Innovative approach to building systems integration problems: Using systems theory, technological forecasting and scenario planning

Building services are worth about 2% GDP and are essential for the effective and efficient operations of the building. It is increasingly recognised that the value of a building is related to the way it supports the client organisation’s ongoing business operations. Building services are central to the functional performance of buildings and provide the necessary conditions for health, well-being, safety and security of the occupants. They frequently comprise several technologically distinct sub-systems and their design and construction requires the involvement of numerous disciplines and trades. Designers and contractors working on the same project are frequently employed by different companies. Materials and equipment is supplied by a diverse range of manufacturers. Facilities managers are responsible for operation of the building service in use. The coordination between these participants is crucially important to achieve optimum performance, but too often is neglected. This leaves room for serious faults. The need for effective integration is important. Modern technology offers increasing opportunities for integrated personal-control systems for lighting, ventilation and security as well as interoperability between systems. Opportunities for a new mode of systems integration are provided by the emergence of PFI/PPP procurements frameworks. This paper attempts to establish how systems integration can be achieved in the process of designing, constructing and operating building services. The essence of the paper therefore is to envisage the emergent organisational responses to the realisation of building services as an interactive systems network.

What does research say about the Special and General Relativity Theory Teaching?

Na literatura da área de Ensino de Física encontramos diversos argumentos em defesa da inclusão, nos currículos escolares do Ensino Médio, de conteúdos de Física Moderna e Contemporânea. A Teoria da Relatividade Especial e Geral (ao lado da Mecânica Quântica) é um dos pilares da Física Moderna. Consideramos significativo e oportuno obter um panorama da produção acadêmica sobre o ensino e aprendizagem deste tópico. Nosso objetivo é sintetizar os avanços, as convergências e sinalizar perspectivas, com o intuito de contribuir para um avanço e defesa dos trabalhos futuros. Assim, procuramos resposta para a questão: Quais as contribuições da pesquisa em Ensino de Física para que a Teoria da Relatividade Especial e Geral (TREG) possa ser abordada no Ensino Médio?

Nicholson's New carpenter's guide : being a complete book of lines for carpenters, joiners, cabinet-makers, and workmen in general : the theory and practice explained by numerous engravings.

Includes index.

The systems theory framework of career development and counseling: Connecting theory and practice

The practice of career counseling has been derived from principles of career theory and counseling theory. In recent times, the fields of both career and counseling theory have undergone considerable change. This article details the move toward convergence in career theory, and the subsequent development of the Systems Theory Framework in this domain. The importance of this development to connecting theory and practice in the field of career counseling is discussed.

Examining the strategy development process through the lens of complex adaptive systems theory

The development of strategy remains a debate for academics and a concern for practitioners. Published research has focused on producing models for strategy development and on studying how strategy is developed in organisations. The Operational Research literature has highlighted the importance of considering complexity within strategic decision making; but little has been done to link strategy development with complexity theories, despite organisations and organisational environments becoming increasingly more complex. We review the dominant streams of strategy development and complexity theories. Our theoretical investigation results in the first conceptual framework which links an established Strategic Operational Research model, the Strategy Development Process model, with complexity via Complex Adaptive Systems theory. We present preliminary findings from the use of this conceptual framework applied to a longitudinal, in-depth case study, to demonstrate the advantages of using this integrated conceptual model. Our research shows that the conceptual model proposed provides rich data and allows for a more holistic examination of the strategy development process. © 2012 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.

Basic Structure of the General Information Theory

The basic structure of the General Information Theory (GIT) is presented in the paper. The main divisions of the GIT are outlined. Some new results are pointed.

