Interpersonal, intrapersonal, extrapersonal? Qualitatively investigating coordinative couplings between rowers in Olympic sculling

Coordinative couplings are commonly classified as interpersonal and intrapersonal. Interpersonal coordination is normally thought of as between organisms but a subset can also be considered where the co-actors movements are coupled to an environmental rhythm. This can be termed extrapersonal coordination. This study explores how coordination is achieved in a situation that demands that at least one actor makes use of extrapersonal sources. In this case multi-seat rowing, where one actor cannot see the other one behind them. A qualitative approach using experiential knowledge from expert rowers (N=9) and coaches (N=4) was used to examine how interpersonal coordination was achieved and maintained in 2 person rowing boats. It was reported that where possible, both rowers coordinated their movements by coupling with an invariant provided by the boat. This invariant is underpinned by perception of water flow past the boat; which is in turn used to determine changes in acceleration - 'rowing with the boat.' Bow seat also identified the rower in front and stroke seat identified the looming of the stern as viable alternative sources for coupling.

The form of form : the fold and architecture

This paper will examine the idea of the fold arid its assimilation into architecture through philosophy and mathematics. In all its iterations, the fold appears as two constitutive items: the fold as self-similarity, which implies recursion; the fold within the fold, and in turn, the fold as continuous discontinuity. The persistence of this conception of die fold will be demonstrated through a discussion of Leibniz's Monadology, Deleuze's Le Pli, and some mathematical ideas from catastrophe and chaos theory. This raises the issue of continuity between disciplines and thus the philosophical status this confers on the fold.

Discrete phase-locked loop systems and spreadsheets

This paper demonstrates the use of a spreadsheet in exploring non-linear difference equations that describe digital control systems used in radio engineering, communication and computer architecture. These systems, being the focus of intensive studies of mathematicians and engineers over the last 40 years, may exhibit extremely complicated behaviour interpreted in contemporary terms as transition from global asymptotic stability to chaos through period-doubling bifurcations. The authors argue that embedding advanced mathematical ideas in the technological tool enables one to introduce fundamentals of discrete control systems in tertiary curricula without learners having to deal with complex machinery that rigorous mathematical methods of investigation require. In particular, in the appropriately designed spreadsheet environment, one can effectively visualize a qualitative difference in the behviour of systems with different types of non-linear characteristic.

Nonlinear measures of heart rate time series: influence of posture and controlled breathing

In this study, we investigated measures of nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory in regards to heart rate variability in 27 normal control subjects in supine and standing postures, and 14 subjects in spontaneous and controlled breathing conditions. We examined minimum embedding dimension (MED), largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) and measures of nonlinearity (NL) of heart rate time series. MED quantifies the system's complexity, LLE predictability and NL, a measure of deviation from linear processes. There was a significant decrease in complexity (P<0.00001), a decrease in predictability (P<0.00001) and an increase in nonlinearity (P=0.00001) during the change from supine to standing posture. Decrease in MED, and increases in NL score and LLE in standing posture appear to be partly due to an increase in sympathetic activity of the autonomous nervous system in standing posture. An improvement in predictability during controlled breathing appears to be due to the introduction of a periodic component. (C) 2000 published by Elsevier Science B.V.

Jouko Turkan Teatterikorkeakoulun kauden yhteiskunnallinen kontekstuaalisuus vuosina 1982 - 1985

The subject of my doctoral thesis is the social contextuality of Finnish theater director, Jouko Turkka's (b. 1942) educational tenure in the Theater Academy of Finland 1982 1985. Jouko Turkka announced in the opening speech of his rectorship in 1982 that Finnish society had undergone a social shift into a new cultural age, and that actors needed new facilities like capacity, flexibility, and ability for renewal in their work. My sociological research reveals that Turkka adapted cultural practices and norms of new capitalism and new liberalism, and built a performance environment for actors' educational work, a real life simulation of a new capitalist workplace. Actors educational praxis became a cultural performance, a media spectacle. Turkka's tenure became the most commented upon and discussed era in Finnish postwar theater history. The sociological method of my thesis is to compare information of sociological research literature about new capitalist work, and Turkka's educational theater work. In regard to the conceptions of legitimation, time, dynamics, knowledge, and social narrative consubstantial changes occurred simultaneously in both contexts of workplace. I adapt systems and chaos theory's concepts and modules when researching how a theatrical performance self-organizes in a complex social space and the space of Information. Ilya Prigogine's chaos theoretic concept, fluctuation, is the central social and aesthetic concept of my thesis. The chaos theoretic conception of the world was reflected in actors' pedagogy and organizational renewals: the state of far from equilibrium was the prerequisite of creativity and progress. I interpret the social and theater's aesthetical fluctuations as the cultural metaphor of new capitalism. I define the wide cultural feedback created by Turkka's tenure of educational praxis, and ideas adapted from the social context into theater education, as an autopoietic communicative process between theater education and society: as a black box, theater converted the virtual conception of the world into a concrete form of an actor's psychophysical praxis. Theater educational praxis performed socially contextual meanings referring to a subject's position in the social change of 1980s Finland. My other theoretic framework lies close to the American performance theory, with its close ties to the social sciences, and to the tradition of rhetoric and communication: theater's rhetorical utility materializes quotidian cultural practices in a theatrical performance, and helps the audience to research social situations and cultural praxis by mirroring them and creating an explanatory frame.

