Estilos de vida dos adolescentes e seus comportamentos desviantes e/ou delinquentes

A delinqu��ncia juvenil representa um problema social em crescimento e �� influenciada por um conjunto de fatores de risco muitas vezes presentes no estilo de vida dos jovens. Desta forma, a pertin��ncia deste estudo foca-se na compreens��o dos estilos de vida dos jovens e os comportamentos desviantes ou delinquentes para melhor compreender e intervir no combate �� delinqu��ncia. A amostra foi constitu��da por 80 participantes de ambos os sexos pertencentes �� localidade de Ponte de Lima. Para tal recorreu-se �� administra����o de um question��rio, constru��do para o efeito, e o qual contempla itens para a caracteriza����o sociodemogr��fica dos participantes, o seu funcionamento escolar/ocupacional e familiar, o estilo de vida e a ocupa����o de tempos livres e, por ��ltimo, procura-se caracterizar a frequ��ncia da pr��tica de certos comportamentos e desvios por parte dos adolescentes, nos ��ltimos 12 meses. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que apesar da maior parte dos jovens se revelarem satisfeitos com o seu ambiente familiar, uma percentagem n��o negligenci��vel caraterizou esse ambiente como razo��vel, apelando �� necessidade de haver mais tempo para a fam��lia e mais di��logo. Os relatos dos participantes apontam para a aus��ncia de supervis��o parental nas sa��das �� noite, falta de imposi����o de regras e tarefas di��rias. A maior parte dos participantes classificou o ambiente escolar como razo��vel, admitindo a exist��ncia de alguns conflitos com colegas, professores e funcion��rios, falta de h��bitos de estudo e atividades extracurriculares; a maior parte dos jovens admitiu realizar essencialmente atividades em grupos de pares, desde as sa��das �� noite como atividades de lazer; os comportamentos desviantes e delinquentes que mais se destacaram nos ��ltimos 12 meses foram o envolvimento em agress��es com colegas, professores e funcion��rios, o dano intencional de objetos de outra pessoa, e o download de filmes, m��sicas e documentos e o envolvimento em grupos de pares desviantes; os comportamentos delinquentes descritos foram a invas��o em propriedades privadas, os furtos, e o tr��fico de droga. O sexo masculino destacou-se na pr��tica de crimes. Os dados deste estudo apontam, assim para a necessidade de se apostar mais na preven����o precoce de comportamentos de risco, de forma a diminuir comportamentos desviantes ou delinquentes futuros.

Family Environment and Pediatric Major Depressive Disorder

Background: The risks for depression broadly include biological and environmental factors. Furthermore, having a family member suffering from major depression is also likely to have consequences for the family environment. Further research aimed at understanding the effects of having a child with major depression on family interaction patterns is warranted. Methods: We studied 31 families with an 8- to 17-year-old child (mean age +/- SD = 12.9 +/- 2.7 years) who met the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) and 34 families with no mentally ill children (mean age 8 SD = 12.6 +/- 2.9 years) or parents. Children and their parents were assessed with the K-SADS-PL (Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Present and Lifetime Version) interview. Parents completed the Moos Family Environment Scale (FES) to assess their perceptions of current family functioning. Data were analyzed using the nonparametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. Results: Families of MDD children showed significantly different patterns of family functioning on FES subscales representing relationships and personal growth dimensions. The families with MDD children showed higher levels of conflict (p < 0.001) and lower levels of cohesion (p < 0.001), expressiveness (p = 0.003) and active-recreational orientation (p = 0.02) compared to the families without mentally ill children. Conclusion: Families with MDD children show a lower degree of commitment, provide less support to one another, provide less encouragement to express feelings and have more conflicts compared to families with no mentally ill children or parents. Interventions aimed at improving family dynamics may be beneficial to MDD children and their families. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel

Family environment patterns in families with bipolar children

Background: We studied the characteristics of family functioning in bipolar children and healthy comparison children. We hypothesized that the family environment of bipolar children would show greater levels of dysfunction as measured by the Family Environment Scale (FES). Methods: We compared the family functioning of 36 families that included a child with DSM-IV bipolar disorder versus 29 comparison families that included only healthy children. All subjects and their parents were assessed with the K-SADS-PL interview. The parents completed the FES to assess their current family functioning. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare the family environment of families with and without offspring with bipolar disorder. Results: Parents of bipolar children reported lower levels of family cohesion (p<0.001), expressiveness (p=0.005), active-recreational orientation (p<0.001), intellectual-cultural orientation (p=0.04) and higher levels of conflict (p<0.001) compared to parents with no bipolar children. Secondary analyses within the bipolar group revealed lower levels of organization (p=0.03 1) and cohesion (p=0.014) in families where a parent had a history of mood disorders compared to families where parents had no history of mood disorders. Length of illness in the affected child was inversely associated with family cohesion (r=-0.47, p=0.004). Limitations: Due to the case-control design of the study, we cannot comment on the development of these family problems or attribute their cause specifically to child bipolar disorder. Conclusion: Families with bipolar children show dysfunctional patterns related to interpersonal interactions and personal growth. A distressed family environment should be addressed when treating children with bipolar disorder. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Transi����o para a vida independente de jovens com defici��ncia : pol��ticas p��blicas e pr��ticas de gest��o familiar

Apresenta����o realizada no Col��quio "Olhares sobre os Jovens em Portugal: saberes, pol��ticas, ac����es", a 2 de junho de 2011.

Qualidade de vida familiar e sua rela����o com o suporte social: perce����es dos cuidadores de crian��as com incapacidade

A crian��a com incapacidade �� parte integrante da sua fam��lia, devendo as suas necessidades ser contempladas conjuntamente com as dos restantes elementos familiares (Dunst, Trivette & Deal, 1994). A abordagem da Qualidade de Vida Familiar (QVF) �� a express��o da mudan��a de paradigma na presta����o de servi��os a pessoas com incapacidade, de um foco de suporte na crian��a para um foco familiar (Turnbull et al. 2007 citados por Samuel, Rillotta & Brown, 2012), tendo como objetivo assegurar suportes adequados ��s necessidades das fam��lias, permitindo-lhes tomar decis��es ajustadas a si e ��s suas crian��as com incapacidade e garantindo o empowerment familiar (Brown & Brown, 2004a). O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a satisfa����o dos cuidadores de crian��as com incapacidade intelectual com a QVF e determinar a adequabilidade dos recursos �� disposi����o das fam��lias, de modo a analisar a associa����o entre estas vari��veis. As fam��lias reportaram n��veis de satisfa����o elevados com a QVF e boa adequa����o dos recursos, existindo rela����o entre os mesmos e a QVF. Verificaram-se correla����es significativas entre as habilita����es acad��micas e zona de resid��ncia e a QVF, com cuidadores com habilita����es acad��micas superiores e a residirem em zonas rurais a percecionarem maior satisfa����o a esse n��vel. Os cuidadores com rendimentos superiores identificaram maior adequa����o dos recursos, existindo correla����o positiva entre o rendimento e os recursos da fam��lia. Dadas as escassas investiga����es nacionais relacionadas com a QVF de fam��lias de crian��as com incapacidade, ser��o necess��rios estudos futuros que incidam sobre a tem��tica, com amostras de maior dimens��o e diversidade.

Variations in fathers' discourse on fatherhood and in family alliances during infancy

The aim of this pilot study is to analyse the discourse of fathers of toddlers concerning fatherhood and the link between some particularities in the discourse and family alliance. The sample consists of 13 Swiss first time fathers (5 fathers of girls and 8 of boys). In order to evaluate the paternal discourse, the fathers were given a semi-structured interview, which was later analysed using the research package Alceste. The family alliance, i.e., the degree of coordination among the partners when executing a task together, was assessed through the Lausanne Trilogue Play (Fivaz-Depeursinge &amp; Corboz-Warnery, 1999). The main results indicated an interesting link between classes of paternal discourse grouped around the following themes "affective relationship", "daily routine" and "educational goals", and the family alliance (defined in two major categories; functional and problematic alliances). Finally, clinical perspectives on links between paternal representations and family functioning at an interactive level are discussed