Kornai’s DRSE Theory Versus General Equilibrium Theory

János Kornai’s DRSE theory (Kornai, 2014) follows the ex post model philosophy which radically rejects the ex ante set of conditions laid down by the dominant neoclassical school and the stringent limits of equilibrium, and defines its own premises for the functioning of capitalist economy. In other words, the DRSE theory represents an extremely novel trend among the various schools of economics. The theory is still only a verbal model with the following supporting pillars as the immanent features of the capitalist system: dynamism, rivalry and the surplus economy. (The English name of the theory uses the initial letters of the terms Dynamism, Rivalry, Surplus Economy). The dominance of the surplus economy, that is, oversupply is replaced by monopolistic competition, uncertainty over the volume of demand, Schumpeterian innovation, dynamism, technological progress, creative destruction and increasing return to scale with rivalry between producers and service providers for markets. This paper aims to examine whether the DRSE theory can be formulated as a formal mathematical model. We have chosen a special route to do this: first we explore the unreal ex ante assumptions of general equilibrium theory (Walras, 1874; Neumann, 1945), and then we establish some of the possible connections between the premises of DRSE, which include the crucial condition that just like in biological evolution, there is no fixed steady state in the evolutionary processes of market economy, not even as a point of reference. General equilibrium theory and DRSE theory are compared in the focus of Schumpeterian evolutionary economics.

Cold War Legacies: Systems, Theory, Aesthetics

From futures research, pattern recognition algorithms, nuclear waste disposal and surveillance technologies, to smart weapons systems, contemporary fiction and art, this book shows that we are now living in a world imagined and engineered during the Cold War. Drawing on theorists such as Jean Baudrillard, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Luce Irigaray, Friedrich Kittler, Michel Serres, Peter Sloterdijk, Carl Schmitt, Bernard Stiegler and Paul Virilio this collection makes connections between Cold War material and conceptual technologies, as they relate to the arts, society, and culture.

Boundary weaving : the social structure and processes of organizational boundaries

Boundaries are an important field of study because they mediate almost every aspect of organizational life. They are becoming increasingly more important as organizations change more frequently and yet, despite the endemic use of the boundary metaphor in common organizational parlance, they are poorly understood. Organizational boundaries are under-theorized and researchers in related fields often simply assume their existence, without defining them. The literature on organizational boundaries is fragmented with no unifying theoretical basis. As a result, when it is recognized that an organizational boundary is "dysfunctional". there is little recourse to models on which to base remediating action. This research sets out to develop just such a theoretical model and is guided by the general question: "What is the nature of organizational boundaries?" It is argued that organizational boundaries can be conceptualised through elements of both social structure and of social process. Elements of structure include objects, coupling, properties and identity. Social processes include objectification, identification, interaction and emergence. All of these elements are integrated by a core category, or basic social process, called boundary weaving. An organizational boundary is a complex system of objects and emergent properties that are woven together by people as they interact together, objectifying the world around them, identifying with these objects and creating couplings of varying strength and polarity as well as their own fragmented identity. Organizational boundaries are characterised by the multiplicity of interconnections, a particular domain of objects, varying levels of embodiment and patterns of interaction. The theory developed in this research emerged from an exploratory, qualitative research design employing grounded theory methodology. The field data was collected from the training headquarters of the New Zealand Army using semi-structured interviews and follow up observations. The unit of analysis is an organizational boundary. Only one research context was used because of the richness and multiplicity of organizational boundaries that were present. The model arose, grounded in the data collected, through a process of theoretical memoing and constant comparative analysis. Academic literature was used as a source of data to aid theory development and the saturation of some central categories. The final theory is classified as middle range, being substantive rather than formal, and is generalizable across medium to large organizations in low-context societies. The main limitation of the research arose from the breadth of the research with multiple lines of inquiry spanning several academic disciplines, with some relevant areas such as the role of identity and complexity being addressed at a necessarily high level. The organizational boundary theory developed by this research replaces the typology approaches, typical of previous theory on organizational boundaries and reconceptualises the nature of groups in organizations as well as the role of "boundary spanners". It also has implications for any theory that relies on the concept of boundaries, such as general systems theory. The main contribution of this research is the development of a holistic model of organizational boundaries including an explanation of the multiplicity of boundaries . no organization has a single definable boundary. A significant aspect of this contribution is the integration of aspects of complexity theory and identity theory to explain the emergence of higher-order properties of organizational boundaries and of organizational identity. The core category of "boundary weaving". is a powerful new metaphor that significantly reconceptualises the way organizational boundaries may be understood in organizations. It invokes secondary metaphors such as the weaving of an organization's "boundary fabric". and provides managers with other metaphorical perspectives, such as the management of boundary friction, boundary tension, boundary permeability and boundary stability. Opportunities for future research reside in formalising and testing the theory as well as developing analytical tools that would enable managers in organizations to apply the theory in practice.

Buddhism and the earth : environmental thought in early Buddhist philosophy

Introduction Fundamental to the philosophy of Buddhism, is the insight that there is "unsatisfactohness" (dukkha) in the world and that it can be eliminated through the practice of the Noble Eight Fold Path. Buddhism also maintains that the world as we experience and entities that exist are bereft of any substantiality. Instead existence is manifest through dependent origination. All things are conditional; nothing is permanent. However, inherent in this dependent existence is the interconnectedness of all beings and their subjection to the cosmic law of karma. Part of cultivating the Eight Fold path includes a deep compassion for all other living things, 'trapped' within this cycle of dependent origination. This compassion or empathy (karuna) is crucial to the Buddhist path to enlightenment. It is this emphasis on karuna that shows itself in Mahayana Buddhism with respect to the theory of the boddhisatva (or Buddha-to-be) since the boddhisatva willingly postpones his/her own enlightenment to help others on the same path. One of the ramifications of the theory of dependent origination is that there is no anthropocentric bias placed on humans over the natural world. Paradoxically the doctrine of non-self becomes an ontology within Buddhism, culminating in the Mayahana realization that a common boundary exists between samsara and nirvana. Essential to this ontology is the life of dharma or a moral life. Ethics is not separated from ontology. As my thesis will show, this basic outlook of Buddhism has implications toward our understanding of the Buddhist world-view with respect to the current human predicament concerning the environment. While humans are the only ones who can 4 attain "Buddhahood", it is because of our ability to understand what it means to follow the Eight fold path and act accordingly. Because of the interconnectedness of all entities {dharmas), there is an ontological necessity to eliminate suffering and 'save the earth' because if we allow the earth to suffer, we ALL suffer. This can be understood as an ethical outlook which can be applied to our interaction with and treatment of the natural environment or environment in the broadest sense, not just trees plants rocks etc. It is an approach to samsara and all within it. It has been argued that there is no ontology in Buddhism due to its doctrine of "non-self". However, it is a goal of this thesis to argue that there does exist an original ontology in Buddhism; that according to it, the nature of Being is essentially neither "Being nor non-being nor not non-being" as illustrated by Nagarjuna. Within this ontology is engrained an ethic or 'right path' (samma marga) that is fundamental to our being and this includes a compassionate relationship to our environment. In this dissertation I endeavour to trace the implications that the Buddhist worldview has for the environmental issues that assail us in our age of technology. I will explore questions such as: can the Buddhist way of thinking help us comprehend and possibly resolve the environmental problems of our day and age? Are there any current environmental theories which are comparable to or share common ground with the classical Buddhist doctrines? I will elucidate some fundamental doctrines of early Buddhism from an environmental perspective as well as identify some comparable modern environmental theories such as deep ecology and general systems theory, that seem to share in the wisdom of classical Buddhism and have much to gain from a deeper appreciation of Buddhism.

