Utopia Ltd

Utopia Ltd. explores the relationship between utopian ideas and commodification, bringing together artwork by Blaise Drummond, Brendan Earley, Pil and Galia Kollectiv, David Mabb, Lizi Sanchez and Mary-Ruth Walsh. The seven artists’ work opens up a debate on the utopian within painting, sculpture, architecture, design and video.The works in Utopia Ltd. represent modernist architecture and design in its various mutations within a spectacularised, commodified 20th century consumer society. In these works, the utopian dream seems to burst through again and again, despite rather than because of the permutations of commodity culture. By picturing the past, present and possible future, the works destabilize fixed linear time. By rescuing, reclaiming and re-picturing, Utopia Ltd. suggests that utopian ideas persist in contemporary art, making a provocative demand on the viewer’s capacity to produce utopian dreams of their own. The exhibition’s title Utopia Ltd. is a satirical echo of an operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan, Utopia (Limited) or, The Flowers of Progress (1893), in which a utopian colony is turned into a joint stock company.

O direito de retirada parcial nas sociedades anônimas

O presente trabalho dedica-se à análise da possibilidade do exercício do direito de retirada parcial por parte de acionista de sociedade anônima. Para tanto, fez-se, primeiramente, um estudo das bases essenciais do instituto do direito de retirada, para, então, analisar a possibilidade do exercício do direito de retirada parcial. Concluiu-se que o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro não veda o exercício do direito de retirada com apenas parte das ações do sócio de sociedade anônima.

Strumenti finanziari partecipativi e "nuovi" canali di finanziamento delle societa' per azioni

Il lavoro affronta il tema degli strumenti finanziari partecipativi e non partecipativi che possono essere emessi dalle società per azioni, alla luce della disciplina introdotta dalla riforma del diritto societario. Lo studio è diretto a fornire un inquadramento sistematico di queste modalità di finanziamento rispetto alla dicotomia azioni-obbligazioni, anche sotto il profilo contabile, per poi individuare le conseguenti implicazioni in termini di disciplina applicabile. Affrontando il dibattito dottrinale sulla collocazione complessiva degli strumenti ibridi rispetto alle forme di finanziamento tradizionali, si sposa l’opinione secondo cui tutti gli strumenti finanziari non possono essere ricompresi in una categoria unitaria, ma occorre mantenere distinti gli strumenti finanziari partecipativi indicati dall’art. 2346, comma 6, c.c., dagli altri strumenti finanziari ex art. 2411, comma 3, c.c., riconoscendo nei primi delle modalità di raccolta assimilabili al capitale di rischio e nei secondi delle forme di provvista di capitale di debito. Il connotato distintivo tra strumenti finanziari partecipativi e non partecipativi viene individuato non nell’attribuzione di diritti amministrativi – che possono anche non essere assegnati ai titolari di strumenti di cui all’art. 2346, comma 6 – bensì nell’assenza o nella presenza di un obbligo di rimborso dell’apporto fornito all’impresa. Il lavoro esamina inoltre vari profili di disciplina di entrambe le categorie di strumenti, concentrandosi prevalentemente sui diritti patrimoniali ad essi attribuibili, tra cui la partecipazione agli utili e alle perdite e i diritti in sede di liquidazione. Infine si esaminano le previsioni recentemente introdotte dal d.l. n. 83/2012 in tema di titoli obbligazionari, al fine di valutarne l’impatto sull’impianto complessivo della disciplina vigente. In particolare, viene data attenzione alle nuove disposizioni relative alle obbligazioni subordinate e/o partecipative che possono essere emesse dalle società non quotate, mettendo in evidenza le criticità dal punto di vista sistematico in tema di possibile partecipazione agli utili degli obbligazionisti.

Akcje wielogłosowe w spółce publicznej

Występowanie akcji wielogłosowych w spółkach publicznych nie zawsze jest postrzegane jako zjawisko pozytywne. Niektóre regulacje zachodnioeuropejskie wyłączyły dopuszczalność wprowadzania akcji wielogłosowych albo doprowadziły do ich ograniczenia. Polski ustawodawca przyjął rozwiązanie, zgodnie z którym w spółce akcyjnej (niepublicznej) maksymalny pułap uprzywilejowania głosowego wynosi dwa głosy na jedną akcję. W odniesieniu jednak do spółki publicznej posłużono się niefortunnym sformułowaniem „uprzywilejowanie co do głosu nie dotyczy spółki publicznej”. W doktrynie napotkać można różnice w poglądach, co do obecnie obowiązujących przepisów regulujących tytułową problematykę. Wskazuje się, że przepis art. 351 § 2 zdanie drugie Kodeksu spółek handlowych może być rozumiany niejednolicie. Występowanie wielogłosowych akcji w spółkach publicznych wiąże się między innymi ze zmianą stanu prawnego, ale także, ze stanem faktycznym polegającym na uzyskaniu przez spółkę niepubliczną (prywatną) statusu spółki publicznej. Publikacja obejmuje teoretyczno-prawne rozważania związane z akcjami wielogłosowymi w spółkach publicznych. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie tytułowej problematyki, począwszy od zagadnienia akcji wielogłosowych ustanowionych na gruncie nieobowiązującego już stanu prawnego, a zakończywszy na upublicznieniu spółki i wynikających z tego konsekwencjach w odniesieniu do akcji uprzywilejowanych co do głosu.

