y se evidencia un cambio de los fundamentos de la medicina.

Libro de estampas : almanaque de los niños 1800-1892.

Recoge las ilustraciones infantiles del siglo XIX. Está compuesto de Aleluyas de los juegos, estampas conmemorativas e ilustraciones de periódicos y revistas dedicadas a la infancia.

La Universidad de Valladolid 1800-1820 : los planes de estudio.

Conocer la situación de la Universidad a lo largo del periodo comprendido entre la invasión napoleónica y la muerte de Fernando VII. Conocer una de las Universidades españolas más desconocidas del XIX, la Universidad de Valladolid, a través de sus planes de estudio y su influencia en la vida académica y universitaria. Libros del claustro. Planes de estudio. Dificultad en obtener resultados esclarecedores sobre la procedencia social y el comportamiento ideológico del profesorado y su alumnado frente a los hechos trascendentales ocurridos entre 1808 y 1833. Obtención de datos referidos a procedencia geográfica, preferencias en la elección de la carrera, volumen del alumnado, costumbres, particularidades y funcionamiento académico. La Universidad de Valladolid en el primer cuarto del siglo XIX se encontraba inmersa todavía en el entorno del Antiguo Régimen. A partir de la Guerra de la Independencia (1820) evoluciona en su enfoque y sus fuentes pero pervive el antiguo régimen en la decadencia de sus estudios y la exigua financiación. Los enfrentamientos ideológicos quedan cuidadosamente borrados en los libros del claustro, aunque progresivamente se introducen en ellos nuevas formas y modos de entender la enseñanza, de planificarla, acordes al pensamiento liberal aunque no de forma abierta hasta 1833.