固氮蓝藻（Nostoc spp.）基因组文库的构建及固氮酶结构基因克隆

分离自新疆干旱荒漠地区的固氮蓝藻Nostoc spp.被证明具有较高的乙炔还原活性和特异抗逆性。为了保存Nostoc spp.的优良遗传性状和今后研究所需，我们以EMBL4噬菌体为载体，以Sau3AI部分酶解的15-22kb DNA片段为供体，构建了Nostoc spp.的基因组文库。以克氏肺炎杆菌和Anabaena sp. PCC7120的nifHDK DNA片段为探针，通过三轮噬菌斑原位杂交，成功地从基因文库中分离到了六个重组噬菌体阳性克隆。Southern杂交验证插入片段含有Nostoc spp.的固氮酶结构基因序列，并对其限制酶切图谱作了初步分析。

Thylakoid terminal oxidases are essential for the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to survive rapidly changing light intensities.

Cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis and respiration in the thylakoid membrane, suggesting that the two processes are interlinked. However, the role of the respiratory electron transfer chain under natural environmental conditions has not been established. Through targeted gene disruption, mutants of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were generated that lacked combinations of the three terminal oxidases: the thylakoid membrane-localized cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and quinol oxidase (Cyd) and the cytoplasmic membrane-localized alternative respiratory terminal oxidase. All strains demonstrated similar growth under continuous moderate or high light or 12-h moderate-light/dark square-wave cycles. However, under 12-h high-light/dark square-wave cycles, the COX/Cyd mutant displayed impaired growth and was completely photobleached after approximately 2 d. In contrast, use of sinusoidal light/dark cycles to simulate natural diurnal conditions resulted in little photobleaching, although growth was slower. Under high-light/dark square-wave cycles, the COX/Cyd mutant suffered a significant loss of photosynthetic efficiency during dark periods, a greater level of oxidative stress, and reduced glycogen degradation compared with the wild type. The mutant was susceptible to photoinhibition under pulsing but not constant light. These findings confirm a role for thylakoid-localized terminal oxidases in efficient dark respiration, reduction of oxidative stress, and accommodation of sudden light changes, demonstrating the strong selective pressure to maintain linked photosynthetic and respiratory electron chains within the thylakoid membrane. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a phenotypic difference in growth between terminal oxidase mutants and wild-type cells and highlights the need to examine mutant phenotypes under a range of conditions.

Zn~(2+)浓度对固氮鱼腥藻(Anabaena azotica Ley)光能转化特性的影响

本实验对在不同Zn2+浓度条件下培养的固氮鱼腥藻(Anabaena azoticaLey)的生长、光合放氧速率和叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm进行了测定.结果表明,当Zn2+浓度为1.0μmol/L时,其比生长速率(Specific growth rate)最大,光合放氧速率和Fv/Fm值最高.当Zn2+浓度大于等于5.0μmol/L时会抑制A.azotica Ley的生长和光合作用.对在0μmol/L和5.0μmol/L Zn2+浓度下生长的藻细胞藻胆体-类囊体膜复合物吸收光谱的比较和对与5.0μmol/L

鱼腥藻Anabaena PCC7120原生质球和液泡的同步诱导

国家自然科学基金资助项目( 39870 0 83)

蓝藻Anabaena sp.PCC7120 羧体碳酸酐酶的鉴定

在丝状蓝藻Anabaena sp.PCC7120细胞粗提液的碳酸酐酶(CA)分析中,发现了两种形式的CA活性.高CO_2下生长的细胞,在35μmol/L EZ(Ethoxyzolamide,碳酸酐酶的抑制剂)存在的情况下,CA总活性的85％左右被抑制,其半抑制浓度I_(50)为7.4μmol/L;随着EZ浓度的继续增加,CA活性在EZ浓度达到约150μmol/L处出现了第二个抑制峰,在250μmol/L处抑制程度达到最大,使CA总活性的15％被抑制,其半抑制浓度I_(50)为190μmol/L。在空气条件

鱼腥藻（Anabaena sp．）营养成分分析

研究分析了混合鱼腥藻粉的营养成分，结果表明混合鱼腥藻粉蛋白质含量为４０．５％；氨基酸组成符合联合国粮农卫生组织（ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ）规定的标准；并含有较丰富的糖类、脂肪酸、无机元素和色素。证实了鱼腥藻可以作为蛋白饲料资源开发和利用。

固氮蓝藻Anabaena sp.7120的叶绿素蛋白复合体的分离和光谱特性的研究

用光合膜片增溶和SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,从固氮蓝藻Anabaena sp.7120分离到7条色素带。迁移率较慢的五条叶绿素蛋白复合体带,具有相同的吸收光谱和室温荧光光谱特性。它们的红区最大吸收峰在676nm;蓝区最大吸收峰在438nm。它们的室温荧光发射最高峰在672—673nm;在710,732和740nm都有小峰。这些是CPⅠ叶绿素所特有的。我们认为这5条带都是属于光系统Ⅰ的叶绿素蛋白复合体。另一条迁移率稍快的叶绿素蛋白复合体带为CPⅡ。它的红区最大吸收峰在672nm;蓝区最大吸收峰在436n

纯化柱胞鱼腥藻(Anabaena cylindrca)固氮酶组份(铁蛋白)的厌氧制备电泳法

<正> 各种固氮生物的固氮酶对氧都很敏感,无论是制备固氮酶的组份Ⅰ(钼铁蛋白)或组份Ⅱ(铁蛋白),也无论采取什么方法(如DEAE-纤维素层析法、硫酸鱼精朊沉淀法、胶滤、制备凝胶电泳等等)都必需在严格厌氧条件下进行,铁蛋白对氧更加敏感,因此要获得较纯而又具活力的铁蛋白,其分离、纯化过程既要严格厌氧又要迅速。到目前为止,仅红螺菌(Rhodospirillum rubrum)和棕色

鱼腥藻(Anabaena 7120)DNA的转化作用

用化学方法从固氮蓝藻鱼腥藻(Anabaena 7120)细胞中有效地提取了DNA,以此为供体DNA,用它的氧敏感固氮突变种鱼腥藻一1(Anabaena-l)为受体进行转化实验。在大量的转化实验中,仅有两次获得转化后的突变种在空气中、在无氮培养基上能生长,其转化频率为10~(-6)—10~(-5)。转化子在有氧条件下的乙炔还原活力相当于野生种。它表明突变种的除氧系统通过转化而得到恢复。推测鱼腥藻7120突变种可能具有吸收和整合外源DNA的能力。对丝状蓝藻转化困难的原因进行了探讨,结果表明受体藻胞外DNA酶活

鱼腥藻(Anabaena)对氧敏感的固氮突变种

用紫外线和亚硝基胍,诱变筛选出两株具异形胞而不能在空气中固定分子氮的鱼腥藻Anabaena)突变种。突变表型是稳定的。在微氧条件下,能固定分子氮而生长,但固氮酶活很弱。酶活的高低与藻蓝素含量和光照强度成反相关。突变种细胞的固氮酶对氧非常敏感,反应气相中加入1%的氧对乙炔还原活力已有明显抑制,20%的氧完全阻抑固氮作用。除去氧后固氮酶重新合成,其过程受 NH_4~+和氯霉素阻遏。通过氮饥饿使藻蓝素含量降低,或降低光照强度,或加入二氯苯基甲基脲抑制光合放氧时,均可显著地提高突变种的固氮酶活力。突变种细胞还原氯