Juutalaisvastaisuus suomalaisissa aikakauslehdissä ja kirjallisuudessa 1918-1944

Anti-Semitism existed in Finland during the whole period covered by this study. The immoral acts associated with Jews in the articles were mostly regarded as universal habits, qualities and/or modes of action, that is, unconnected with any particular Finnish Jew. Researchers have tried to explain anti-Semitism in several ways. The theory of Jews as outsiders has been a popular explanation as well as xenophobia, chimerical anti-Semitism and the socio-economic models. The main sources of this study have been over 400 Finnish periodicals and magazines, literature and text books published between 1918 and 1944. This vast number of magazines includes those of the army and the civil guard, religion, humour and the papers of the Finnish extreme right. One can see a distinct foreign and especially German influence in the subjects and phraseology of Finnish anti-Semitic writings between 1918 and 1944. Several known Finnish anti-Semitic writers had some kind of link with Germany. Some Finnish organisations and societies were openly anti-Semitic during this period. There had been cycles in the activity of anti-Semitic writing in Finland, obvious peaks appearing in 1918 1919, 1929 1931, 1933 1938 and 1942 1944. The reason for the 1918 1919 activity was the civil rights which were granted to the Jews in Finland, and the Russian Bolshevik revolution. The worldwide depression from 1929 to 1932 seem to be the reason for new anti-Semitic writing activity. The rise of National Socialism in Germany and the influence this phenomenon had in Finland was the reason for the peak during 1933 1938. During the continuation war 1942 1944 National Socialist Germany was fighting side-by-side with Finland and their anti-Semitic propaganda found easier access to Finland. Of the 433 magazines, journals and newspapers which were used in this study, 71 or 16.4 per cent had at least one article that can be identified as anti-Semitic; especially the magazines of national socialists and other extreme right parties were making anti-Semitic annotations. There were about 50 people known to have written anti-Semitic articles. At least half of these known writers had studied at the university, including as many as 10 priests. Over and above these, there was an even larger number of people who wrote under a pseudonym. The material used suggested that anti-Semitism was not very popular in Finland between 1918 and 1944. Anti-Semitic articles appeared mostly in the magazines of the extreme right, but their circulation was not very large. A proof of the slight influence of these extreme right anti-Semitic ideas is that, beside the tightening of policy towards Jewish immigrants in 1938 and the handing over of eight of these refugees to Germany in 1942, the official policy of Finland never became anti-Semitic. As was stated before, despite the cycles in the number of writings, there does not appear to have been any noticeable change in public opinion. One must also remember that most Finns had not at that period actually met a Jew. The material used suggests that between 1918 and 1944 the so-called Jewish question was seemingly unimportant for most Finns and their attitude to Jews and Jewishness can be described as neutral.

Kiista, eheys, unohdus : Vapaussodan muistaminen suojeluskunnan ja veteraaniliikkeen toiminnassa 1918-1944

Conflict, Unity, Oblivion: Commemoration of the Liberation War by the Civic Guard and the Veterans´ Union in 1918-1944 The Finnish Civil War ended in May 1918 as a victory for the white side. The war was named by the winners as the Liberation War and its legacy became a central theme for public commemorations during the interwar period. At the same time the experiences of the defeated were hindered from becoming a part of the official history of Finland. The commemoration of the war was related not only to the war experience but also to a national mission, which was seen fulfilled with the independence of Finland. Although the idea of the commemoration was to form a unifying non-political scene for the nation, the remembrance of the Liberation War rather continued than sought to reconcile to the conflict of 1918. The outbreak of the war between the Soviet Union and Finland in 1939 immediately affected the memory culture. The new myth of the Miracle of the Winter War, which referred to the unity shown by the people, required a marginalization of controversial memory of the Liberation War. This study examines from the concepts of public memory and narrative templates how the problematic experience of a civil war developed to a popular public commemoration. Instead of dealing with the manipulative and elite-centered grandiose commemoration projects, the study focuses on the more modest local level and emphasizes the significance of local memory agents and narrative templates of collective memory. The main subjects in the study are the Civil Guard and the Veterans´ Union. Essential for the widespread movement was the development of the Civic Guard from a wartime organization to a peacetime popular movement. The guards, who identified themselves trough the memories and the threats of civil war, formed a huge network of memory agents in every corner of the country. They effectively linked both local memory with official memory and the civic society with the state level. Only with the emergence of the right wing veteran movement in the 30ies did the tensions grow between the two levels of public memory. The study shows the diversity of the commemoration movement of the Liberation War. It was not only a result of a nation-state project and political propaganda, but also a way for local communities to identify and strengthen themselves in a time of political upheaval and uncertainty.

