Juan Roura-Parella (1897-1983) y la difusi??n de la pedagog??a de las ciencias del esp??ritu en Latinoam??rica

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Génesis y desarrollo de una expansión educativa : Escuelas Pías en Hispanoamérica, 1879-1897.

Presentar algunos datos relativos a la instauración de fundaciones educativas escolapias en tierras americanas. Analizar los primeros escarceos en tierras americanas, en el primer tercio del siglo XIX, de los religiosos escolapios. Estudiar las fundaciones establecidas en Cuba, representantes de la llegada oficial escolapia al continente americano. Reconsiderar el grado de importancia que tuvieron en esta expansión educativa. El estudio utiliza como muestra los documentos originales depositados en el Archivo Histórico Escolapio (Archivo de la Vicarìa General y Archivo de Irache): libros de registros, correspondencia, etc. y otras publicaciones sobre el tema de estudio. Investigación descriptiva que sigue un método histórico-pedagógico con las siguientes fases: clasificación de documentos originales, contextualización de documentos a través de las fuentes secundarias (publicaciones sobre el tema), interpretación objetiva del contenido de las fuentes, exposición del resultado de la interpretación del material, relación del resultado en el contexto histórico-educativo. Los datos se obtienen a través de fuentes primarias (documentos originales) y fuentes secundarias (publicaciones sobre el tema). Se realizó un análisis cualitativo: interpretación del contenido de las fuentes utilizadas y contextualización en la época. Los primeros Escolapios que fueron a América lo hicieron fruto de las circunstancias políticas de la España del momento. Hubo un intento de homogeneización, que llegó hasta los planes de formación de los novicios. Una constante repetida fue el deseo de fundar en el extranjero y la falta de personal para enviar a nuevas fundaciones. Se creó un noviciado generalicio, cuyos individuos dependían del vicario general. Al principio atendían a las necesidades parroquiales de la diócesis. Hubo intención de planificar la expansión de la órden por América, pero las necesidades que tenía el personal docente y religioso en Sudamérica hizo que esta planificación no fuera firme. Uno de los pilares de la planificación fue que el personal tenía que formarse en el noviciado generalíceo de Irache. Se demostró un verdadero interés por poner en práctica el sentido de la existencia de la órden.

Modos de ser e modos de viver : a trajetória dos estrangeiros em Natal/RN

This work aims to understand the trajectory of immigrants living in Natal / RN, between the years 1990 and 2009, their motivations for this change, their sociability relations, as well as the impact of this group in Natal and specifically, in the district of Ponta Negra, where most of them established their residences or work. Considering that the historical, political, economical and social environment where these immigrants are inserted, are different from that experienced by former immigrants who came to Brazil in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a period of mass migration, it was revealed that immigration studied in contemporary Natal constitutes a new configuration (Elias, 1994). This new configuration is represented by several characteristics that distinguish this contemporary immigration, as: the relationship established by these foreigners, both with their country of origin and the destination, the formation of social networks that offer support to newcomers and those already installed, the relations of sociability with locals and a new relationship of belonging with the space, since the possibility of coming and going from one country to the other, allows a (re)production of their original ?? social and economic life in the new space. The research methodology was based on the analysis of narrative interviews, in light of the theory of Schütze (1977) in order to understand the faces of this immigration. As theoretical support for the data analysis the theories of authors such as Norbert Elias, presentedin his work about the established and outsiders, Pierre Bourdieu, and his concept of habitus, distinction and style of life, Georg Simmel, and his study of life in the metropolis, his analysis of the foreigner and his theory of sociability, among others. This study attempted to give visibility to foreigners living in Natal, who experience the dynamics of the district of Ponta Negra and reconstruct their daily relations of sociability in this space. In fact, the presence of foreigners in this urban context allows for the construction of new configurations, both in terms of the physical space of the neighborhood, which has been modified by the touristification process and the real estate market, which is molded to meet this demand, but also in their social sphere, with regard to the relations established between foreign residents and locals. In seeking to characterize these migratory experiences it could be understood that the trajectories of each foreigner is part of a broader social structure, which cannot be evaluated neither disconnected from the contexts in which they operate, nor under a single point of view

