冷弯成型过程的有限元模拟

概述了冷弯成型过程有限元数值模拟的基本原理和基本算法,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA分析软件对冷弯过程进行有限元数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行受力和应变分析以验证其可行性和正确性,为冷弯成型的工程设计提供了科学依据,从而降低设计风险。

水中悬浮隧道在冲击载荷作用下的计算模型与数值模拟

建立了水中悬浮隧道在冲击载荷作用下的简化计算模型。用等效质量法将圆柱壳分布质量折算成冲击点处的集中质量,模型中考虑流体附加质量和系统阻尼的影响。根据碰撞过程中的动量守恒、变形过程中的能量守恒以及结构的位移与内力关系,得到问题的解析解。为验证解析解,在ANSYS/LS-DYNA中建立了动态冲击有限元分析模型。通过算例分别考察了在忽略和考虑流体附加质量两种情况下,冲击点位置和冲击速度对冲击点处最大径向位移的影响,将解析解与数值解进行对比,结果吻合较好。然后采用数值模拟方法得到了系统阻尼对计算结果的影响规律。数值模拟过程中还可以得到冲击点处的最大Mises应力。

爆破近区地质结构特性对震动信号传播的影响研究

基于文献〔1〕提出的“爆破震动弹性区的信号是经过震源邻近区域等效地质结构滤波后传出的”观点,利用LS-DYNA程序对岩土介质中存在软弱夹层时的爆破震动过程进行了一系列数值计算,讨论了存在软弱地质结构面时自由表面震动信号频率特征的变化规律。比如:爆破点和软弱结构面的相对位置以及软弱结构面分布范围和刚度改变时,爆破地震信号频率特征的演化规律。这些规律说明了爆破邻近区域的结构特征对震动信号频率特征有着显著的影响,同时为各种工程地质结构(如地下裂隙、软弱夹层等)的识别提供了一种新的思路。现场爆破实验的结果也定性地验证了这些规律。

Propagation of Explosion Wave in Hard-Soft-Hard Layered Media

The paper presents a reasonable analysis for dynamic response and failure process of a plane multi-layered media, which are subjected to a blast loading. This blast loading is induced by a cylindric explosive put on the center of top surface of the layered media. With the help of numerical simulation technique provided by LS-DYNA software, the whole process of explosion wave propagation and attenuation can be revealed. The feature of local failure around the blasting site is also discussed in some detail. Our focus will be on the explosion wave attenuation for the hard-soft-hard sandwich layers. As seen in the paper, the computational results are delivered in a feasible way by comparing with experimental data.

A Semi-Empirical Equation of Penetration Depth on Concrete Target Impacted by Ogive-Nose Projectiles

In this paper, the penetration process of ogive-nose projectiles into the semi-infinite concrete target is investigated by the dimensional analysis method and FEM simulation. With the dimensional analysis, main non-dimensional parameters which control the penetration depth are obtained with some reasonable hypothesis. Then, a new semi-empirical equation is present based on the original work of Forrestal et al., has only two non-dimensional combined variables with definite physical meanings. To verify this equation, prediction results are compared with experiments in a wide variation region of velocity. Then, a commercial FEM code, LS-DYNA, is used to simulate the complex penetration process, that also show the novel semi-empirical equation is reasonable for determining the penetration depth in a concrete target.

桩靴贯入对固定平台基础扰动的数值模拟

利用有限元软件LS-DYNA对桩靴贯入产生临近主平台基础的扰动问题进行了数值模拟。研究了桩靴贯入过程中土体和临近主平台桩基础的变形和应力变化,从而分析主平台基础承载力的变化。结果表明,土体表面沉陷区为失效区周围两倍半径区域;桩靴压入到一定深度后,上部土体发生回弹,且由于桩基的影响,桩靴左右两侧土体竖向和横向位移不对称,埋有桩基侧的土体竖向位移略小。

导弹潜射过程的流体动力载荷仿真

导弹潜射过程是流-固-气三态耦合的非定常复杂过程,更是决定导弹发射成败的关键．本研究运用ANSYS／LS-DYNA显式程序对导弹的水下发射过程进行了模拟,以期为导弹设计提供有益的技术参考．文中流体模型采用多物质ALE单元,使用罚函数流-固耦合方法进行导弹潜射过程仿真,流体初始静水压力应用动力学平衡方法进行初始化,最终仿真得到导弹的流体阻力及压力分布时程曲线．基于仿真所得数据,对导弹流体阻力系数进行了计算和讨论,为导弹的流体阻力系数提供了一种全新的校核方法．

An Improved Ce/Se Scheme For Multi-Material Elastic-Plastic Flows And Its Applications

In this paper, a new definition of SE and CE, which is based on the hexahedron mesh and simpler than Chang's original CE/SE method (the space-time Conservation Element and Solution Element method), is proposed and an improved CE/SE scheme is constructed. Furthermore, the improved CE/SE scheme is extended in order to solve the elastic-plastic flow problems. The hybrid particle level set method is used for tracing the interfaces of materials. Proper boundary conditions are presented in interface tracking. Two high-velocity impact problems are simulated numerically and the computational results are carefully compared with the experimental data, as well as the results from other literature and LS-DYNA software. The comparisons show that the computational scheme developed currently is clear in physical concept, easy to be implemented and high accurate and efficient for the problems considered. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