Paimen vailla hiippakuntaa : Kenttäpiispan viran synty ja vaikutus sotilaspapiston asemaan Suomen puolustusvoimissa ja kirkossa vuosina 1939 - 1944

The main purpose of this research is to shed light on the factors that gave rise to the office of Field Bishop in the years 1939-1944. How did military bishophood affect the status of the head of military pastoral care and military clergy during these years? The main sources of my research are the collections in the Finnish National Archives, and I use a historical-qualitative method. The position of the military clergy was debated within both the Church and the Defence Forces before 1939. At that stage, Church law did not yet recognize the office of the leading military priest, the Field Dean. There had been a motion in 1932 to introduce the office of a military bishop, but the bishops' synod blocked it. The concept of Field Bishop appeared for the first time in 1927 in a Finnish military document, which dealt with pastoral care in the Polish military. The Field Dean in Finland had regularly proposed improvements to the salary of the military clergy before the Winter War. After the Winter War, arguments were made for strengthening the position of the military clergy: these arguments were based on the increased respect shown towards this clergy, especially due to their role in the care of the fallen, which had become their task during the war. Younger members of the military clergy in particular supported the demands to improve their position within the Church and the army. The creation of a Field Bishop was perceived as strengthening the whole military clergy, as the Field Bishop was envisioned as a bishop within the Church and a general within the Defence Forces. During that time the Field Dean was still without any military rank. The idea of a Field Bishop was recommended to Mannerheim in June 1940, after which the Defence Forces lent their support to the cause. The status of the military clergy, in Church law, made it to the agenda of the Church council in January 1941, thanks largely to the younger priests' group influence and Mannerheim's leverage. The bishops opposed the notion of a Field Bishop mostly on theological grounds but were ready to concede that the position the Field Dean in Church law required further defining. The creation of the office of Field Bishop was blocked in the Church law committee report issued close to the beginning of the Continuation War. The onset of that war, however, changed the course of events, as the President of the Republic appointed Field Dean Johannes Björklund as Field Bishop. Speculation has abounded about Mannerheim's role in the appointment, but the truth of the matter is not clear. The title of Field Bishop was used to put pressure on the Church, and, at the same time, Mannerheim could remain detached from the matter. Later, in September 1941, the Church council approved the use of the Field Bishop title to denote the head of military pastoral care in Church law, and Field Bishops were assigned some of the duties formerly pertaining to bishops. Despite all expectations and hopes, the new office of Field Bishop did not affect the status of the military clergy within the Defence Forces, as no ranks were established for them, and their salary did not improve. However the office of the Field Bishop within Army HQ was transformed from a bureau into a department in the summer of 1942. At the beginning of the Continuation War, the Field Bishop was criticized by certain military and Church clergy for favouring Russian Orthodox Christians in Eastern Karelia. Björklund agreed in principle with most of the Lutheran clergy on the necessity of Lutheranizing East Karelia but had to take into account the realities at Army HQ. As well, at the same time the majority of the younger clergy were serving in the army, and there was a lack of parish priests on the home front. Bishop Lehtonen had actually expressed the wish that more priests could have been released from the front to serve in local parishes. In his notes Lehtonen accused Björklund of trying to achieve the position of Field Bishop by all possible means. However, research has revealed a varied group of people behind the creation of the office of Field Bishop, including in particular younger clergy and the Defence Forces.

Prudentia Iuris, 2007, n° 62-63 (número completo)

Editorial -- Las Segundas Jornadas sobre Ley Natural llevadas a cabo en la Facultad de Derecho de la Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina -- Presentación y estudio preliminar / Gabriel Limodio -- Habermas / Eduardo Martín Quesada -- Iusnaturalismo vs. iuspositivismo (un alegato iusnaturalista) / Rodolfo L. Vigo -- Derecho Natural y Ciencia Jurídica / Carlos I. Massini Correas -- Ley natural y pluralismo cultural / Félix Adolfo Lamas -- La laicidad del derecho y la Encíclica “Deus caritas est” / Carlos Raúl Sanz -- Universalismo de derechos y asimilacionismo / Juan Cianciardo -- Ley natural y multiculturalismo: verdad y diálogo / Daniel Alejandro Herrera -- La falacia del Particularismo: sobre las condiciones de posibilidad de una Ética Global / Raúl Madrid Ramírez -- Homenaje a la Dra. María Josefa Méndez Costa. Encuentro Interuniversitario de Derecho de Familia. “Familia y Matrimonio hoy” -- Matrimonio y familia / Gabriel Limodio -- Palabras de la homenajeada / María Josefa Méndez Costa -- El concepto jurídico de familia. Matrimonio y familia / Catalina Elsa Arias de Ronchietto -- El principio jurídico de matrimonialidad y las políticas públicas. La familia: cordón umbilical de la humanidad / Catalina Elsa Arias de Ronchietto -- El concepto de familia, su juricidad y la querida profesora María Josefa Méndez Costa. Insinuaciones jurídicas de una tarde inolvidable / Úrsula Basset -- El consentimiento matrimonial sobre la necesidad de que sea prestado por un hombre y una mujer / Eduardo Sambrizzi -- Familia, matrimonio y la legislación sobre educación / Jorge Nicolás Lafferriere -- I Congreso de evangelización de la cultura -- Católicos y vida pública en América Latina / Guzmán M. Carriquiry Lecour -- Nota bibliográfica