A escola normal de natal (Rio Grande do Norte, 1908-1971)

The research aims to analyze Professor Education in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte-Brazil in the period of 1908 to 1971. The work falls under the theme History of Scholar Institutions as well as Professor Education. The research investigates the evolution of the so called Normal School, a school that aimed professor education. It was based on assumptions by works of Chartier (1990), Chervel (1990), Elias (1994), Nóvoa (1987), Schriewer (2000), amongst others. The research dealt with a great array of documents in different institutions such as Minutes, Public Instruction Management Reports, Laws, newspaper articles (from the newspaper A Capital, A Ordem e A República), magazines such as Pedagogium (1921-1940); all of which present in the Geographical and Historical Institute of Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil. In the State´s public archive it was possible to find a book called Livro de Honra (1914-1919) as well as class diaries and books that contained details related to Scholar group Inscriptions. In the Atheneu Memorial the Atheneu Congregation of Normal School (1897) document was analyzed. In the Kennedy Superior Institute the researcher analyzed the Professor Nominal Graduation Registry Book. The work proposes a comparative study regarding the genesis present in the Lisbon Primary Normal School and the ones situated in Natal. The analysis dealt with institutional meanings attributed by educators. Documents from The Portuguese National Library as well as the Lisbon Superior Education School were analyzed. In this in environment, it was possible to analyze documents such as Minutes, Books, Manuals, Internal Regiments related to Pedagogy. The study allowed acknowledging that these Normal Schools emerged from the same historical substrate and present consonance between the two countries regarding once both were associated with politicians, professors, doctors, hygienists and professionals evolved with education. It was also possible to acknowledge that there is a presence of a pedagogical discourse attached to the primary school universe and professor education. The Natal Normal School was present in different contexts and was consolidated as an institution that was responsible for the education and preparation of primary school teachers. The school was considered a locus where it was possible to produce and work with specific knowledge in a peculiar fashion. This knowledge provided the necessary support for professor education and was in accordance with the world´s professional pedagogical movement as well as ideas, discussions and reflections. This school was considered a space for pedagogical activities, professional affirmation allowing action reflection enabling professor representation as knowledge producers legitimating professor instruction

A educação no primeiro governo de Lauro Sodré (1886-1897): os sentidos de uma concepção político-educacional republicana

Este trabalho tem por tema a História da Educação e apresenta como objeto de pesquisa a concepção político-educacional que orientou as reformas educacionais do primeiro governo de Lauro Sodré (1891-1897). O seu objetivo é analisar os sentidos que essa concepção político-educacional assumiu na orientação daquelas reformas educacionais – tendo em vista que essa concepção é formulada originalmente no Governo Provisório (1889-1891), presidido por Justo Chermont, anterior ao de Lauro Sodré. Problematizam-se os objetivos e as finalidades que a concepção político-educac cional construída no Governo Provisório (1889-1891) assume nas reformas citadas, ou seja, quais os sentidos, políticos e educacionais, que essa concepção terá na direção dessas reformas educacionais do primeiro governo de Lauro Sodré (1891-1897). Como metodologia, a pesquisa documental, com utilização de fontes primárias (documentos) e secundárias (historiografia), e a sua articulação com aporte teórico. Assim, apontemos o corpus documental utilizado. Ele foi divido em três categorias: documentos impressos oficiais, jornal e obras impressas. Entre os documentos impressos oficiais: os Relatórios e Mensagens de Presidente de Província de 1886 a 1889 e do Governador do Estado (Lauro Sodré) ao Congresso do Estado do Pará, no período de 1891-1897. O jornal: A República entre 1886-1897. E por fim, as obras impressas: obras de Lauro Sodré, como Crenças e opiniões (1997) e Palavras e actos (1896). Para tal esforço, utilizamos como aporte teórico para a leitura do objeto aqui proposto: o conceito de intelectual orgânico de Antonio Gramsci (1989; 2001); discurso de acordo com Mikhail Bakhtin (1979); campo educacional nas formulações de Pierre Bourdieu (1982; 2003; 2008) e representação segundo Roger Chartier (1990; 1991). Constatou-se que a concepção político-educacional investigada tem suas origens nas proposições e críticas dos republicanos à política e à educação no Império. Essas proposições são efetivadas na reforma do ensino primário do Governo Provisório, como finalidade educacional, e a formação de cidadãos regenerados e comprometidos com o regime republicano recém proclamado, a partir da infância, como objetivo político. Nas reformas operadas no primeiro governo de Lauro Sodré, a preocupação é com a educação secundária e profissional, além da formação de cidadãos junto aos trabalhadores paraenses. Dessa forma, concluímos que essa concepção político-educacional procura legitimar o regime republicano nos seus primeiros momentos e no tempo de sua consolidação, buscando, por meio da educação, objetivar os seus intentos políticos.

Una contribución a la sociología contemporánea : revisitando "La sociedad cortesana" de Norbert Elías

El siguiente artículo reflexiona sobre la obra de Norbert Elías en torno a la sociedad cortesana. La elección del texto se hizo considerando que el mismo conjuga un detallado trabajo de investigación sociológica con la propuesta teórica-metodológica del autor. Allí, aborda la relación entre historia y sociología, la crítica al paradigma funcionalista y la propuesta de una "sociología figuracionista". La intensión reside en comprender cómo realizar una investigación social en la que las posiciones de los sujetos se enlazan en redes de relaciones de interdependencias, evitando la escisión entre estructura y sujeto. Finalmente se valora el aporte de Elías en función del análisis complejo de las sociedades contemporáneas.

Die hebräische Elias-Apokalypse und ihre Stellung in der apokalyptischen Litteratur des rabbinischen Schrifttums und der Kirche : kritische Ausgabe mit Erläuterungen, sprachlichen Untersuchungen, und einer Einleitung, nebst Übersetzung und Untersuchung der Abfassungszeit

von Moses Buttenwieser, Dr.phil.

The magical transformation contest in the ancient storytelling tradition

El concurso de transformación mágica, esquema narrativo difundido en la tradición popular, se presenta en dos variantes principales: los hechiceros que compiten pueden metamorfosearse en varios seres o crear esos seres por medios mágicos. En cualquier caso el concursante ganador da a luz criaturas más fuertes que superan las de su oponente. La segunda variante fue preferida en el antiguo Cercano Oriente (Sumeria, Egipto, Israel). La primera se puede encontrar en algunos mitos griegos sobre cambiadores de forma (por ejemplo, Zeus y Némesis). El mismo esquema narrativo puede haber influido en un episodio de la Novela de Alejandro (1.36-38), en el que Darío envía regalos simbólicos a Alejandro y los dos monarcas enemigos ofrecen contrastantes explicaciones de ellos. Esta historia griega racionaliza el concurso de cuento de hadas, transfiriendo las fantásticas hazañas de creaciones milagrosas a un plano secundario pero realista de metáfora lingüística.

A natural model for architecture : the nature of the evolutionary model 1995

John Frazer's architectural work is inspired by living and generative processes. Both evolutionary and revolutionary, it explores informatin ecologies and the dynamics of the spaces between objects. Fuelled by an interest in the cybernetic work of Gordon Pask and Norbert Wiener, and the possibilities of the computer and the "new science" it has facilitated, Frazer and his team of collaborators have conducted a series of experiments that utilize genetic algorithms, cellular automata, emergent behaviour, complexity and feedback loops to create a truly dynamic architecture. Frazer studied at the Architectural Association (AA) in London from 1963 to 1969, and later became unit master of Diploma Unit 11 there. He was subsequently Director of Computer-Aided Design at the University of Ulter - a post he held while writing An Evolutionary Architecture in 1995 - and a lecturer at the University of Cambridge. In 1983 he co-founded Autographics Software Ltd, which pioneered microprocessor graphics. Frazer was awarded a person chair at the University of Ulster in 1984. In Frazer's hands, architecture becomes machine-readable, formally open-ended and responsive. His work as computer consultant to Cedric Price's Generator Project of 1976 (see P84)led to the development of a series of tools and processes; these have resulted in projects such as the Calbuild Kit (1985) and the Universal Constructor (1990). These subsequent computer-orientated architectural machines are makers of architectural form beyond the full control of the architect-programmer. Frazer makes much reference to the multi-celled relationships found in nature, and their ongoing morphosis in response to continually changing contextual criteria. He defines the elements that describe his evolutionary architectural model thus: "A genetic code script, rules for the development of the code, mapping of the code to a virtual model, the nature of the environment for the development of the model and, most importantly, the criteria for selection. In setting out these parameters for designing evolutionary architectures, Frazer goes beyond the usual notions of architectural beauty and aesthetics. Nevertheless his work is not without an aesthetic: some pieces are a frenzy of mad wire, while others have a modularity that is reminiscent of biological form. Algorithms form the basis of Frazer's designs. These algorithms determine a variety of formal results dependent on the nature of the information they are given. His work, therefore, is always dynamic, always evolving and always different. Designing with algorithms is also critical to other architects featured in this book, such as Marcos Novak (see p150). Frazer has made an unparalleled contribution to defining architectural possibilities for the twenty-first century, and remains an inspiration to architects seeking to create responsive environments. Architects were initially slow to pick up on the opportunities that the computer provides. These opportunities are both representational and spatial: computers can help architects draw buildings and, more importantly, they can help architects create varied spaces, both virtual and actual. Frazer's work was groundbreaking in this respect, and well before its time.

Crime, Rurality and Community

Criminology has tended to treat crime as predominantly an urban phenomenon. A review of the available, albeit rather limited, empirical evidence regarding crime and law and order in rural New South Wales (NSW) raises some doubts about the urban-centric focus of criminology and opens up a range of other interesting questions concerning the differential social construction of crime problems in some rural localities, in particular the tendency to racialise questions of crime and law and order. Rather than simply developing an empirical and theoretical account of urban/rural differences, however, the paper suggests a conceptual framework for local and regional studies drawing on the work of Norbert Elias and Robert Putnam.

NSW rural land performance : 1990-2008

The annual income return for rural property is based on two major factors being commodity prices and production yields. Commodity prices paid to rural producers can vary depending on the agricultural policies of their respective countries. Free trade countries, such as Australia and New Zealand are subject to the volatility of the world commodity markets to a greater extent than those farmers in protected or subsidised markets. In countries where rural production is protected or subsidised the annual income received by rural producers has been relatively stable. However, the high cost of agricultural protection is now being questioned, particularly in relation to the increasing economic costs of government services such as health, education and housing. When combined with the agricultural production limitations of climate, topography, chemical residues and disease issues, the impact of commodity prices on rural property income is crucial in the ability of rural producers to enter into or expand their holdings in agricultural land. These problems are then reflected in the volatility of the rural land capital returns and the investment performance of this property class. This paper will address the total and capital return performance of a major agricultural area and compare these returns on the basis of both location of land and land use. The comparison will be used to determine if location or actual land use has a greater influence on rural property capital returns. This performance analysis is based on over 35,000 rural sales transactions. These transactions cover all market based rural property transactions in New South Wales, Australia for the period January 1990 to December 2008. Correlation analysis and investment performance analysis has also been carried out to determine the possible relationships between location and land use and subsequent changes in rural land capital values.