How Could We Explore the Terrorist Issue?

The problem of terrorism can be analyzed by means of a wide array of research theories and models. There is however a question which of these may be regarded as especially useful to analyze different aspects of terrorism such as its reasons, characteristics and effects. Among concepts or theories which more or less fulfill the above-mentioned requirements, one can mention: chaos theory, decision theory, spatial competition theory, exchange theory, black box theory, theory of disaster, system model, model of billiard balls, core model, asymmetrical model, network model or concept of hybridity.

Is Human Development Multidimensional?

Stiglitz's Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress (CMEPSP) argued that well-being is multidimensional and identified eight distinct dimensions. Conventional linear techniques confirm that a large number of dimensions are needed to describe development. In contrast, a new non-linear technique that we introduce from chaos theory shows that a smaller number of dimensions are needed to span the development space. From the analysis, variables representing the Health, Education, Inequality and Individual Rights areas of life quality would provide a broad picture of development, whereas income per capita adds little extra information.

A biogeography-based optimization algorithm with mutation strategies for model parameter estimation of solar and fuel cells

Mathematical models are useful tools for simulation, evaluation, optimal operation and control of solar cells and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). To identify the model parameters of these two type of cells efficiently, a biogeography-based optimization algorithm with mutation strategies (BBO-M) is proposed. The BBO-M uses the structure of biogeography-based optimization algorithm (BBO), and both the mutation motivated from the differential evolution (DE) algorithm and the chaos theory are incorporated into the BBO structure for improving the global searching capability of the algorithm. Numerical experiments have been conducted on ten benchmark functions with 50 dimensions, and the results show that BBO-M can produce solutions of high quality and has fast convergence rate. Then, the proposed BBO-M is applied to the model parameter estimation of the two type of cells. The experimental results clearly demonstrate the power of the proposed BBO-M in estimating model parameters of both solar and fuel cells.

Musiquer : plaidoyer évolutionniste transdisciplinaire

Le sujet prend appui sur une hypothèse : à l’origine, la musique est un phénomène culturel et biologique, social (et donc pas privé) et communautaire (et donc pas individuel). Les travaux de plusieurs théoriciens évolutionnistes du langage et/ou de la musique étayent l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’objet de la musique dépasse l’opposition nature-culture. Quelle est alors l’influence de ces caractéristiques sur l’apparition de la musicalité ou d’une faculté de musique ? Pour avancer dans notre réflexion, nous mesurons la contribution des recherches sur les amusies quant à la question des origines de la musique. Par la suite, nous étudions le rapport entre l’intentionnalité et l’évolution de la musique. Nous nous concentrons sur la nature sociale du phénomène musical, puis proposons l'intégration de la caractérisation biologique et sociale de la musique dans une conception institutionnelle et communautaire. Ainsi fondée philosophiquement, notre hypothèse de départ devient le véhicule du dépassement disciplinaire convoité. Enfin, certaines options proposées par différents auteurs décrivant la contribution de la musique au développement de réseaux neuronaux à la propriété miroir sont évoquées. Et nous tentons de répondre à cette question, inévitable : la musique peut-elle, étant donné son caractère irréductiblement culturel, social et communautaire, entretenir des connexions neuronales? Nous examinons notamment à cette fin les implications de la théorie du chaos et des résultats des simulations informatiques multi-agents.