Sociedade de economia mista: possibilidade de recuperação judicial

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Best's insurance reports.

"Best's insurance reports ... upon American and foreign joint-stock companies, American mutual companies, inter-insurance associations, and individual underwriting organizations."

Hankintatoimen järjestäminen julkisella sektorilla ja yhteishankintayksikön motiivit ja haasteet – case: KL-Kuntahankinnat Oy

Tämän tutkielman tavoitteena on selvittää, miten hankintatoimi on järjestetty Suomen julkisella sektorilla ja erityisesti mitä motiiveja ja haasteita liittyy case-yrityksen toimintaan. Teoriaosan kirjallisuus-katsauksen avulla tarkastellaan hankintatoimen järjestämistä julkisella sektorilla ja tutkimus painottuu erityisesti kuntasektoriin, sillä suurin osa julkisista hankinnoista tehdään juuri kuntasektorilla. Tavoitteena on lisäksi löytää sopivia viitekehyksiä liittyen lisäarvon tuottamiseen ja arvontuotto-logiikkaan sisäisille asiakkaille yhteishankintayksikön toiminnassa. Empiirisen osan materiaali on koottu haastattelujen perusteella. Tavoitteena on hyödyntää löydettyjä malleja case-yrityksen toiminnan tarkastelussa ja mahdollisesti sen kehittämisessä. Nykyisillä rakenteilla ja toimintamalleilla kunnat eivät selviä niille osoitetuista tehtävistä, sillä kunta-alalla perusongelma on edelleen se, että menot kasvavat nopeammin kuin tulot. Tämä vaatii uusia toimintatapoja ja rakenteita. Yhteishankintayhtiö KL-Kuntahankinnat Oy:n tarjoama ydinpalvelu on tuoda tarjoamansa hankintapalvelun avulla selkeää lisäarvoa kunta-asiakkailleen. Yritys hyödyntää keskitettyä hankintamallia ja toiminnan sen motiivit liittyvät asiantuntijuuteen, asiakkaille tuotettaviin kustannus- ja prosessisäästöihin, erikoistumisella saavutettaviin etuihin ja toiminnan tehokkuuden kasvuun sekä asiakkaiden omaan oppimiseen.

Julkisten hankintojen keskittäminen - case kuntasektorin yhteishankinnat

Tämä kandidaatintyö käsittelee julkisten hankintojen keskittämistä. Keskitymme työssä Suomen tilanteeseen ja erityisesti kuntasektorin hankintojen keskittämiseen. Työn alussa käymme läpi lyhyesti julkisiin hankintoihin vaikuttavaa lainsäädäntöä ja esittelemme yleistä teoriaa hankintojen keskittämisestä. Teoriaosuudessa käsittelemme keskittämisen motiiveja, saavutettavia hyötyjä sekä mahdollisia ongelmia. Kandidaatintyöhömme sisältyy case-esimerkki yhteishankintayksikön toiminnasta. Tarkastelun kohteena on Etelä-Karjalan maakunnan alueella toimiva yhteishankintayksikkö Etelä-Karjalan hankintapalvelut, joka hoitaa yhteistyöyksiköilleen muun muassa kilpailutukset sekä sopimusten hallinnan. Työssä vertaamme myös nousevatko kirjallisuusosuudessa käsitellyt teoriat esille case-yrityksen toiminnassa. Pääosin teoria vastasi haastattelun perusteella Etelä-Karjalan Hankintapalveluiden kokemia hyötyjä ja haittoja joitain poikkeuksia lukuun ottamatta. Hyödyt koettiin yhteneväisemmiksi teorian kanssa kuin haitat. Työn lopussa käymme läpi hankintojen keskittämisen tulevaisuuden näkymiä, joiden perusteella voidaan sanoa, että aiheeseen liittyvää tutkimusta tulisi tehdä enemmän.