Family interactions in IVF families: change over the transition to parenthood

Objective: This article presents a study of the change over time in the family interactions of couples who conceived through in-vitro fertilisation (IVF). Background: Observational methods are rarely used to study family interactions in families who used assisted reproductive techniques, but these methods are crucial for taking account of the communication that occurs in interactions with infants. Methods: Thirty-one couples expecting their first child were seen during the fifth month of pregnancy and when the child was nine months old. Family interactions were recorded in pre- and postnatal versions of the Lausanne Trilogue Play situation. Measures of marital satisfaction and parent-to-foetus/baby attachment or 'bonding' were also used to assess family relational dynamics. Results: Results showed that family alliance, marital satisfaction and parental attachment scores in the IVF sample were all similar to or higher than those in the reference sample during pregnancy. However, at nine months postnatally, the family alliance scores were lower. While marital satisfaction decreased over the period and parent-baby attachment increased, the family alliance scores were unstable, as no association was observed between the pre- and postnatal scores. In addition, neither prenatal marital satisfaction nor parent-foetus attachment predicted the postnatal family alliance. Conclusion: The change in the family alliance over the transition to parenthood appears to be specific to our IVF sample. Given that postnatal family functioning could not be predicted by prenatal family functioning, our observational data underline the importance of offering postnatal support to these families.

Mental health of internally displaced preschool children: a cross-sectional study conducted in Bogot��, Colombia

A causa de los conflictos armados, como el de Colombia, se han desplazado por la fuerza a millones de personas, entre ellas una importante parte de la poblaci��n infantil. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la salud mental de los ni��os desplazados internos en edad preescolar en Bogot�� Colombia, e identificar los determinantes de la salud mental en estos ni��os. M��todos: Estudio transversal realizado entre 279 ni��os que asisten a cuatro jardines infantiles en un barrio marginal de Bogot��. La salud mental infantil se evalu�� con el instrumento validado de Comportamiento Infantil (CBCL) 1,5-5 a��os, aplicados a padres y cuidadores. Se realizo un an��lisis univariado y multivariado de regresi��n log��stica para evaluar la asociaci��n entre el desplazamiento y la salud mental de los ni��os y para identificar las relaciones con la salud mental en los ni��os desplazados. Resultados: los Ni��os desplazados (n = 90) se identificaron con m��s frecuencia sobre los puntos de corte l��mite para las escalas CBCL que los no desplazados (n = 189) (por ejemplo, problemas totales 46,7 vs 22,8%;p \ 0,001). La asociaci��n entre el desplazamiento y la presencia de problemas CBCL totales se mantuvo despu��s del ajuste por factores socio-demogr��ficos (OR Ajustado 3.3 del 95%: 1,5; 6,9). Donde la salud mental del cuidador explica en parte la asociaci��n. En los ni��os desplazados, la salud mental del cuidador (p \ 0,01) y el funcionamiento familiar (p \ 0,01) se asociaron independientemente con la salud mental de los ni��os. La exposici��n a eventos traum��ticos y el apoyo social tambi��n se asociaron con la salud mental del ni��o, sin embargo, las asociaciones no fueron independientes. Conclusi��n: En este barrio marginal de Bogot��, los ni��os en edad preescolar registrados como desplazados internos presentan peor salud mental que los no desplazados. El funcionamiento familiar y la salud mental del cuidador fueron fuerte e independientemente asociados con la salud mental de los ni��os y ni��as desplazados.