Studies on the Effect of Randomness on the Synchronization of Coupled Systems and on the Dynamics of Intermittently driven systems

Nonlinear dynamics has emerged into a prominent area of research in the past few Decades.Turbulence, Pattern formation,Multistability etc are some of the important areas of research in nonlinear dynamics apart from the study of chaos.Chaos refers to the complex evolution of a deterministic system, which is highly sensitive to initial conditions. The study of chaos theory started in the modern sense with the investigations of Edward Lorentz in mid 60's. Later developments in this subject provided systematic development of chaos theory as a science of deterministic but complex and unpredictable dynamical systems. This thesis deals with the effect of random fluctuations with its associated characteristic timescales on chaos and synchronization. Here we introduce the concept of noise, and two familiar types of noise are discussed. The classifications and representation of white and colored noise are introduced. Based on this we introduce the concept of randomness that we deal with as a variant of the familiar concept of noise. The dynamical systems introduced are the Rossler system, directly modulated semiconductor lasers and the Harmonic oscillator. The directly modulated semiconductor laser being not a much familiar dynamical system, we have included a detailed introduction to its relevance in Chaotic encryption based cryptography in communication. We show that the effect of a fluctuating parameter mismatch on synchronization is to destroy the synchronization. Further we show that the relation between synchronization error and timescales can be found empirically but there are also cases where this is not possible. Studies show that under the variation of the parameters, the system becomes chaotic, which appears to be the period doubling route to chaos.

Recurrence Quantification Analysis of System Signals for Detecting Tool and Chatter in Turning

In this thesis, the applications of the recurrence quantification analysis in metal cutting operation in a lathe, with specific objective to detect tool wear and chatter, are presented.This study is based on the discovery that process dynamics in a lathe is low dimensional chaotic. It implies that the machine dynamics is controllable using principles of chaos theory. This understanding is to revolutionize the feature extraction methodologies used in condition monitoring systems as conventional linear methods or models are incapable of capturing the critical and strange behaviors associated with the metal cutting process.As sensor based approaches provide an automated and cost effective way to monitor and control, an efficient feature extraction methodology based on nonlinear time series analysis is much more demanding. The task here is more complex when the information has to be deduced solely from sensor signals since traditional methods do not address the issue of how to treat noise present in real-world processes and its non-stationarity. In an effort to get over these two issues to the maximum possible, this thesis adopts the recurrence quantification analysis methodology in the study since this feature extraction technique is found to be robust against noise and stationarity in the signals.The work consists of two different sets of experiments in a lathe; set-I and set-2. The experiment, set-I, study the influence of tool wear on the RQA variables whereas the set-2 is carried out to identify the sensitive RQA variables to machine tool chatter followed by its validation in actual cutting. To obtain the bounds of the spectrum of the significant RQA variable values, in set-i, a fresh tool and a worn tool are used for cutting. The first part of the set-2 experiments uses a stepped shaft in order to create chatter at a known location. And the second part uses a conical section having a uniform taper along the axis for creating chatter to onset at some distance from the smaller end by gradually increasing the depth of cut while keeping the spindle speed and feed rate constant.The study concludes by revealing the dependence of certain RQA variables; percent determinism, percent recurrence and entropy, to tool wear and chatter unambiguously. The performances of the results establish this methodology to be viable for detection of tool wear and chatter in metal cutting operation in a lathe. The key reason is that the dynamics of the system under study have been nonlinear and the recurrence quantification analysis can characterize them adequately.This work establishes that principles and practice of machining can be considerably benefited and advanced from using nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory.

Responsabilidad social organizacional. Caso de la población en condición de discapacidad en Colombia

Inmersos en el mundo de la administración y pretendiendo hacer uso del estudio de la productividad, competitividad, responsabilidad social, teoría del caos, entre otros; consientes de un hecho real a través de la historia como lo ha sido la interdependencia de las decisiones políticas con el desarrollo empresarial colombiano surgió la necesidad de investigar acerca de sus efectos sobre un grupo específico de la sociedad: “PERSONAS EN CONDICIÓN DE DISCAPACIDAD”. En consecuencia, se realizó una aproximación conceptual con el fin de familiarizar definiciones relacionadas con el tema, ya que ha sido una de las fallas encontradas al proponer políticas a nivel local y nacional. Posteriormente elaboramos un Diagnostico de la situación de la discapacidad en Colombia, incluyendo el estudio de la legislación colombiana en los últimos cuatro gobiernos y jurisprudencia relacionada. Sumado a ello examinamos el avance que ha tenido Colombia en cuanto la apropiación y aplicación de normas internacionales respecto a este tema. Finalmente se considero relevante traer a colación dos casos de organizaciones colombianas en los cuales fue posible hacer un balance de la efectividad de las acciones de todos los sectores.