Financialization and financial profit

This article starts from the critical review of the concept of financial capital. I consider it is necessary not to confuse this category with of financialization, which has acquired a certificate of naturalization from the rise of neoliberalism. Although financial monopoly-financial capital is the hegemonic segment of the bourgeoisie in the major capitalist countries, their dominance does not imply, a fortiori, financialization of economic activity, since it depends of the conditions of the process reproduction of capital. The emergence of joint stock companies modified the formation of the average rate of profit. The "promoter profit" becomes one of the main forms of income of monopoly-financial capital. It is postulated that financial profit is a kind of "extraordinary surplus-value" which is appropriated by monopoly-financial capital by means of the monopolistic control it exerts on the issue and circulation of fictitious capital.

Warren Hartman fonds, 1970, 1972-1996, 1998, n.d.

Warren Hartman was born in 1942 in Toronto, Ontario. He received a B.A. in Fine Arts and Drama from Brock University in 1981 and a Masters of Arts in Humanities at the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1987. In the 1950s he did considerable work as a child-actor both in theatre and television. From 1953 to 1961 he was in the New Play Society under the direction of Dora Mavor Moore. His last two years there were spent as a scholarship student. From 1963 to 1966 he did an apprenticeship with Suzanne Mess, Head of Costume Design at The Canadian Opera Company in Toronto. In 1976 Warren attended a Master Class in Scenography at the Banff School of Fine Arts with Josef Svoboda. In the spring of 1970 Warren was a guest designer at Brock University and from 1970 to 1972 he remained at Brock as resident designer and special lecturer. During this time he was also an instructor and costume designer at Sheridan College in Oakville. It was in 1972 that he became the designer-in-residence at Brock University. From 1984 he held the position of Associate Professor at The Department of Fine Arts at Brock University until the fall of 1996. Some of the highlights of Warren’s career also include: stage managager with the Street Hat Players in Port Carling, Ontario, 1960-1961; a freelance designer for over 100 shows; costume coordinator(production manager) for the Canadian Opera Company, 1964 -1970; resident costume designer for The Canadian Opera Company, 1965- 1970; founder and artistic director of Dei Gelosi Campagnia, St.Catharines, Ontario, 1970-1973; freelance director of some thirty-five shows; co-producer for Quebec City Summer Stock Company, Quebec City, Quebec, 1975; a consultant with Alberta Culture for the Provincial Government of Alberta, 1986-1987 and associate artistic director at Theatre Network, Edmonton, Alberta, 1986-1987. Warren Hartman was the recipient of the Jean Chalmers Award for contributions to Canadian Theatre for persons 25 years of age or under, in 1965. He was a founding member of Associated Designers of Canada and was affiliated with Canadian Actors Equity. Warren Hartman died on Feb. 11, 1998 several days after suffering a massive stroke. A memorial service was held at Brock University in May of 1998 and a bursary fund was established in his name.

Investir en République Populaire de Chine : l'environnement légal et les formes juridiques d'entreprises

L'économie de la Chine a connu au cours des trois dernières décennies une effervescence sans précédent. Dorénavant ouvert sur le monde, ce nouveau marché de près de 1,3 milliard d'individus possède un potentiel commercial et des perspectives de croissance n'ayant aucun équivalent en Occident. Toutefois, partir à la conquête de l'Empire du Milieu peut s'avérer être une aventure périlleuse pour celui qui ne maîtrise pas le cadre contextuel et légal dans lequel les affaires s'opèrent en ces lieux. Le présent mémoire se veut une étude en deux parties des considérations afin de mener à terme avec succès un projet d'investissement en sol chinois. Dans un premier temps, la présente étude tente de démystifier le climat économique, social et légal entourant le monde des affaires en Chine. L'investisseur étranger a tout intérêt à comprendre cet environnement dans lequel nos repères occidentaux sont parfois inexistants. Il s'agit donc, initialement, de comprendre l'évolution récente de ce pays et les transformations profondes que la Chine a connues dans les dernières décennies. Du socialisme à l'économie de marché, le plus grand marché potentiel sur terre s'est ouvert progressivement sur le monde. Sans délai, l'investissement étranger a alors afflué massivement en ces lieux. Fort de l'évolution de son environnement légal, qui se poursuit d'ailleurs toujours à l'heure actuelle, quels sont les principaux enjeux et défis pour un investisseur étranger en Chine? Parmi différentes considérations, l'investisseur étranger doit s'intéresser particulièrement à la place qu'occupent les autorités gouvernementales dans les transactions privées, à la force obligatoire des ententes commerciales et à la résolution de conflits éventuels. Dans un second temps, la présente étude couvre les principales formes juridiques d'investissement accessibles aux investisseurs étrangers afin d'exploiter ou de participer à l'exploitation d'une entreprise en sol chinois. Il s'agit, pour chacune d'entre elles, d'analyser le droit positif posé par le législateur ainsi que de le compléter avec certains éléments pratiques soulevés par des observateurs en la matière. Il s'ensuivra une analyse des différents mécanismes d'acquisition d'entreprise par les investisseurs étrangers. Ultimement, l'étude de cette seconde partie mènera à une analyse comparative des incidences pratiques relativement aux différentes formes d'établissement ou d'acquisition d'entreprise.

