Sebastianus Cera ... De febri nosocomica : cui accedit de febri carceraria, et rurali epidemica tractatus.

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Contestación de los señores Lletget, Masarnau y Blesa, al folleto que ha publicado el señor Bert contra el dictamen que dieron al tribunal eclesiásticio, sobre el producto titulado cera vegetal /

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El hombre de las figuras de cera : drama en cinco actos y nueve cuadros /

"Para el beneficio del primer actor y director de escena en el Gran Teatro del Liceo, Antonio Jordan"- port.

Respuesta por el señor Bert a la contestación de los señores Lletget, Masarnau y Blesa al folleto que ha publicado el señor Bert contra el dictámen que dieron al Tribunal Eclesiástico, sobre el producto titulado cera vegetal / Respuesta del señor Escosura a la contestación de los señores Lletget, Masarnau y Blesa al folleto publicado por el señor Bert sobre el producto titulado cera vegetal ; Luis de la Escosura.

Mode of access: Internet.

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de biocompósito de látex (borracha natural) e fibra de carnaúba

The development of composite materials encompasses many different application areas. Among the composites, it is had, especially, the materials of organic origin, which have the greatest potential for biodegradability and so, have been bringing relevance and prominence in the contemporary setting of environmental preservation and sustainable development. Following this perspective of ecological appeal, it was developed a biocomposite material with natural inputs typically brazilian. This composite was made from latex (natural rubber) and carnauba fiber in different mass proportions. Formulations had varied by 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of fiber in relation the matrix. This material has been designed aiming at application in thermal insulation systems, which requirethermal protection surfaces and/or reduction of thermal energy loss. Therefore, the composite was characterized by thermal conductivity testing, specific heat, thermal diffusivity and thermogravimetry. As has also been characterized for their physical-mechanical, by testing density, moisture content, tensile strength, hardness and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characterization of the material revealed that the composite presents a potential of thermal insulation higher than the natural rubber, that was used as reference. And the formulation at 15% fiber in relation the matrix showed the best performance. Thus, the composite material in question presents itself as a viable and effective alternative for new thermal insulation material design.

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de biocompósito de látex (borracha natural) e fibra de carnaúba

The development of composite materials encompasses many different application areas. Among the composites, it is had, especially, the materials of organic origin, which have the greatest potential for biodegradability and so, have been bringing relevance and prominence in the contemporary setting of environmental preservation and sustainable development. Following this perspective of ecological appeal, it was developed a biocomposite material with natural inputs typically brazilian. This composite was made from latex (natural rubber) and carnauba fiber in different mass proportions. Formulations had varied by 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of fiber in relation the matrix. This material has been designed aiming at application in thermal insulation systems, which requirethermal protection surfaces and/or reduction of thermal energy loss. Therefore, the composite was characterized by thermal conductivity testing, specific heat, thermal diffusivity and thermogravimetry. As has also been characterized for their physical-mechanical, by testing density, moisture content, tensile strength, hardness and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The characterization of the material revealed that the composite presents a potential of thermal insulation higher than the natural rubber, that was used as reference. And the formulation at 15% fiber in relation the matrix showed the best performance. Thus, the composite material in question presents itself as a viable and effective alternative for new thermal insulation material design.

Recetas castellanas medievales sobre el trabajo de la cera

El fin del presente trabajo es dar a conocer una serie de recetas, localizadas, en los fondos españoles. Temáticamente, pertenecen al mundo de la candelería y de la cerería. Nos describen, de una parte como se hace la cera de color (blanca, roja y verde) y su utilidad, y, de otra, como se fabrican las velas, tanto de sebo como de cera. Se caracterizan por su brevedad, enumeran las sustancias a la vez que describen el proceso. Se asemejan entre ellas en la metodología empleada y se diferencian en las materias. La brevedad se rompe en el Libro de los Oficios de Guadalupe, se trata de una ordenanza, y no de una receta. Aprovechando la ocasión, hemos hablado de las materias primas (cera y sebo), de los métodos que se usan para elaborar los distintos sistemas de iluminación y de las ordenanzas; dentro de estas destacamos el fraude. Por último, estudiamos el pabilo o torcida, concretamente: la materia prima y el grosor que debe presentar.

Paisaje de palmas de cera en el corregimiento de Tenerife

Paisaje de palmas de cera en el corregimiento de Tenerife. El Cerrito. C. !990.