Fam��lias com desenvolvimento funcional e disfuncional : valida����o das escalas diagn��sticas faces iii, beavers-timberlawn e escala global do funcionamento internacional (garf)

Realizou-se um estudo transversal de aplica����o de tr��s escalas americanas diagn��sticas do funcionamento familiar (FACES III, Beavers-Timberlawn e GARF) em trinta e uma fam��lias, examinadas na cl��nica, visando sua valida����o, em nosso meio, em rela����o ao padr��o-ouro da avalia����o cl��nica, feita atrav��s de entrevista familiar semi-estruturada. Tamb��m estudou-se o comportamento da escala auto-respondida FACES III em cento e duas fam��lias da comunidade. Os resultados em rela����a ao FACES III mostraram uma correla����o linear positiva, mas baixa, entre a coes��o familiar e risco para doen��a mental. N��o apareceu correla����o estatisticamente significativa em rela����o �� adaptabilidade. Os achados confirmam os resultados publicados recentemente na literatura de que o FACES III �� um instrumento que n��o traduz o modelo circumplexo de funcionamento familiar de Olson. As escalas Beavers-Timberlawn e GARF tiveram como resultado correla����o positiva e alta com a avalia����o cl��nica, demonstrando grande utilidade na formula����o e classifica����o do diagn��stico do funcionamento familiar.

Estresse, qualidade de vida e percep����o de suporte familiar em porteiros

P��s-gradua����o em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

Fam��lias com g��meos: um estudo sobre o relacionamento fraterno e a din��mica das rela����es familiares

P��s-gradua����o em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

La governance della societ�� di capitale a base familiare: "Protocolo Familiar" e Patti di Famiglia

Family businesses have acquired a very specific gravity in the economy of occidental countries, generating most of the employment and the richness for the last ages. In Spain Family Businesses represent the 65% about the total of enterprises with 1,5 million companies. They give employment to 8 million people, the 80% of the private employment and develop the 65% of the Spanish GNP (Gross National Product). Otherwise, the family business needs a complete law regulation that gives satisfaction to their own necessities and challenges. These companies have to deal with national or international economic scene to assure their permanency and competitiveness. In fact, the statistics about family companies have a medium life of 35 years. European family businesses success their successor process between a 10 and 25%. It������s said: first generation makes, second generation stays, third generation distributes. In that sense, the Recommendation of the European Commission of December 7���� 1994 about the succession of the small and medium companies has reformed European internal orders according to make easier successor process and to introduce practices of family companies������ good government. So, the Italian law, under the 14th Law, February 2006, has reformed its Covil Code, appearing a new concept, called ������Patto di famiglia������, wich abolish the prohibition as laid dwon in the 458 article about successors������ agreements, admitting the possibility that testator guarantees the continuity of the company or of the family society, giving it, totally or in part, to one or various of its descendents. On other hand, Spain has promulgated the 17th Royal Decree (9th February 2007), that governs the publicity of family agreements (Protocolos familiars). These ������protocolo familiar������ (Family Agreement) are known as accord of wills, consented and accepted unanimously of all the family members and the company, taking into account recommendations and practices of family company������s good government.

Parenting Pioneers and Parenting Teams: Strengthening Extended Family Ties in Family Support

Starting with the premise that extended family members often have great influence on family functioning, this article describes social work practice techniques for helping families utilize resources available in the extended family network. Two key concepts are presented: "parenting pioneers," who, while attempting newly learned parenting skills, may struggle with resistance from extended family members; and "parenting teams," in which the focal family is giving to or receiving from extended family members substantial family support. The article presents these practice techniques in the context of family support services, which are characterized as voluntary, preventive, developmental, and based in the concept of empowerment and the ecological perspective.

A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Evaluating Family Preservation Programs

The current study evaluates the effectiveness of family preservation programs funded by the Mississippi Department of Human Services. This venture encompassed scrutiny and assessment of improvements in child functioning, positive changes in parental functioning and family functioning and the decrease in foster care placement. Further, this evaluation assessed client and staff satisfaction. It also included an assessment of the perceived impact this program had on the community. Results indicate that the family preservation programs were effective in improving the self-esteem of participants, family cohesion, and adaptability. There were no significant changes in child placement, teen births, or abuse rates. Client and staff satisfaction were high on all quality dimensions. The majority of the sample of community members felt that the family preservation programs were effective in the community.