NORDEK : A Plan for Increased Nordic Economic Co-operation and Integration 1968-1970

For the first time the attempt of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden to increase Nordic economic co-operation and integration (NORDEK 1968-1970) is analysed by using records from the four governments archives and interviews with central actors participating. A dominating argument has until now been that dynamics in Nordic economic integration is different from dynamics in European integration. This archive based study disproves the myth however of ideological Nordism and of short term political developments outside Norden as most important for the NORDEK initiative. The NORDEK initiative was actually more a consequence of a long term socioeconomic and socio-political path dependant process. The study also disproves the myth that the NORDEK plan was a political and ideological symbol without socioeconomic substance. The purpose with NORDEK was to create a better basis for generating economic growth and social welfare. The proposed NORDEK institutions were therefore developed to promote economic progress. The study finally shows that the NORDEK failure in 1970 was not a result of lacking economic rationale or incompatible economic interests. The failure was a result of a power struggle in Finnish domestic policy and lacking political will in the other Nordic countries to continue without Finland.

Construing and Defining the Out of Control : Addiction in the Media 1968-2008.

The four scientific articles comprising this doctoral dissertation offer new information on the presentation and construction of addiction in the mass media during the period 1968 - 2008. Diachronic surveys as well as quantitative and qualitative content analyses were undertaken to discern trends during the period in question and to investigate underlying conceptions of the problems in contemporary media presentations. The research material for the first three articles consists of a sample of 200 texts from Finland s biggest daily newspaper, Helsingin Sanomat, from the period 1968 - 2006. The fourth study examines English-language tabloid material published on the Internet in 2005 - 2008. A number of principal trends are identified. In addition to a significant increase in addiction reporting over time, the study shows that an internalisation of addiction problems took place in the media presentations under study. The phenomenon is portrayed and tackled from within the problems themselves, often from the viewpoint of the individuals concerned. The tone becomes more personal, and technical and detailed accounts are more and more frequent. Secondly, the concept of addiction is broadened. This can be dated to the 1990s. The concept undergoes a conventionalisation: it is used more frequently in a manner that is not thought to require explanation. The word riippuvuus (the closest equivalent to addiction in Finnish) was adopted more commonly in the reporting at the same time, in the 1990s. Thirdly, the results highlight individual self-governance as a superordinate principle in contemporary descriptions of addiction. If the principal demarcation in earlier texts was between us and them , it is now focused primarily on the individual s competence and ability to govern the self, to restrain and master one's behaviour. Finally, in the fourth study investigating textual constructions of female celebrities (Amy Winehouse, Britney Spears and Kate Moss) in Internet tabloids, various relations and functions of addiction problems, intoxication, body and gender were observed to function as cultural symbols. Addiction becomes a sign, or a style, that represents different significations in relation to the main characters in the tabloid stories. Tabloids, as a genre, play an important role by introducing other images of the problems than those featured in mainstream media. The study is positioned within the framework of modernity theory and its views on the need for self-reflexivity and biographies as tools for the creation and definition of the self. Traditional institutions such as the church, occupation, family etc. no longer play an important role in self-definition. This circumstance creates a need for a culture conveying stories of success and failure in relation to which the individual can position their own behaviour and life content. I propose that addiction , as a theme in media reporting, resolves the conflict that emanates from the ambivalence between the accessibility and the individualisation of consumer society, on the one hand, and the problematic behavioural patterns (addictions) that they may induce, on the other.

Phytoplankton succession from 1968 to 1990 in the subarctic Lokka reservoir

Tiivistelmä: Kasviplanktonin kehitys vuosina 1968-1990 subarktisessa Lokan tekoaltaassa

Silva Fennica Vol. 2. 1968.

Julkaistu Silva Fennica Vol. 3(1) -numeron liitteenä.

Ühis- ning erijooni Soome ja Eesti Kaitseliitude puhkpillimuusikas aastatel 1925-1934.

This study focuses on the similarities and differences between the Estonian Defence League and the Finnish Civil Guard brass bands during the period 1925-1934. By 1934 this paramilitary volunteer state defence organisation had reached stability in its development, such that social, cultural and patriotic education of the people - with the help of brass band music among other means- had acquired a significant role, in addition to prioritised military and sports activities. The study begins with introductory paragraphs I and II, which describes the founding of the organisations, their participation in the Wars of Independence and their subsequent peace time activities as well as their representation in the media at the time. The thesis also briefly introduces military music in Finland and Estonia, as well as describes the influence of military music on the Defence League brass bands. The period under review includes the global economic crisis, which undoubtedly concerned the Defence League/Civil Guard and the Lapua and War of Independence movements, which greatly affected the apolitical principles of the organisations. The main emphasis of the thesis is the Defence League/Civil Guard brass band`s musical activities in two counties - Etelä-Pohjanmaa and Pärnumaa, while also including a general overview of the Estonian Defence League brass bands´ activities. One of the most important benefits of the thesis is its introduction of the brass band repertoire in use at the time, which was played by both professional and as well as amateur orchestras the latter of which also included the brass bands of the Defence League/Civil Guard and the Fire Services. Brass band music held a secondary, yet significant position in the Defence League/Civil Guard, where the orchestra as a musical grouping was obliged to perform not only at inner-organisational and national celebrations but also at any event requiring brass band music, such as song festivals, singing days, and other local cultural events. The professional preparation of the band conductors at the beginning of the period under review was not well specialised, but the training of the Defence League/Civil Defence brass band conductors was carried out regularly in both republic according to the opportunities and dedicated training programmes available. The musicians of the Defence League/Civil Defence brass bands were at the same time members of the military organisations as well as amateur musicians, which placed upon them extra demands - they were under close public supervision in all situations. Based on the principle of chronology it appeared that both Finnish and Estonian respective organisations´ brass bands used the gradually improving economic situation for purchasing musical instruments, obtaining repertoire and training musicians/conductors. Despite the fact that brass band music in the Defence League/Civil Guard was considered an amateur activity and a hobby, the more far-reaching objective of the organisation was to resemble the Defence Forces´ orchestras as closely as possible in all aspects. The Defence League/Civil Guard brass band music definitely had a significant influence on forming, developing and enriching music life in both republics. The reviewed nine-year period introduced the musical activities of the Defence League/Civil Guard against the background of the everyday life of the organisation and the need for brass band music and its continuity in the voluntary state defence institutions of both republics.

Sapientia, 1968, Vol. XXIII, nº 87 (número completo)

Contenido: El irracionalismo en la cultura actual / Octavio N. Derisi – Continuidad de la materia / J. E. Bolzán – Notas sobre la creatio de nihilo en Juan Escoto Eriúgena (primera parte) / Gustavo A. Piemonte – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

Sapientia, 1968, Vol. XXIII, nº 88 (número completo)

Contenido: Imposibilidad de la Teología sin la Filosofía / Octavio N. Derisi – Santo Tomás de Aquino y nuestra situación intelectual / Adolfo Muñoz Alonso – Dinámica de la integración material / J. E. Bolzán – Notas sobre la creatio de nihilo en Juan Escoto Eriúgena (conclusión) / Gustavo A. Piemonte – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

Entrevista a Osvaldo Santagada, una "biobibliografía"

En esta publicación número 100 de la revista Teología hemos decidido entrevistar a Osvaldo Domingo Bonifacio Santagada, quien tanto ha hecho en favor de nuestra Facultad de Teología como por su revista. Nacido en Buenos Aires, el 17 de julio de 1934, es sacerdote diocesano del clero de la Arquidiócesis de Buenos Aires. Se doctoró en Teología en la Universidad Católica Argentina, en 1965. Comenzó la docencia en la Facultad de Teología de la UCA en 1968. Llegando a ser, a partir de 1976, Profesor Ordinario de la Facultad de Teología.

Mons. Enrique Angelelli, obispo de La Rioja (1968-1976) : recepción diocesana de su muerte: testimonios y valoraciones

Resumen: Este aporte intenta lograr una mirada sincrónica de la tragedia que se llevó de este mundo a Mons. Enrique Angelelli. La trama humana en su conjunto se desarrolla entre tristezas y alegrías y, también, lógicamente, la historia de la Iglesia posee los mismos condimentos. Pero, la clave está en la luz con la cual miramos estos acontecimientos que, en este caso, no sólo será científica o meramente sociológica sino, fundamentalmente, teológica. Así, al recoger los testimonios del pueblo de Dios, presentamos un hecho histórico reflejado a través del prisma de la fe.

Teología, 1968, Tomo VI nº 013 (número completo)

Presentación / Juan F. Radrizzani -- Interpretación cristiana de los signos de los tiempos en América Latina / Eduardo F. Pironio -- Eucaristía y vida cotidiana / Lucio Gera -- El diálogo y la Verdad / Eduardo Briancesco -- La Iglesia: de los Hechos de los Apóstoles al Vaticano II / Féliz Casa -- Posibilidades de aplicar la “capacidad creadora” al Plan de Pastoral / Justino O´Farrell -- La consagración episcopal de Medrano en el Brasil (1830) / Américo Tonda -- Instauración del diaconado permanente en América Latina / Carmelo J. Giaquinta -- Primera Semana nacional de Teología Estanislao Karlic -- Crónica de la Facultad de Teología -- Notas bibliográficas -- Libros recibidos

Sapientia, 1968, Vol. XXIII, nº 89 (número completo)

Contenido: Espíritu y esquematismo / Octavio N. Derisi – Preeminencia del individuo-especie total / J. E. Bolzán – La división de los conceptos en la lógica formal / Augusto Furlán – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

Sapientia, 1968, Vol. XXIII, nº 90 (número completo)

Contenido: La ubicación de la inteligencia / Octavio N. Derisi – La libertad en la filosofía de la integralidad / Alberto Caturelli – Conocimiento y ser / José I. Alcorta – Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía

El XXXII Congreso Eucarístico Internacional en memoria de los 80 años de su celebración (1934- 2014)

Resumen: El Congreso Eucarístico Internacional de 1934 marcó un antes y un después en la Iglesia argentina. Al celebrar sus ochenta años es importante recordar algunas de las consideraciones canónicas que se tuvieron en cuenta para su realización, así como las consecuencias pastorales que tuvo en la Iglesia argentina.