A interpretação dos sintagmas nominais com adjetivos atributivos por alunos de inglês instrumental

This present work has as objective to analyze the interpretation of the syntactic and semantic meaning performed by third graders in the nominal groups (NGs) with attributive adjectives in the English language in a text of the final exam in the ESP (English for Specific Purposes) discipline. The corpus is made up of 30 exams of two classes from a third grade institution of the biomedical area, corresponding to the basic and advanced levels of the second term in 2006. The text has 24 NGs of different lexical content, a total of 27 NGs in the whole text summing up to 810 analyzed occurrences. The analysis is carried out at the morphologic, syntactic and semantic levels using as theoretical background the traditional and functional grammars (QUIRK et al, 1985; CELSE-MURCIA et al, 1998; TUCKER, 1998), in their semantic aspects, the Semantics (FRAWLEY, 1992) and the Cognitive Linguistics (TAYLOR, 2002). We concluded that the main difficulties were due to the lack of vocabulary and to the use of mother tongue strategies instead of using the top-down strategies for reading a text in English to compensate this gap. We also observed that even when the vocabulary was known, there were difficulties in establishing the semantic and syntactic relations between modifier and noun head. We suggested improvements for the teaching of reading English texts at the third grade grounded in the obtained results such as a more comprehensive study of the several different morphologic and syntactic structures of the NGs with premodifiers and their semantic consequences, an approach of the morphologic, syntactic and semantic aspects of the NGs and the use of both top-down and bottom-up strategies when reading a NG in the English language

Competência leitora e ensino de Geografia

Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT

Avaliação da compreensão escrita de alunos surdos do ensino fundamental maior

Esta pesquisa, que tem por pano de fundo a problemática da inclusão dos surdos na escola, volta-se mais especificamente para a avaliação da proficiência em leitura desses alunos no Ensino Fundamental maior, com o objetivo de identificar as habilidades de leitura que os alunos surdos melhor dominam e as dificuldades encontradas por eles no tocante à apropriação da modalidade escrita da língua portuguesa. Para essa pesquisa, foi realizado um estudo de caso com três alunos surdos dos 6º e 9º anos da rede regular de ensino em uma escola municipal inclusiva de Castanhal (PA). Como instrumento de análise de sua competência leitora foi feito um recorte da prova do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Básica. Para a coleta de dados o teste foi aplicado três vezes: uma primeira vez sem nenhum tipo de interação com os alunos; uma segunda em que a pesquisadora pediu aos alunos que justificassem suas respostas para elucidar melhor suas estratégias de leitura. Na última aplicação, foram usados dois itens do teste traduzidos para LIBRAS, para verificar se, dessa forma, a compreensão do texto seria mais elevada. Pretendia-se, com isso, propor pistas para a realização de uma avaliação diagnóstica dos alunos surdos, contribuindo assim para uma melhor orientação dentro das escolas inclusivas que supostamente adotam a proposta bilíngue. Porém os resultados obtidos evidenciaram uma realidade alarmante, na qual os alunos investigados apresentam um nível de leitura abaixo do esperado para a série na qual estão matriculados e não dominam nenhuma das capacidades identificadas nos oito descritores do teste. Na tentativa de ler, os alunos utilizam estratégias como “caça-palavras”, não relacionam o comando de questão com o texto e fazem poucas inferências, entre outros problemas. Esses resultados mostram o quanto são nefastas as consequências de uma inclusão feita sem uma avaliação diagnóstica da competência linguageira efetiva dos surdos, tanto em LIBRAS quanto em língua portuguesa. A reflexão fundamenta-se em estudos relativos à educação do surdo, em particular no que diz respeito à leitura da criança surda, ao acesso a LIBRAS e à escola bilingue, com base em autores como Quadros (1997), Gesser (2009) Pereira (2009), Lopes (2004), Reily (2004), Salles (2004). Também são apresentados conceitos de leitura e modelos psicolinguísticos da construção do sentido, com apoio em especialistas da leitura ou em ensino/aprendizagem de língua, tais como Smith (1989), Kleiman (1985), Moita Lopes (1996), Soares (1998) e Rojo (1999). Finalmente, a reflexão sobre a avaliação da aprendizagem, com especial atenção para as competências de leitura busca apoio em estudiosos como Perrenoud (1999), Luckesi (2006), Hoffmann (2009), Marcuschi (2004) e Suassuna (2007), entre outros.