Tratamentos de fibras de carnaúba [copernicia prunífera (miller) h. e. moore] para o desenvolvimento de compósito biodegradável com matriz de polihidroxibutirato

The use of raw materials from renewable sources for production of materials has been the subject of several studies and researches, because of its potential to substitute petrochemical-based materials. The addition of natural fibers to polymers represents an alternative in the partial or total replacement of glass fibers in composites. In this work, carnauba leaf fibers were used in the production of biodegradable composites with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) matrix. To improve the interfacial properties fiber / matrix were studied four chemical treatments to the fibers..The effect of the different chemical treatments on the morphological, physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the fibers and composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, tensile and flexural tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetry (TGA) and diferential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of tensile tests indicated an increase in tensile strength of the composites after the chemical treatment of the fibers, with best results for the hydrogen peroxide treated fibers, even though the tensile strength of fibers was slightly reduced. This suggests a better interaction fiber/matrix which was also observed by SEM fractographs. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was reduced for all composites compared to the pure polymer which can be attributed to the absorption of solvents, moisture and other low molecular weight molecules by the fibers

Cucumber volatile blend, a promising female-biased lure for Bactrocera cucumis (French 1907) (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae), a pest fruit fly that does not respond to male attractants

Bactrocera cucumis (French 1907), the ‘cucumber fruit fly’, is a horticultural pest in Australia that primarily infests cucurbits and has also been recorded from tomatoes, papaw and several other hosts. It does not respond to known male lures, cue-lure and methyl eugenol, making monitoring and control difficult. A cucumber volatile blend lure was recently developed in Hawaii and found to be an effective female-biased attractant for the melon fly B. cucurbitae. This lure was field tested in north Queensland, Australia in McPhail traps in comparison with orange ammonia, Cera Trap® and a control, and was found to more consistently trap B. cucumis than the other lures. B. cucumis were caught at 41% of the cucumber volatile lure trap clearances, compared with 27% of the orange ammonia, 18% of the Cera Trap and 16% of the control trap clearances. The cucumber volatile lure was more attractive to B. cucumis in low population densities and also trapped B. cucumis earlier on average than the other lures. Data analysed from the site with highest trap catches (Spring Creek) showed that the cucumber volatile lure caught significantly more B. cucumis than the other traps in four of the 11 trap clearance periods, and for the remaining clearances, no other trap type caught significantly more flies than the cucumber volatile lure. The cucumber volatile lure had a strong female-biased attraction but it was not significantly more female-biased than orange ammonia or Cera Trap. Cucumber volatile lure traps were cleaner to service resulting in better quality specimens than the orange ammonia trap or Cera Trap. These findings have potential implications for market access monitoring for determining pest freedom, and for biosecurity monitoring programmes in other countries that wish to detect B. cucumis early.

Bronze and iron weapons from Luristan

The 30,000 km2 province of Luristan is situated in western Iran and encompasses the upper valleys of the Zagros Mountains. Even today, local tribesmen inhabit Luristan with their settlement patterns similar to ancient times. Several scientific excavations in the Luristan region have uncovered evidence that this particular region was a major attraction for human settlements from the Paleolithic era onwards. In Ancient Iran, the existence of rich mines together with discoveries made by innovative and inventive artisans spurred the growth of the metalworking culture as an art and a skill among early human communities in Ancient Iran. The art of Luristan can be described as the art of nomadic herdsmen and horsemen with an emphasis on the crafting of small, easily portable objects, among these a number of bronze daggers, swords and other weapons. Throughout its history, Luristan was never an ethnic or political entity because Luristan has been occupied by various tribes and races, throughout its history. Next to Elamites, other tribes who inhabited Luristan were the Hurrians, Lullubians, Kutians, and Kassites. As local tribesmen of Luristan were illiterate, information about their history can only be partially reconstructed from the literature of their southern neighbors: the Elamites and Babylonians. Luristan smiths made weapons for both civilizations. The region was later invaded by Assyrians and finally the Iranians settled the area and absorbed the local tribes. Following an accidental find by the local inhabitants in Luristan in 1928 CE, a number of unlawful diggings reveal a number of metal objects made of bronze and iron that showed a high level of craftsmanship. These objects were offered for sale on the art market with fancy names to hide their origin. The subsequent scientific excavations several decades after the initial discovery provided fascinating information about the culture of Luristan. The metalworking art of Luristan spans a time period from the third millennium BC to the Iron Age. The artifacts from Luristan seem to possess many unique and distinctive qualities, and are especially noteworthy for the apparently endless, intricate diversity and detail that they characteristically depict. The bronze artifacts found in or attributed to Luristan can be each be classed under five separate heads: a) arms and armor, including swords, dirks, daggers, axes, mace heads, spearheads, shields, quiver plaques, protective bronze girdles, helmets; b) implements related to horsemanship, including decorative or ornamental objects for horses as well as bits and snaffles; c) items for personal adornment and hygiene, including anklets, bangles, bracelets, finger rings, earrings and tweezers; d) ceremonial and ritual objects, including talismans, idols, pins, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurines; and e) utilitarian objects comprising various vessels and tools, including beakers, bowls and jugs. The scope of this article is limited to a discussion of the bronze and iron weapons made in Luristan. The techniques used for making bronze weapons in Luristan included: casting with open molds, casting with close molds, and casting with lost wax process. For metal sheets used for quiver plaques and bronze protective belts, the hammering technique was used. Edged weapons made in Luristan can be classified into: a) daggers, dirks, and swords with tangs; b) daggers, dirks, and swords with flanges; and c) daggers, dirks, and swords with cast-on hilts. Next to bronze, iron was also used for making weapons such as the characteristic weapon from this area, the iron mask sword.