结构钢中绝热剪切带形成与扩展的光学观测与数值模拟

绝热剪切带(Adiabatic Shear Band,ASB)是许多金属材料在冲击载荷作用下发生破坏的主要原因之一,它是近年来冲击动力学和损伤力学研究的前沿和热点.相关的理论研究主要针对一维剪切条件,分析应力、应变、剪切速度、材料热物理和力学性能、初始缺陷大小之间的关系,得到一个由多个物理量组合而成的量来判别材料出现剪切带的难易.ASB的实验主要利用Hopkinson压杆、扭杆、压剪炮等加载技术,研究钛合金、钨合金、高强结构钢等材料的剪切带特征,包括局部温度和变形分布、剪切带出现的阈值等.但是,对剪切带演化过程的在位观察及其动态实时演化的研究还较少见,妨碍了人们对由于剪切局部化而导致的材料破坏机理的深入认识.针对45钢,在Hopkinson压杆上,开展了不同冲击加载条件下剪切带演化过程的在位观察及可视化研究.利用自行设计的高分辨力的光学观测系统和基于数字相关理论的图像处理软件,捕捉了单一试样在冲击加载条件下ASB逐渐形成和扩展的过程.同时,利用LS-DYNA商业程序对试样的冲击压缩过程进行了数值模拟,所得主要结果与实验观测基本一致.

激光冲击强化诱导的残余应力影响因素分析

考虑激光冲击强化后塑性区深度及最大残余压应力的影响因素和影响规律问题,运用量纲分析的方法获得了影响冲击强化效果的主控因素,并给出了塑性区深度及最大残余压应力与峰值压力、压力持续时间、光斑半径的关系;利用基于LS-DYNA的二维轴对称有限元模型,计算了不同参数条件下金属靶体受冲击载荷作用的动态响应.计算结果表明,塑性区深度与压力持续时间成正比;最大残余压应力与压力持续时间无关;一定光斑半径范围内,塑性区深度及最大残余压应力与光斑半径无关;峰值压力超过一定值时,塑性区深度及最大残余压应力与峰值压力近似成线性关系

桩靴贯入对固定平台基础扰动的数值模拟

利用有限元软件LS-DYNA对桩靴贯入产生临近主平台基础的扰动问题进行了数值模拟。研究了桩靴贯入过程中土体和临近主平台桩基础的变形和应力变化,从而分析主平台基础承载力的变化。结果表明,土体表面沉陷区为失效区周围两倍半径区域;桩靴压入到一定深度后,上部土体发生回弹,且由于桩基的影响,桩靴左右两侧土体竖向和横向位移不对称,埋有桩基侧的土体竖向位移略小。

Efficient modelling and optimisation of hybrid multilayered plates subject to ballistic impact

Among the key challenges present in the modelling and optimisation of composite structures against impact is the computational expense involved in setting up accurate simulations of the impact event and then performing the iterations required to optimise the designs. It is of more interest to find good designs given the limitations of the resources and time available rather than the best possible design. In this paper, low cost but sufficiently accurate finite element (FE) models were generated in LS Dyna for several experimentally characterised materials by semi-automating the modelling process and using existing material models. These models were then used by an optimisation algorithm to generate new hybrid offspring, leading to minimum weight and/or cost designs from a selection of isotropic metals, polymers and orthotropic fibre-reinforced laminates that countered a specified impact threat. Experimental validation of the optimal designs thus identified was then successfully carried out using a single stage gas gun. With sufficient computational hardware, the techniques developed in this pilot study can further utilise fine meshes, equations of state and sophisticated material models, so that optimal hybrid systems can be identified from a wide range of materials, designs and threats.

On the application of genetic algorithms for optimising composites against impact loading

A genetic algorithm (GA) was adopted to optimise the response of a composite laminate subject to impact. Two different impact scenarios are presented: low-velocity impact of a slender laminated strip and high-velocity impact of a rectangular plate by a spherical impactor. In these cases, the GA's objective was to, respectively, minimise the peak deflection and minimise penetration by varying the ply angles.

The GA was coupled to a commercial finite-element (FE) package LS DYNA to perform the impact analyses. A comparison with a commercial optimisation package, LS OPT, was also made. The results showed that the GA was a robust, capable optimisation tool that produced near optimal designs, and performed well with respect to LS OPT for the more complex high-velocity impact scenario tested.

A progressive failure model for composite laminates subjected to low velocity impact damage

This paper presents a 3-D failure model for predicting the dynamic material response of composite laminates under impact loading. The formulation is based on the Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) approach and enables the control of the energy dissipation associated with each failure mode regardless of mesh refinement and fracture plane orientation. Internal thermodynamically irreversible damage variables were defined in order to quantify damage concentration associated with each possible failure mode and predict the gradual stiffness reduction during the impact damage process. The material model has been implemented into LS-DYNA explicit finite element code within solid elements and it has proven to be capable of reproducing experimental results with good accuracy in terms of static/dynamic responses, absorbed energy and extent of damage.

Delamination threshold load for dynamic impact on plates

A criterion is derived for delamination onset in transversely isotropic laminated plates under small mass, high velocity impact. The resulting delamination threshold load is about 21% higher than the corresponding quasi-static threshold load. A closed form approximation for the peak impact load is then used to predict the delamination threshold velocity. The theory is validated for a range of test cases by comparison with 3D finite element simulation using LS-DYNA and a newly developed interface element to model delamination onset and growth. The predicted delamination threshold loads and velocities are in very good agreement with the finite element simulations. Good agreement is also shown in a comparison with published experimental results. In contrast to quasi-static impacts, delamination growth occurs under a rapidly decreasing load. Inclusion of finite thickness effects and a proper description of the contact stiffness are found to be vital for accurate prediction of the delamination threshold velocity