Une perspective wébérienne sur l'influence du droit dans le contexte du divorce selon les pratiques des avocats et des médiateurs

Dans cette thèse de sociologie du droit, nous étudions l'influence du droit de l'État sur les sujets de droit. Notre hypothèse générale est que les intermédiaires du droit de l'État contribuent de façon importante à façonner le« rapport au droit» des sujets de droit. C'est-à-dire qu'ils auraient une incidence sur la construction de la relation d'influence du droit sur ces acteurs sociaux et, par là, un effet marqué sur la « légitimité empirique » du droit. Par leurs pratiques professionnelles les intermédiaires du droit auraient une incidence notable, quoique non exclusive, sur les formes concrètes de «rapports au droit» des sujets de droit. Dans l'étude de ce phénomène, nous comparons empiriquement les liens existant entre différents « rapports au droit » des sujets de droit et un droit caractérisé par une rationalité juridique fort différente selon qu'il aurait été porté par un avocat ou un médiateur. Ces deux groupes de professionnels sont les intermédiaires du droit qui font 1’objet de notre observation, laquelle n'est ni générale, ni globale, mais spécifique au divorce, géographiquement localisée à Montréal et historiquement située au début des années 1990. L'intérêt de cette période pour une étude de l'influence du droit sur les sujets de droit est qu'elle constitue un moment unique de l'histoire à Montréal. À cette époque, les différences entre les pratiques professionnelles des avocats et des médiateurs auraient été les plus extrêmes, ce qui favorise un travail de comparaison d'autant plus éclairant. En effet, au début des années 1990, après une dizaine d'années d'expérience, le Service de médiation à la famille de Montréal avait réussi à assurer une solide pratique professionnelle. Par ailleurs, la pratique professionnelle des avocats dans le domaine du divorce était déjà fort « modernisée », mais elle demeurait encore très peu influencée par la médiation familiale. Puisque le « rapport au droit » des personnes qui ont consulté ces intermédiaires du droit en vue de leur divorce est au cœur de 1 'étude, c'est auprès d'eux que nous avons réalisé des entretiens, et c'est l'analyse de ces entretiens qui permet de comprendre leur « rapport au droit». La sociologie de Max Weber est la perspective scientifique dans laquelle nous avons inscrit notre recherche. Une telle ambition exigeait que nous ne restions pas confinée aux seuls concepts les plus populaires. Par conséquent, une partie importante de cette thèse est consacrée à une présentation substantielle de la sociologie wébérienne. Sur cette base, nous avons construit notre stratégie d'enquête et nos instruments d'analyse idéal typiques. Non seulement il n'y a pas, chez Weber, de théorie systémique générale composée de lois explicatives des relations sociales, mais il n'y a pas non plus de modèle de cadre d'analyse particulier préfabriqué qui serait constitué comme un «prêt-à-porter» applicable en vue de réaliser des recherches empiriques, que ce soit dans le domaine du droit ou dans n'importe quel autre domaine d'activité humaine. En revanche, la sociologie wébérienne fournit plusieurs séries de repères conceptuels. Ils permettent d'organiser la recherche empirique sans jamais limiter les objets d'enquêtes possibles, ni l'imagination du chercheur, en autant que celui-ci a pour but de comprendre l'action sociale en l'interprétant et, par-là, de l'expliquer causalement dans son déroulement et ses effets. C'est là le projet de connaissance que Weber désigne par « sociologie ». Il vise ce projet de connaissance, non pas de manière générale et globale, mais toujours de manière particulière selon les domaines d'activité, les lieux, les époques, les sphères de valeurs, etc. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons un cadre d'analyse qui peut servir à poser et à approfondir toutes sortes de questions sur le droit et son influence, sans jamais qu'il soit considéré comme un système de lois à la manière du droit positif. Ce cadre d'analyse vise à appréhender le droit comme une sorte de relation sociale que l'on peut comprendre sociologiquement en considérant, notamment, les représentations juridiques des différentes catégories d'acteurs sociaux. C'est là la première, non pas la seule, condition à rencontrer en vue de respecter les exigences de la connaissance empirique du droit parce que le « droit empirique » ne se trouve pas dans la règle de droit positif. Il se trouve là où il est « porté » par des êtres humains et, en particulier, par des groupes d'humains qui détiennent une importante dose d'influence sociale. Nous souhaitons que cette étude, grâce à 1 'immense apport de la sociologie de Max Weber, contribue à la compréhension sociologique d'un aspect du « droit empirique» de l’État contemporain.