Los supuestos de aplicación del administrador de hecho: un análisis del caso español a propósito de la sociedad por acciones simplificada

El régimen de responsabilidad patrimonial de los administradores en el ordenamiento jurídicocolombiano se caracterizó, antes de la irrupción de la sas, por un carácter marcadamenteformalista. No obstante, la Ley 1258 de 2008 amplió el ámbito subjetivo de aplicación delaludido régimen, al incorporar la figura del administrador societario de hecho. En este sentido,el estudio de la responsabilidad de los administradores recibe con la Ley SAS un nuevoimpulso, con el fin de que juegue un papel aún más representativo en Colombia. Así las cosas,en el presente artículo, se estudian los diferentes supuestos o circunstancias para la aplicaciónde la figura del administrador de hecho en el caso español, con miras a su aplicación en elentorno societario colombiano.

A politica fiscal no Brasil : limites e contradições : o caso do Estado do Espirito Santo

o estudo pretende contribuir para a análise da realidade brasileira, através do caso do Estado do Espírito Santo, no período compreendido entre 1946 a 1980, tentando demonstrar a dependência financeira dos governos estaduais refletida na perda de receitas próprias e da necessária autonomia para a sua utilização. Numa visão retrospect.iva observa-se uma excessiva tendência à centralização manifestada pelo federalismo brasileiro, principalmente, depois da Reforma Tribut.ária de 1967, que estabeleceu um rigoroso controle da União sobre as receitas tributárias e sobre a ação dos Estados- membros, reduzindo sua autonomia em matéria de legislação tributária. A centralização financeira e política fez com que os go- . , . vernos estaduais perdessem 8S prerrogativasanteriorrnente adquiridas e tivessem limitada sua autonomia em;matéria de politica fiscal. Tentou-se compensar a acentuada redução das receitas tributárias estaduais lnstituindo- se o mecanismo das transferências que, a despeito de suas funç5es redIstributi vas, impõe uma série de exig§ncias e determinações para a sua aplicação. A partir dessa constataç50 passa-se a analisar a política fiscal no Estado do Espírito Santo observando-se as administrações estaduais nesse período. Cheg~-se à conclusão de que as sucessivas crises financeiras ocorridas limitaram a formulação de uma política fiscal estadual. Com isso, constat3-se que os estados passaram a ser rneros agentes administrativos reproduzindo as decis5es maiores formuladas pelo governo federal. Em linhas gerais, tentou-se comprovar a dependência fi--

Inglorious revolution : sovereign debt, tropical credibility, and financial underdevelopment in imperial Brazil

In 1824 the creation of institutions that constrained the monarch’s ability to unilaterally tax, spend, and debase the currency put Brazil on a path toward a revolution in public finance, roughly analogous to the financial consequences of England’s Glorious Revolution. This credible commitment to honor sovereign debt resulted in successful long-term funded borrowing at home and abroad from the 1820s through the 1880s that was unrivalled in Latin America. Some domestic bonds, denominated in the home currency and bearing exchange clauses, eventually circulated in European financial markets. The share of total debt accounted for by long-term funded issues grew, and domestic debt came to dominate foreign debt. Sovereign debt yields fell over time in London and Rio de Janeiro, and the cost of new borrowing declined on average. The market’s assessment of the probability of default tended to decrease. Imperial Brazil enjoyed favorable conditions for borrowing, and escaped the strong form of “original sin” stressed by recent work on sovereign debt. The development of vibrant private financial markets did not, however, follow from the enhanced credibility of government debt. Private finance in Imperial Brazil suffered from politicized market interventions that undermined the development of domestic capital markets. Private interest rates remained high, entry into commercial banking was heavily restricted, and limited-liability joint-stock companies were tightly controlled. The Brazilian case provides a powerful counterexample to the general proposition of North and Weingast that institutional changes that credibly commit the government to honor its obligations necessarily promote the development of private finance. The very institutions that enhanced the credibility of sovereign debt permitted the systematic repression of private financial development. In terms of its consequences for domestic capital markets, the liberal Constitution of 1824 represented an “inglorious” revolution.

Aplicação foliar de silício associado ou não a maturadores em cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA