Las caras de las venta directa por catálogo

La venta directa por catálogo es presentada a las mujeres por medio de un discurso que caracteriza a la actividad como la posibilidad de crear un negocio, el cual oculta diferentes aspectos de las condiciones laborales de la actividad. En este marco, este trabajo de grado preguntar por los motivos de vinculación y permanencia de las mujeres de Tunjuelito a esta actividad. Esta pregunta se estructura a partir de una comprensión de la actividad desde una dimensión objetiva y subjetiva. El análisis de la actividad se propone a partir de 3 caras que ilustran la heterogeneidad de estrategias de permanencia y prácticas que utilizan las mujeres para desarrollar la actividad. La discusión se da desde las perspectivas teóricas de trabajo informal, precariedad y tercerizacion en conjunto con un trabajo de campo realizado con las vendedoras en la localidad.

Working at night and work ability among nursing personnel: when precarious employment makes the difference

To test the association between night work and work ability, and verify whether the type of contractual employment has any influence over this association. Permanent workers (N = 642) and workers with precarious jobs (temporary contract or outsourced; N = 552) were interviewed and filled out questionnaires concerning work hours and work ability index. They were classified into: never worked at night, ex-night workers, currently working up to five nights, and currently working at least six nights/2-week span. After adjusting for socio-demography and work variables, current night work was significantly associated with inadequate WAI (vs. day work with no experience in night work) only for precarious workers (OR 2.00, CI 1.01-3.95 and OR 1.85, CI 1.09-3.13 for those working up to five nights and those working at least six nights in 2 weeks, respectively). Unequal opportunities at work and little experience in night work among precarious workers may explain their higher susceptibility to night work.

The sources of stress experienced by professional Australian footballers

Previous studies looking at the sources of stress in sport have generally overlooked the unique experiences of professional athletes participating in team sports. This paper describes the results of a qualitative study aimed at identifying the sources of stress experienced by a cross-section of professional Australian footballers. Players from two Australian Football League clubs took part in the study involving in-depth, one-to-one interviews and focus group discussions. The results revealed that players identified sources of stress that went beyond those associated with the competitive event (such as poor performances) and included a lack of feedback, difficulty balancing football and study commitments, and job insecurity. The influence of both competition and non-competition sources of stress parallels previous research involving non-professional athletes and indicates that the entire sporting experience needs to be taken into account when developing stress management strategies.

Economically inactive, unemployed and employed suicides in Australia by age and sex over a 10-year period: what was the impact of the 2007 economic recession?

Suicide is higher among economically inactive and unemployed persons than employed persons. This paper investigates differences in this relationship by sex and age over the period 2001 to 2010 in Australia. It also examines changes in suicide among employed, unemployed and economically inactive persons during the recession of 2007-09.

Labour markets, worker protection and lifelong learning in a global economy: experiences and perspectives of Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

A nova morfologia do trabalho no Brasil na década de 2000

O objetivo do texto é expor os elementos da nova morfologia do trabalho organizado no Brasil no contexto sóciohistórico da reorganização do capitalismo. Para isso, são apresentados alguns indicadores do mercado de trabalho nas duas últimas décadas, enfatizando-se as principais características do processo de precarização do trabalho vivenciado no país. Se na década de 1990 o crescente desemprego e a informalização das relações de emprego foram a tônica do mundo do trabalho no Brasil, na década de 2000, principalmente a partir de 2003, é a natureza flexível do emprego e da organização do trabalho que se torna a tendência dominante, potencializada pelo cenário de expansão da economia capitalista.

Globalização, desemprego e (nova) pobreza: estudo sobre impactes nas sodiedades portuguesa e brasileira

This article reflects upon the possible connections between the processes of economic globalization, changes in the labour market and the new forms of poverty. The debate is framed by two different economic contexts: Portugal (characterized by slow and insufficient growth rates, a serious social crisis, and difficulties in asserting itself economically and politically in the European and world contexts) and Brazil (a dynamic emerging economy, with high growth rates and receding poverty levels). This allows us to assess some of the economic and social impacts arising from the global pressure to be economically competitive, which have led to new forms of poverty, social precariousness and job insecurity in both societies.

Análise organizacional de acidentes de trabalho no setor de distribuição de energia elétrica

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Análise organizacional de acidentes de trabalho no setor de distribuição de energia elétrica

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

"Excluidos por excelencia" : Revisiones de un concepto para el caso de los habitantes de la calle

La problemática del "habitar la calle", es decir, la situación que actualmente atraviesan miles de personas y familias de tener que pasar noches y días en las calles de la ciudad, es un fenómeno cada vez más notorio en nuestro país y en las grandes ciudades del planeta. En el mundo académico se ha intentado realizar un acercamiento a esta cuestión desde múltiples enfoques y conceptos; uno de ellos es el de exclusión social. Este concepto nacido en el continente europeo, en la década del ochenta, a partir de la crisis que atravesó la sociedad salarial, es retomado en América Latina en los años 90. Actualmente es ampliamente utilizado para comprender las situaciones de extrema pobreza y precariedad laboral. Precisamente, en este artículo se propone un acercamiento a ciertos aspectos de la experiencia del "habitar la calle" a través de la exploración del concepto de exclusión social. Esta noción, que expresa la situación de los "excluidos" del mundo social, es revisada a partir del caso de los habitantes de la calle, generalmente considerados como los "excluidos por excelencia".

"Excluidos por excelencia" : Revisiones de un concepto para el caso de los habitantes de la calle

La problemática del "habitar la calle", es decir, la situación que actualmente atraviesan miles de personas y familias de tener que pasar noches y días en las calles de la ciudad, es un fenómeno cada vez más notorio en nuestro país y en las grandes ciudades del planeta. En el mundo académico se ha intentado realizar un acercamiento a esta cuestión desde múltiples enfoques y conceptos; uno de ellos es el de exclusión social. Este concepto nacido en el continente europeo, en la década del ochenta, a partir de la crisis que atravesó la sociedad salarial, es retomado en América Latina en los años 90. Actualmente es ampliamente utilizado para comprender las situaciones de extrema pobreza y precariedad laboral. Precisamente, en este artículo se propone un acercamiento a ciertos aspectos de la experiencia del "habitar la calle" a través de la exploración del concepto de exclusión social. Esta noción, que expresa la situación de los "excluidos" del mundo social, es revisada a partir del caso de los habitantes de la calle, generalmente considerados como los "excluidos por excelencia".

"Excluidos por excelencia" : Revisiones de un concepto para el caso de los habitantes de la calle

La problemática del "habitar la calle", es decir, la situación que actualmente atraviesan miles de personas y familias de tener que pasar noches y días en las calles de la ciudad, es un fenómeno cada vez más notorio en nuestro país y en las grandes ciudades del planeta. En el mundo académico se ha intentado realizar un acercamiento a esta cuestión desde múltiples enfoques y conceptos; uno de ellos es el de exclusión social. Este concepto nacido en el continente europeo, en la década del ochenta, a partir de la crisis que atravesó la sociedad salarial, es retomado en América Latina en los años 90. Actualmente es ampliamente utilizado para comprender las situaciones de extrema pobreza y precariedad laboral. Precisamente, en este artículo se propone un acercamiento a ciertos aspectos de la experiencia del "habitar la calle" a través de la exploración del concepto de exclusión social. Esta noción, que expresa la situación de los "excluidos" del mundo social, es revisada a partir del caso de los habitantes de la calle, generalmente considerados como los "excluidos por excelencia".

Gender inequalities in occupational health related to the unequal distribution of working and employment conditions: a systematic review

Introduction: Gender inequalities exist in work life, but little is known about their presence in relation to factors examined in occupation health settings. The aim of this study was to identify and summarize the working and employment conditions described as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health in studies related to occupational health published between 1999 and 2010. Methods: A systematic literature review was undertaken of studies available in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sociological Abstracts, LILACS, EconLit and CINAHL between 1999 and 2010. Epidemiologic studies were selected by applying a set of inclusion criteria to the title, abstract, and complete text. The quality of the studies was also assessed. Selected studies were qualitatively analysed, resulting in a compilation of all differences between women and men in the prevalence of exposure to working and employment conditions and work-related health problems as outcomes. Results: Most of the 30 studies included were conducted in Europe (n=19) and had a cross-sectional design (n=24). The most common topic analysed was related to the exposure to work-related psychosocial hazards (n=8). Employed women had more job insecurity, lower control, worse contractual working conditions and poorer self-perceived physical and mental health than men did. Conversely, employed men had a higher degree of physically demanding work, lower support, higher levels of effort-reward imbalance, higher job status, were more exposed to noise and worked longer hours than women did. Conclusions: This systematic review has identified a set of working and employment conditions as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health from the occupational health literature. These results may be useful to policy makers seeking to reduce gender inequalities in occupational health, and to researchers wishing to analyse these determinants in greater depth.

Effect of economic recession on psychosocial working conditions by workers' nationality

Background: Several publications have documented the effects of economic recessions on health. However, little is known about how economic recessions influence working conditions, especially among vulnerable workers. Objective: To explore the effects of 2008 economic crisis on the prevalence of adverse psychosocial working conditions among Spanish and foreign national workers. Methods: Data come from the 2007 and 2011 Spanish Working Conditions Surveys. Survey year, sociodemographic, and occupational information were independent variables and psychosocial factors exposures were dependent variables. Analyses were stratified by nationality (Spanish versus foreign). Prevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) of psychological job demands, job control, job social support, physical demands and perceived job insecurity were estimated using Poisson regression. Results: The Spanish population had higher risk of psychological and physical job demand (aPR = 1.07, 95% CI = [1.04–1.10] and aPR = 1.05, 95% CI = [1.01–1.09], respectively) in 2011 compared to 2007. Among both Spanish and foreign national workers, greater aPR were found for job loss in 2011 compared to 2007 (aPR = 2.47, 95% CI = [2.34–2.60]; aPR = 2.44, 95% CI = [2.15–2.77], respectively). Conclusion: The 2008 economic crisis was associated with a significant increase in physical demands in Spanish workers and increased job insecurity for both Spanish and foreign workers.

El bienestar y la conducta de los empleados de hotel en el contexto de la actual crisis económica

Poco se ha estudiado en qué medida la inseguridad laboral provocada por la actual crisis económica está afectando al comportamiento y rendimiento de los empleados del sector turístico. Este trabajo examina el posible impacto que la inseguridad laboral puede ejercer sobre la ansiedad y la depresión de los empleados de hoteles, y si estos estados de ánimo, a su vez, afectan su comportamiento cívico (OCB) y al rendimiento de sus tareas. Los datos fueron extraídos de 188 empleados de siete hoteles de entre tres y cinco estrellas de la isla de La Palma (Islas Canarias, España). Los resultados respaldan efectos significativos de la inseguridad laboral sobre la ansiedad y la depresión. A su vez, conforme a lo esperado, la depresión afectó negativamente a la conducta del empleado, pero sólo a su comportamiento cívico (OCB) dirigido hacia la organización (OCB-O). Sin embargo, la ansiedad no se relacionó conforme a lo esperado, aumentando el OCB-O del empleado y el rendimiento de sus tareas, lo que pudiera tener como objetivo un intento de protección de su puesto de trabajo. Los hallazgos nos permiten afirmar que la actual situación de crisis está afectando significativamente al empleado de hotel, perjudicando su estado de ánimo y, a través de la depresión, su conducta OCB-O.