Cuestión de mala leche.

Las firmas que elaboran leches sustitutorias de la lactancia materna contravienen códigos de conducta internacionales al emplear estrategias poco éticas en la comercialización de sus productos. Estrategias que pueden repercutir negativamente en la salud de los bebes.

Análisis de algunas constantes y adulteraciones de la leche.

Se propone una práctica bioquímica de laboratorio, basada en técnicas analíticas de fácil realización, relacionada con la leche y sus productos derivados, por su gran valor formativo para los alumnos de COU y la facilidad de obtener los materiales.

Una experiencia did??ctica integrada en el proyecto Atenea : estudio de la ganaderia productora de leche de Cantabria

La experiencia did??ctica se desarrolla en el ??mbito de la asignatura Geograf??a Humana y Econ??mica del mundo actual, y est?? integrada en el Proyecto Atenea de aplicaci??n de las nuevas tecnolog??as de la informaci??n a la ense??anza. Los objetivos son: informar al alumno sobre las caracter??sticas de la caba??a de ganado fris??n en Cantabria; introducir al alumno en la metodolog??a de elaboraci??n de instrumentos de recogida de datos, en el desarrollo de un estudio de campo y en la aplicaci??n de las nuevas tecnolog??as en estas actividades. Tras la explicaci??n de los conceptos b??sicos de la ganaderia y la creaci??n de unos fundamentos te??ricos, se procede a la elaboraci??n colectiva de un cuestionario, que se aplica, por grupos, en las visitas realizadas a una granja de tecnolog??a avanzada y al Mercado Nacional de Ganado de Torrelavega (Cantabria). Con los datos obtenidos en este estudio, se crea una base de datos y se procede, de forma individual, a la elaboraci??n de un informe t??cnico. Los resultados de la experiencia did??ctica son evaluados de forma individual.

Thermophysical and rheological properties of dulce de leche with and without coconut flakes as a function of temperature

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Relación entre el recuento de células somáticas y la producción de leche de búfalas en el estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Mastitis is an inflammatory process in the udder that can affect the quality and quantity of milk produced causing economic losses and risks for health. Considering the somatic cell count (SCCs) as indicator of udder health and the milk yield (MY) of buffaloes from São Paulo State, this study aimed to quantify the related losses in milk due to somatic cells count (SCC). 9404 sources of information from 2198 lactations that occurred between 1997 and 2004 were analysed. There was no relation between MY and the SCCs in the buffaloes at first parity. For the second parity in the months 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7 of lactation, there was a negative and significant relationship between SCCs and MY. For parities of three or more there was a significant and negative regression coefficient during every month of lactation betrween MY and SCC. The average losses varied from 0,18 to 2,2 milk liters per unit of SCCs. The results indicated large losses observed in the miltiparous buffaloes and that this category needs received special attention in terms of udder health. The effect of farm, parity and year, must be considered comparison between animals.

Evaluación genética de búfalos de la raza Murrah para la producción de leche en el día de control y a los 305 días de lactancia

There were analyzed 4757 complete lactations of the Murrah breed, daughters of 187 bulls, with the goal of verifying the viability upon employing the test-day (PDLC), on substitution of the milk yield at 305th day of lactation (PL305), in the genetic evaluations. The components of variance for the PDLC1 to PDLC9 and for the PL305 were estimated in uni-traits analysis according to maximum restricted likelihood method. The used model included the genetic direct additive random effects, of residual and permanent environment. There were considered as fixed effects, the contemporary group and the number of milkings and the age of the cow at the moment of parity co-variable (quadratic and linear effect). The contemporary groups were constituted by the herd-year-month of control for the PDLC and by herd-year-epoch of parity for PL305. The estimates of heritability for the PDLC and PL305 were 0.12 to 0.23 and 0.22, respectively. The correlations of order of the predicted genetic values for the 187 bulls, obtained between the PDLC and the PL305, were from moderate to high, varying from 67.74 to 83.12. From the minimum selection of the 10% of the best bulls relating to the predicted genetic value for the PL305, the coincidence among the classification of these animals was over 68%, when evaluated by the PDLC3,PDLC4,PDLC5 and PDLC6. Upon selecting the 5% of the best animals that coincidence presented a lower value.

Estimación de parámetros genéticos para la producción de leche en el día del control empleando un modelo de regresión aleatoria para primeras lactancias en búfalos de la costa norte de Colombia

A total of 5575 monthly test-day yield records from 796 lactations buffaloes first in the north coast of Colombia. The model included random direct additive genetic and permanent environment effects. As fixed effects were included, contemporary groups, and age of cow at calving as covaraible, linear and quadratic effects. Test-day (PLDC) yield was 3.89 ± 1.14 kg. The PLDC ranged from 2.86 kg to 4.26 kg while the highest values towards the middle of lactation. The heritability estimates obtained for PLDC ranged from 0.23 to 0.47. Genetic correlations between PLDC, declining steadily increased the distance between PLDC. Phenotypic variances were higher in the initial PLDC and decreasing towards the end of lactation. The results found in this study indicate that there is a high genetic variability for the PLDC in the population studied using a random regression model.

Argentina: informe sectorial sobre leche y productos lácteos

Incluye Bibliografía

Capital social y pequeños productores de leche en México: los casos de Alto Jalisco y Aguascalientes

Incluye Bibliografía

Estudio de efectos ambientales y genéticos que influyen en la producción de leche y duración de lactación en bovinos de raza guzerat

Objective of present work was study a influence of environmental and genetic effects over characteristics of milk total production (PL) and lactation duration (DL), from 2572 lactations of 477 Guzerat cows, collected since 1957 to 2002, in Rio de Janeiro State. Environmental effects were analyzed by an statistical model that include male randomized effect, fixed effect of contemporary group, and the (co)variables age of cow (lineal and quadratic) and lactation duration. The contemporary group had significant effect just for PL. Bayesian inference was used to obtain estimatives of genetic parameters over an animal model, in which was included as fixed effect the contemporary group and the covariables age of cow (linear and quadratic). The estimates of heritability and repeatability were 0.36 and 0.75 for PL and 0.29 and 0.36 for DL, respectively. The estimated genetic correlation was 0.97. The heritability estimates for PL and DL were moderate, indicating that it is possible answer to the selection of the characteristics under study. The genetic correlation was high and indicates that selection for increase milk production will be accompanied with increase in lactation duration.

Estimación de parámetros genéticos para producción de leche en el día de control en búfalas de primer parto

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Situación actual, problemas y perspectivas del comercio de la leche y sus derivados en los países de la ALALC

Incluye Bibliografía

Efecto de la frecuencia de ordeño sobre la producción, fraccionamiento y parámetros de calidad de la leche en las cabras canarias

Programa de Doctorado: Sanidad Animal