Influência de tratamentos térmicos nas propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas em liga odontológica à base de níquel-cromo.

É crescente a preocupação com o desenvolvimento de materiais adequados a trabalharem interagindo com o corpo humano. Diversas pesquisas têm sido realizadas no desenvolvimento de biomateriais aplicáveis na odontologia, este empenho é justificável pelo grande número de intervenções cirúrgicas para extração de dentes realizadas em todo o mundo. Durante o processo de fabricação de reconstruções dentárias, que utilizam sistemas metalocerâmicos, é utilizado um tratamento térmico que tem a função de promover a adesão da porcelana ao metal. Entretanto, sabe-se que tratamentos térmicos podem alterar a microestrutura do material metálico, modificando suas propriedades. Este trabalho avaliou as modificações causadas em propriedades mecânicas e microestruturais da liga à base de níquel (FIT CAST-SB) utilizada para fins odontológicos, quando a mesma é submetida ao tratamento térmico para adesão da porcelana (denominado de queima). A liga foi inicialmente fundida através da técnica de centrifugação e cera perdida. Posteriormente, um grupo de amostras (grupo TT) foi submetido ao tratamento térmico de queima para adesão da porcelana e o outro grupo (grupo F), permaneceu apenas submetido ao processo de fundição. Os grupos F e TT foram submetidos a ensaio de tração. Nos grupos F e TT, e no material como recebido pelo fabricante (grupo CR), foram realizados ensaios de microdureza e caracterização microestrutural, esta ultima através da técnica de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os grupos F e CR foram submetidos à análise química quantitativa (em um espectrômetro de emissão atômica) e semi-quantitativa por um sistema de Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) acoplado ao MEV, sendo que esta ultima técnica também foi aplicada ao grupo TT. A técnica de tratamento digital de imagem foi aplicada às micrografias dos grupos F e TT, para a determinação de possíveis modificações quantitativas nas fases presentes, antes e após o tratamento térmico. Todos os resultados dos ensaios foram submetidos ao teste de hipótese nula (H0), para a distribuição t de Student. Concluiu-se que, para as amostras testadas, o limite de resistência foi superior ao fornecido pelo fabricante, respectivamente 559,39 e 545,55 MPa para os grupos F e TT, contra 306 MPa do fabricante. Enquanto o limite de escoamento foi ligeiramente inferior, 218,71 e 240,58 MPa para os grupos F e TT, respectivamente, contra 258 MPa do fabricante. Os resultados de microdureza ficaram entorno de 70HV, superior aos 21HV fornecido pelo fabricante. Pode-se afirmar, com 95% de confiabilidade, que não houve variação nas propriedades mecânicas e na microestrutura (quantidades de fases presentes e tamanho) antes e após a queima para adesão da porcelana, para os corpos de prova testados. A microestrutura da liga, quando observada em MEV no modo elétrons retroespalhados (modo BSE), é formada por uma matriz de estrutura dendrítica e coloração cinza, uma segunda fase interdendrítica de coloração branca e aspecto rendilhado, e precipitados de coloração preta, apresentando também porosidades.

Comparação entre dois métodos de cirurgia de modelos utilizados para cirurgia ortognática com seqüência invertida

Cirurgias ortognáticas bimaxilares representam um desafio para os cirurgiões, especialmente para reproduzir o plano de tratamento na sala operatória. O uso de guias cirúrgicos permite uma melhor reprodução do planejamento, mas, para isto, uma técnica precisa de cirurgia de modelos é essencial. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar a precisão do reposicionamento mandibular obtido com dois diferentes métodos de cirurgia de modelos utilizados para o planejamento de cirurgias bimaxilares com a seqüência cirúrgica invertida. Neste estudo, um crânio de resina foi utilizado para simular um paciente. As moldagens foram tomadas e os modelos foram vazados e montados em um articulador semi-ajustável por meio da transferência do arco-facial e do registro de mordida em cera. Traçados de previsão de 10 planos de tratamento diferentes foram feitos no software Dolphin Imaging e, então, reproduzidos com o método padrão (CM I) e método modificado (CM II) de cirurgia de modelos (T1). Para aprimorar a avaliação do reposicionamento mandibular, as cirurgias de modelo foram repetidas após um mês (T2). Os modelos mandibulares foram medidos na Plataforma de Erickson antes e depois do reposicionamento para contrastar os resultados. As diferenças no tempo de reposicionamento também foram registradas. Estatística descritiva e teste t foram usados para análisar os dados e comparar os resultados. Este estudo sugere que o reposicionamento vertical e látero-lateral dos modelos mandibulares foram semelhantes com ambos os métodos, entretanto, houve uma maior imprecisão no sentido ântero-posterior quando o método padrão de cirurgia modelos foi utilizado para o planejamento de cirurgias ortognáticas com a seqüência invertida. O tempo necessário para reposicionar o modelo mandibular no articulador semi-ajustável com a abordagem modificada (CM II) foi significativamente menor do que para reposicionar o modelo maxilar na Plataforma de Erickson (CM I).

Modificaciones en la imagen radiográfica de pinturas reenteladas

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