The Swiss cohort study on substance use risk factors : findings of two waves

Aim: To summarize published findings in peer-reviewed journals of the first two waves of the Swiss Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF), a longitudinal study assessing risk and protective factors of 5,987 young men during the phase of emerging adulthood (20 years at baseline, followed-up 15 months later). Methods: Included were 33 studies published until November 2014 focusing on substance use. Results: Substance use in early adulthood is a prevalent and stable behavior. The 12-month prevalence of nonmedical use of prescription drugs (10.6%) lies between that of cannabis (36.4%) and other illicit drugs such as ecstasy (3.7%) and cocaine (3.2%). Although peer pressure in the form of misconduct is associated with increased substance use, other aspects such as peer involvement in social activities may have beneficial effects. Regular sport activities are associated with reduced substance use, with the exception of alcohol use. Young men are susceptible to structural conditions such as the price of alcohol beverages or the density of on-premise alcohol outlets. Particularly alcohol use in public settings such as bars, discos or in parks (compared with private settings such as the home) is associated with alcohol-related harm, including injuries or violence. Being a single parent versus nuclear family has no effect on alcohol use, but active parenting does. Besides parenting, religiousness is an important protective factor for both legal and illegal substance use. Merely informing young men about the risks of substance use may not be an effective preventive measure. At-risk users of licit and illicit substances are more health literate, e. g., for example, they seek out more information on the internet than non-at-risk-users or abstainers. Discussion: There are a number of risk and protective substance use factors, but their associations with substance use do not necessarily agree with those found outside Europe. In the United States, for example, heavy alcohol use in this age group commonly takes place in private settings, whereas in Switzerland it more often takes place in public settings. Other behaviors, such as the nonmedical use of prescription drugs, appear to be similar to those found overseas, which may show the need for targeted preventive actions. C-SURF findings point to the necessity of establishing European studies to identify factors for designing specific preventive actions.

Kirjoituksia hämärästä huoneesta

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Nesteytetyn maakaasun markkinat Itämeren alueella

Työ on kirjallisuustyö Itämeren alueen maakaasumarkkinoiden kehityksestä erityisesti nesteytetyn maakaasun osalta. Työssä käydään läpi alueen maakaasumarkkinoita sekä alueella käynnissä olevia nesteytetyn maakaasun terminaaliprojekteja. Työssä tarkastellaan nesteytetyn maakaasun osuutta Euroopan energiapolitiikan toteuttamisessa sekä Itämeren ympäristönäkökulmien saavuttamisessa.

La Internacionalització dels estudis = La internacionalización de los estudios = The internationalization of studies

Aquest article intenta definir, en primer lloc, el que s'entén per "internacionalització dels estudis". Després es dedica a fer una breu anàlisi dels currículums internacionals abans d'abordar la qüestió clau de les relacions entre la internacionalització dels estudis i la internacionalització institucional. L’última part tracta de l'avaluació de la internacionalització, primer en l'àmbit intern i després com a part de l'avaluació externa

Apunts entorn del procés d'internacionalització d'una universitat = Apuntes en torno al proceso de internacionalización de una universidad = Notes on the process of internationalizing a university

Comentari a la conferència de Guy Haug 'La internacionalització dels estudis'

La acreditación como mecanismo de garantía de la calidad : tendencias en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior.

Resumen tomado de la publicación. Monográfico con el título: El proceso de Bolonia : dinámicas y desafíos de la enseñanza superior en Europa a comienzos de una nueva época

Legislación europea y legislaciones nacionales.

Resumen tomado de la publicación. Monográfico con el título: Tiempos de cambio universitario en Europa

Sodium hydroxide enhances extractability and analysis of proanthocyanidins in ensiled sainfoin (onobrychis viciifolia)

Little information exists on the effects of ensiling on condensed tannins or proanthocyanidins. The acetone–butanol–HCl assay is suitable for measuring proanthocyanidin contents in a wide range of samples, silages included, but provides limited information on proanthocyanidin composition, which is of interest for deciphering the relationships between tannins and their bioactivities in terms of animal nutrition or health. Degradation with benzyl mercaptan (thiolysis) provides information on proanthocyanidin composition, but proanthocyanidins in several sainfoin silages have proved resistant to thiolysis. We now report that a pretreatment step with sodium hydroxide prior to thiolysis was needed to enable their analysis. This alkaline treatment increased their extractability from ensiled sainfoin and facilitated especially the release of larger proanthocyanidins. Ensiling reduced assayable proanthocyanidins by 29%, but the composition of the remaining proanthocyanidins in silage resembled that of the fresh plants.

Los censos de población en Internet

Incluye Bibliografía

Combined measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass in pp collisions at root s=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS experiments

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)