La incidencia de la complejidad en el ambiente organizacional

La realidad de la complejidad en las organizaciones actuales " Kellert: Hay que ver la teoría del caos como una nueva y revolucionaria ciencia que es discontinua radicalmente con la tradición occidental de objetivar y controlar la naturaleza pues falsifica tanto el carácter de la teoría del caos y la historia de la ciencia. ... cualquier expectativa de que la teoría del caos es el re-encantamiento del mundo se reunirá con la decepción“ La complejidad a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, fue adquiriendo importancia a partir de los trabajos desarrollados desde diferentes disciplinas, como respuesta a los vertiginosos avances y a la aparición de nuevas tecnologías que están cambiando nuestra forma de vida y generando nuevo conocimiento. Estamos acostumbrados a ver el mundo de manera lineal, conforme a nuestras formación racionalista, y el ser humano desligado de la naturaleza y su proceso evolutivo, en ese sentido desde la aparición de las TCP, encontramos nuevas formas de entender, tanto los sistemas físicos, biológicos como los sociales humanos. El objetivo de este escrito e hipótesis es plantear la contradicción que se presenta al interior de las organizaciones desde el punto de vista de la realidad organizacional, realizando una mirada rápida al desarrollo las teorías que hoy en día componen lo que entendemos como complejidad, para terminar en el planteamiento de cómo ella se presenta en el interior de las organizaciones. En donde la toma de decisiones por la magnitud de información existe, se vuelven complejas y terminamos en la búsqueda de modelos que nos permitan un manejo adecuado de las organizaciones.

Utilización de los conceptos de caos y complejidad en empresas del sector financiero

Este proyecto busca determinar que utilización se hace de los conceptos de caos y complejidad en las empresas del sector financiero colombiano, para así encontrar la relación entre estos conceptos y la ocurrencia de eventos en la economía actual. Se adoptó un método descriptivo, donde se tomará como unidad de análisis una empresa representativa del sector financiero de Colombia. La compañía escogida para el análisis fue Bancolombia, la cual debido a su larga trayectoria dentro de la economía colombiana, ha demostrado un buen desempeño y el logro de sus objetivos a nivel nacional e internacional. El análisis realizado permitió tener una visión amplia y representativa del significado que el caos y la complejidad tienen para el sector financiero; y como sus respectivos conceptos se aplican a la hora de enfrentar condiciones extremas en la industria o la economía. Pero también como el comportamiento de variables pertenecientes a otras industrias, tienen la capacidad de afectar e influir en el normal comportamiento de la compañía. Se concluyó además que Bancolombia en épocas de crisis logra ser mucho más realista al afrontar los momentos. Las crisis se muestran como caos dentro de un sistema simple y organizado que afecta a sus diferentes variables no lineales, y que puede llegar a una interacción entre otros sistemas, produciendo así comportamientos críticos y complicados. Se muestra también que la complejidad dentro de un sistema financiero es una creación de interacciones simples que muestran un parámetro claro, casi deducible, que al interactuar entre todas se convierte en complejidad para las organizaciones como Bancolombia.

Lógica en la toma de decisiones de inversión en el sector de extracción de petróleo y gas natural

Este documento se centra en la presentación de información y análisis de la misma a la hora de establecer la manera en que empresas del sector de extracción de gas natural y generación de energía a base de dicho recurso, toman decisiones en cuanto a inversión, centrándose en la lógica que usan a la hora de emprender este proceso. Esto debido a la constante necesidad de establecer procesos que permitan tomar decisiones más acertadas, incluyendo todas las herramientas posibles para tal fin. La lógica es una de estas herramientas, pues permite encadenar factores con el fin de obtener resultados positivos. Por tal razón, se hace importante conocer el uso de esta herramienta, teniendo en cuentas de qué manera y en que contextos es usada. Con el fin de tener una mayor orientación, este estudio estará centrado en un sector específico, el cual es el de la extracción de petróleo y gas natural. Lo anterior entendiendo la necesidad existente de fundamentación teórica que permita establecer de manera clara la forma apropiada de tomar decisiones en un sector tan diverso y complejo como lo es el mencionado. El contexto empresarial actual exige una visión global, no basada en la lógica lineal causal que hoy se tiene como referencia. El sector de extracción de petróleo y gas natural es un ejemplo particular en cuanto a la manera en cuanto se toman decisiones en inversión, puesto que en su mayoría son empresas de capital intensivo, las cuales mantienen un flujo elevado de recursos monetarios.