O contexto profissional do indexador no ensino de indexação

It is proposed the search of teaching methodology with socio-cognitive approach to present teaching strategies that simulate the experience of professional context that is propitious to work out the tasks of subject analysis for the indexing of documents. Taking into account the contact of the learner indexers with the actual professional context, the proposals of Fourie Portfolio (2002) and Hjørland (2002) principle of the information science social context were applied in the discipline “Indexing” at UNESP Librarianship course in Marília, SP, Brazil. The results taken from this research on teaching strategies in documentary reading show that the methodological and theoretical knowledge, in socio-cognitive perspective, provide a view of a professional context in which the learner indexer is conscious of his strategies of documentary reading and can develop his previous professional knowledge in order to accomplish the indexing tasks compatible to the user informational demand.

Formação do leitor: projeto educativo e constituição humana

The discussion about reading as a cultural practice is a requirement that points to the school relevance to take itself as a social space of meanings construction and the need to use methodologies that focus on the knowledge construction process and the individual development in considering the teaching dynamics that encourage the strategies discovery for individual and collective work, facilitating that human culture object appropriation . The focus is on the relationships in the classroom and school context mediated by language to written language acquisition, with emphasis on reading. This study intends to contribute for the refl ection on the pedagogical implications derived from the organization of a teaching context, intentionally aimed at the teaching organization of reading strategies in the written language acquisition process. The hypothesis is that the reading strategies contribute to the contexts organization with pedagogical coherent and to the competent reader formation during the education act. The studies are based on Brazilian educators Girotto; SOUZA, 2010) and on North American educators (HAMPTON & Resnick, 2008; OWOCKI, 2003; WEDWICH & Wutz, 2008; HARVEY AND GOUDVINS, 2007), with the action research methodology.

A recepção do gênero conto em No castelo que se vai, de Marina Colasanti

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAR

A competência leitora de alunos do ensino fundamental: uma proposta de intervenção

Reading is a activity of paramount importance in the life of every human being, since this practice is essential condition for the exercise of citizenship. Therefore, it is through reading that the student has access to the knowledge that part of the world around him. However, given the complexity involved in the process of learning to read, teach students to read is not an easy task because often they do not acquire the skills necessary to understand the texts. According to this view, the present study focuses on an educational intervention who aim at contribut to the development of reading competence of students in 6th grade "U" of the State School Senador José Bernardo, in São João do Sabugi - RN. The activities which were of that intervention process were conducted in Portuguese Language classroom and developed through didactic sequences drawn from reading strategies, based on the genres tale and news, since students had serious problems with regard to reading comprehension. Given the importance of meeting the aforementioned difficulty, we seek to develop a proposal for interactive reading activities through genres as a language of social practices, whose goal aimed read to understand and make sense of texts. This intervention proposal falls under the Applied Linguistics and to perform it, were taken as a basis some theories focused on the notion of language as sociointerativa practice, such as studies of Bakhtin (2006, 2011), Bronckart (2012) and targeted contributions to the teaching of reading activity, including, Solé (1998), Oliveira (2010), Kleiman (2013), Leffa (1996, 1999), Silveira (2005). Discussions about genres followed the studies of Bakhtin (2011), Marcuschi (2008), as well as other theoretical; the didactic sequences were constructed from Bronckart (2012), Dolz; Noverraz; Schneuwly (2013) and, with regard to the teaching of Portuguese Language, the guidelines were adopted contained in PCN / LP (1998), as well as in Antunes (2003, 2009) and other authors. The results showed that students in the 6th grade increased their understanding capacity of the read texts, by implementing the didactic and pedagogical actions, thereby acquiring the reading competence they needed to keep learning.

Leitura - Dificuldades de aprendizagem, ensino e estratégias para o desenvolvimento de competências

O domínio da leitura é de extrema importância para as aprendizagens escolares. Um número significativo de alunos apresenta, no entanto, dificuldades de aprendizagem específicas (DAE) ao nível da leitura, que interferem com o processo global de ensino e aprendizagem. O presente artigo pretende rever os factores associados às DAE de leitura e apresentar estratégias que promovem o ensino eficaz e o domínio desta competência, nomeadamente, ao nível da consciência fonémica e da fluência da leitura, indicando metodologias e actividades que podem ser desenvolvidas em contexto de sala de aula.

Da leitura à escrita: as estratégias de compreensão leitora na melhoria da escrita de textos narrativos

Relatório de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de mestre em Ensino dos 1.º e 2.º Ciclos do Ensino Básico

A leitura dos enunciados dos problemas matemáticos e as estratégias para a resolução por alunos do 9º ano do ensino fundamental

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

A comunicação pública e o desenvolvimento e difusão da leitura no Brasil: estratégias da campanha 'Mãe, lê pra mim' do insituito Pré Livro

As transformações que tornam a sociedade mais complexa, configuradas na Sociedade da Informação, possibilitam novas formas de acesso as informações e conhecimentos que se manifestam em diferentes rela- ções sociais. No Brasil a valorização da leitura é um tema bastante recente, já que o Plano Nacional do Livro e da Leitura – PNLL - é de 2006. Tem como prioridade transformar a qualidade da capacidade leitora do Brasil e trazer a leitura para o dia-a-dia do brasileiro. Um dos eixos do plano é a Valorização da leitura e da comunicação, com ações para criar consciência sobre o valor social do livro e da leitura. O plano aborda a comunicação relacionada principalmente a dois aspectos: acesso à informação e comunicação sobre a leitura. A comunicação está sempre no centro da existência para qualquer sociedade, em desenvolvimento ou não. A partir de pesquisas sobre a leitura, o Instituto Pró-livro, uma entidade de caráter privado sem fins lucrativos, cujo objetivo principal é o fomento à leitura e à difusão do livro, utiliza-se de diversas estratégias de comunicação pública. Dentre essas experiências destacamos a Campanha “Mãe, lê pra mim?”, como uma prática de comunicação que busca levar informações aos cidadãos a partir do entendimento de se ouvir “as vozes locais”.

Procedimentos do ensino da leitura no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental: concepções, estratégias e resultados

The theme of the reading in the first year of the literacy cycle has become recurrent in academic papers, research groups, discussion forums, conferences etc. and raised different positions depending on the theoretical framework with which it is studied. While it is granted that reading instruction this school year is to ensure the ability to encode and decode and learn and understand the meanings and the meanings of what we read. In this work, it formed a general objective to investigate how reading skills are being developed in the classroom and the strategies used to develop decoding and understanding of meanings. The question that formed the north to the survey was as follows: The strategies and procedures being used in the teaching of reading in the early literacy process develop the coding and decoding skills beyond the grasp and understanding of the meanings of ideas? The specific objectives were established: a) investigate how is the teaching of reading in the first grade of elementary school; b) identify the teaching strategies and the design of reading and reader that the teacher of the class has observed and relate it to the way he teaches; c) verify that the teaching of reading in the first year of the literacy process, develop the early reading skills, decoding, and favors the development of the apprehension and understanding of the meanings of what we read. The methodology included field research, from a qualitative interpretation approach and had as direct data source the natural environment in which the teaching of reading has been developed. The work then displays data results analyzed in the light of literacy concepts distinguished by Soares (2011), and reading by Silva (1983), Foucambert (1994), Solé (1998), among others. The results were extracted inferences and interpretations. It is hoped that this work raises in literacy teachers, reflections on the teaching of reading in the literacy cicle, in order to establish the...

Procedimentos do ensino da leitura no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental: concepções, estratégias e resultados

The theme of the reading in the first year of the literacy cycle has become recurrent in academic papers, research groups, discussion forums, conferences etc. and raised different positions depending on the theoretical framework with which it is studied. While it is granted that reading instruction this school year is to ensure the ability to encode and decode and learn and understand the meanings and the meanings of what we read. In this work, it formed a general objective to investigate how reading skills are being developed in the classroom and the strategies used to develop decoding and understanding of meanings. The question that formed the north to the survey was as follows: The strategies and procedures being used in the teaching of reading in the early literacy process develop the coding and decoding skills beyond the grasp and understanding of the meanings of ideas? The specific objectives were established: a) investigate how is the teaching of reading in the first grade of elementary school; b) identify the teaching strategies and the design of reading and reader that the teacher of the class has observed and relate it to the way he teaches; c) verify that the teaching of reading in the first year of the literacy process, develop the early reading skills, decoding, and favors the development of the apprehension and understanding of the meanings of what we read. The methodology included field research, from a qualitative interpretation approach and had as direct data source the natural environment in which the teaching of reading has been developed. The work then displays data results analyzed in the light of literacy concepts distinguished by Soares (2011), and reading by Silva (1983), Foucambert (1994), Solé (1998), among others. The results were extracted inferences and interpretations. It is hoped that this work raises in literacy teachers, reflections on the teaching of reading in the literacy cicle, in order to establish the...