Le Cheval de Mazeppa, un cas d'intertextualit? franco-anglaise

Sibona, Bruno, Le Cheval de Mazeppa, un cas d'intertextualit? franco-anglaise (L'Harmattan, 2006)

Syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise (AIDS) révélé par un herpes génital sévère. A propos de deux cas.

The authors present 2 cases of AIDS revealed by severe recurrent genital herpes simplex. The patients are 2 young, previously healthy, African women without histories of homosexuality or drug abuse. The first patient died after 5 months of follow-up (post mortem findings: viral bronchopneumonia with positive cultures for herpes and cytomegalovirus (CMV), viral colitis due to CMV). The second patient survived. She has been treated, during the last 11 months, for filariasis, buccal and vaginal candidiasis and cerebral toxoplasmosis.

Discours politique et urbanisme: réflexion à partir du cas de la Jonction Nord-Midi Bruxelles 1900-1960

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphism and Myocardial Infarction - Etude Cas-te'moins de L'Infarctus du Myocarde (ECTIM)

Background— Depression is a risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors reduce this risk. The site of action is the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), which is expressed in brain and blood cells. A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the SLC6A4 gene has been described. This polymorphism may be associated with the risk of MI. Methods and Results— The SLC6A4 polymorphism has been investigated by polymerase chain reaction in 671 male patients with MI and in 688 controls from the Etude Cas-Témoins de l’Infarctus du Myocarde (ECTIM) multicentric study. Percentages for LL, LS, and SS genotypes were 35.5%, 45.4%, and 19.1%, respectively, for cases versus 28.1%, 49.1%, and 22.8%, respectively, for controls. S allele frequency was 41.8% and 47.4% for cases and controls, respectively. After adjustment for age and center by using multivariable logistic regression, the odds ratio for MI associated with the LL genotype was 1.40 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.76, P=0.0047). Conclusions— The LL genotype of the SLC6A4 polymorphism is associated with a higher risk of MI. This could be attributable to the effect of the polymorphism on serotonin-mediated platelet activation or smooth muscle cell proliferation or on other risk factors, such as depression or response to stress

ULTRACAM photometry of the eclipsing cataclysmic variables GY Cnc, IR Com and HT Cas

We present high-speed, three-colour photometry of the eclipsing cataclysmic variables GY Cnc, IR Com and HT Cas. We find that the sharp eclipses in GY Cnc and IR Com are due to eclipses of the white dwarf. There is some evidence for a bright-spot on the edge of the accretion disc in GY Cnc, but not in IR Com. Eclipse mapping of HT Cas is presented which shows changes in the structure of the quiescent accretion disc. Observations in 2002 show the accretion disc to be invisible except for the presence of a bright-spot at the disc edge. 2003 observations, however, clearly show a bright inner disc and the bright-spot to be much fainter than in 2002. Although no outburst was associated with either set of quiescent observations, the system was similar to 0.6 mJy brighter in 2003, mainly due to the enhanced emission from the inner disc. We propose that these changes are due to variations in the mass-transfer rate from the secondary star and through the disc. The disc colours indicate that it is optically thin in both its inner and outer regions. We estimate the white dwarf temperature of HT Cas to be 15 000 +/- 1000 K in 2002 and 14 000 +/- 1000 K in 2003.

Identification of two focal adhesion targeting sequences in the adapter molecule p130(Cas)

The adapter molecule CAS is localized primarily within focal adhesions in fibroblasts. Because many of the cellular functions attributed to CAS are likely to be dependent on its presence in focal adhesions, this study was undertaken to identify regions of the protein that are involved in its localization. The SH3 domain of CAS, when expressed in isolation from the rest of the protein, was able to target to focal adhesions, whereas a variant containing a point mutation that rendered the SH3 domain unable to associate with FAK remained cytoplasmic. However, in the context of full-length CAS, this mutation did not prevent CAS localization to focal adhesions. Two other variants of CAS that contained deletions of either the SH3 domain alone, or the SH3 domain together with an adjoining proline-rich region, also retained the capacity to localize to focal adhesions. A second focal adhesion targeting region was mapped to the extreme carboxy terminus of CAS. The identification of this second focal adhesion targeting domain in CAS ascribes a previously unknown function to the highly conserved C terminus of CAS. The regulated targeting of CAS to focal adhesions by two independent domains may reflect the important role of CAS within this subcellular compartment.

Regulation of c-SRC activity and function by the adapter protein CAS

SRC family kinases play essential roles in a variety of cellular functions, including proliferation, survival, differentiation, and apoptosis. The activities of these kinases are regulated by intramolecular interactions and by heterologous binding partners that modulate the transition between active and inactive structural conformations. p130(CAS) (CAS) binds directly to both the SH2 and SH3 domains of c-SRC and therefore has the potential to structurally alter and activate this kinase. In this report, we demonstrate that overexpression of full-length CAS in COS-1 cells induces c-SRC-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple endogenous cellular proteins. A carboxy-terminal fragment of CAS (CAS-CT), which contains the c-SRC binding site, was sufficient to induce c-SRC-dependent protein tyrosine kinase activity, as measured by tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin, paxillin, and, to a lesser extent, focal adhesion kinase. A single amino acid substitution located in the binding site for the SRC SH3 domain of CAS-CT disrupted CAS-CT's interaction with c-SRC and inhibited its ability to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin and paxillin. Murine C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts that expressed elevated levels of tyrosine phosphorylated CAS and c-SRC-CAS complexes exhibited an enhanced ability to form colonies in soft agar and to proliferate in the absence of serum or growth factors. CAS-CT fully substituted for CAS in mediating growth in soft agar but was less effective in promoting serum-independent growth. These data suggest that CAS plays an important role in regulating specific signaling pathways governing cell growth and/or survival, in part through its ability to interact with and modulate the activity of c-SRC.

The role of SRC-CAS interactions in cellular transformation:ectopic expression of the carboxy terminus of CAS inhibits SRC-CAS interaction but has no effect on cellular transformation

Several lines of evidence indicate that the adapter molecule p130CAS (crk-associated substrate (CAS)) is required for src-mediated cellular transformation. CAS has been shown to be heavily tyrosine-phosphorylated in src-transformed cells, and genetic variants of src that are deficient in CAS binding are also unable to mediate cellular transformation. In this report, we investigated whether CAS phosphorylation and/or its association with src are required elements of the transformation process. Expression of the carboxy-terminal src binding domain of CAS in Rat 1 fibroblasts expressing a temperature-sensitive allele of v-src inhibited the formation of src-CAS complexes and also inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of CAS. However, expression of this protein had no effect on morphological transformation, src-mediated actin rearrangements, or anchorage-independent growth of these cells when grown at the src-permissive temperature. Thus, the ability of activated src to mediate cellular transformation is either largely independent of endogenous CAS phosphorylation and/or its association with CAS or, alternatively, the carboxy-terminus of CAS may substitute for endogenous CAS in the process of src-mediated transformation.

L'accord sujet-verbe en français contemporain: une étude de cas – la/une foule

This article presents an analysis of synchronic variation and diachronic change in verbal agreement with the French noun foule. This noun, like many collective nouns in French and other languages, can show variation between singular and plural verbal agreement (la foule des habitants exulte_SING de joie dans les rues vs. une foule de gens pressés s'attardent_PLU). A novel combination of data, including data from sociolinguistic interviews, a gap-fill exercise, and a corpus of written French, is used to investigate this variation and change, to elucidate some of the factors that play a role in this type of agreement, and to examine the differences between this form used with the definite and indefinite determiner (la foule vs. une foule). Some theoretical issues concerning the definition of collective nouns are also addressed.

Le rapport aux traces écrites en situation d'évaluation de lecture de textes narratifs brefs le cas d'élèves au deuxième cycle du secondaire

La présente recherche porte sur les traces écrites laissées par des élèves de quatrième secondaire sur leur texte en situation de préparation à une évaluation sommative. Compte tenu des milieux d'où ils proviennent et de leurs connaissances antérieures, force est de constater que les compétences en lecture de ces élèves sont très variables et ont des conséquences importantes non seulement dans leur cours de français, mais aussi dans toutes les autres matières: plus les élèves avancent dans leur cheminement scolaire, plus les enseignants leur demandent de lire des textes longs et complexes. Pourtant, force est de constater que les résultats en lecture des élèves de quatrième et cinquième secondaire restent faibles. De nombreuses études ont démontré que la lecture de textes narratifs mobilise tous les aspects de la lecture et augmente les compétences générales à lire. Pour les enseignants de français, une façon courante d'évaluer la lecture au deuxième cycle du secondaire est donc de distribuer un texte narratif bref (conte, nouvelle, extrait de roman) à l'avance aux élèves et de leur suggérer d'y laisser des traces écrites de leur réflexion ou des stratégies utilisées, dans le but de favoriser leur compréhension et leur interprétation du texte. Ces traces peuvent prendre la forme, par exemple, de soulignements, de surlignements, d'annotations dans les marges, de schémas. Toutefois, peu de recherches scientifiques se sont attardées aux opinions, aux conceptions et aux pratiques des élèves lorsqu'il s'agit de se préparer à une évaluation de la sorte. Notre recherche, exploratoire et descriptive, vise deux objectifs spécifiques: premièrement, décrire l'investissement, les opinions et attitudes, les conceptions et le mode d'investissement d'élèves de quatrième secondaire et, deuxièmement, décrire les relations entre ces quatre dimensions afin de dresser un portrait global du rapport des élèves aux traces écrites lors de leur préparation à une évaluation de lecture. Pour ce faire, nous avons privilégié une collecte de données en trois phases: après avoir passé, à un échantillon de 41 élèves volontaires, des questionnaires présentant des items à coter sur une échelle de Likert, nous avons observé les textes sur lesquels des traces de leur travail de préparation étaient visibles. Pour finir, nous avons rencontré quatre de ces élèves en entrevue semi-dirigées, choisis en fonction de leurs réponses aux questionnaires et du type de traces qu'ils avaient laissées. Pour augmenter la validité des résultats, les données recueillies à chacune des phases [ont] été croisées afin d'obtenir un maximum d'informations sur le rapport des élèves aux traces écrites. Les résultats obtenus montrent que, malgré le fait que les élèves ont des perceptions généralement assez positives du recours aux traces écrites, les traces qu'ils laissent généralement sur leurs textes sont peu pertinentes dans la mesure où elles ne contribuent pas, pour la plupart, à établir des liens essentiels à la compréhension globale du texte narratif, comme les liens de causalité. Les entrevues nous apprennent que certains élèves ont effectivement l'impression que certaines traces écrites sont plus pertinentes que d'autres, mais qu'ils ignorent souvent lesquelles et comment y recourir pendant leur lecture. Le rapport aux traces écrites est complexe, dépend de la situation et varie d'un individu à l'autre en fonction de plusieurs facteurs contextuels: les expériences et connaissances antérieures de l'élève, la résistance du texte imposé et les contacts avec les pairs. Tous ces facteurs influencent l'élève dans ce qu'il pense, ce qu'il ressent et ce qu'il fait lors de la préparation à une évaluation de lecture.