Prudentia Iuris, 2008, n° 64-65 (número completo)

Presentación -- Parte I -- Breve relato sobre el Anticristo / Vladimir Soloiev -- Las enseñanzas de la iconografía / Marisa Mosto -- ¿Cómo se hace un ícono? / María Bargalló -- Michel Villey: Destructor de ídolos, creador de íconos / Carlos Raúl Sanz -- La racionalidad al rescate de la Naturaleza y la Ley Natural / María Celestina Donadío Maggi de Gandolfi -- Part II -- El cuadragésimo aniversario de la reforma del Código Civil (ley 17.711) /Carlos Raúl Sanz -- Parte III -- Segundo Encuentro Interuniversitario de Derecho de Familia. Controversias Jurídicas Actuales. Facultad de Derecho de la Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina. Buenos Aires, 4 de junio de 2008 -- Los principios ético-jurídicos del vínculo paterno-filial y familiar por adopción / Catalina Elsa Arias de Ronchietto -- Democratización de la familia y su incidencia en los vínculos jurídico-familiares / Ursula C. Basset -- El derecho del niño a la familia / Julio César Capparelli -- La filiación y sus controversias jurídicas modernas. Un asunto inquietante / Ursula C. Basset -- Impugnación de la paternidad matrimonial. La exclusión de la madre y del pretenso padre biológico / Jorge Oscar Perrino -- Parte IV -- Derecho y retórica. Una aproximación desde la academia estadounidense / Valentín Thury Cornejo -- Notas sobre la asistencia social / José Benjamín Gomez Paz -- La Justicia y el derecho en el pensamiento del Santo Tomás de Aquino y Hans Kelsen / Alberto Silvio Pestalardo -- San Agustín, Dante y la Globalización. Una invitación a la reflexión sobre la globalización y la laicidad / Carlos A. Gabriel Maino -- La esclavitud en la doctrina Aristotélica-Tomista / Sebastián Pierpaulli -- Hegel y la evangelización de la cultura / María Fernanda Balmaseda Cinquina -- Parte V -- Comentarios Bibliográficos -- Parte VI -- Las Enseñanzas del Papa S.S. Benedicto XVI -- Parte VII -- Documentos

Hermano de hombre soy : Entrevista al P. Juan Carlos Scannone S.I. sobre la mediación de la filosofía en el diálogo entre literatura y teología

Tres miembros del Seminario Interdisciplinario Permanente de Literatura, Estética y Teología entrevistaron a Juan Carlos Scannone en búsqueda de una conversación que abra nuevas perspectivas. Los temas principales fueron: el inicio de Scannone en el diálogo entre literatura y teología, la formación humanística de los jesuitas, los precursores en la Argentina, la mediación simbólica, los aportes de Paul Ricoeur, el método interdisciplinario y la mediación filosófica, la novela latinoamericana.

La recepción de la obra de Carlos Vega

Resumen: En la primera parte de este artículo se mencionan textos sobre aspectos de la obra de Carlos Vega publicados en revistas científicas argentinas y en similares sedes de otros países, así como trabajos de este autor reeditados con posterioridad a su muerte. En la segunda se comentan los capítulos que conformarán el libro Estudios sobre la obra de Carlos Vega, de próxima publicación, algunos de los cuales ya aparecieron en años anteriores mientras que otros han sido escritos especialmente para la ocasión.

Sapientia, 1988, Vol. XLIII, nº 167-168 (número completo)

Contenido: El tema de la libertad en Santo Tomás : fuentes y desarrollo / Gustavo E. Ponferrada – Emergencia y sentido del hombre en la reflexión ética de la Suma contra Gentiles / Julio R. Méndez – Azar y contingencia / Juan J. Sanguineti – Indeterminismo y racionalidad : en torno al problema de la causalidad en física / Ramón Queraltó – La tridimensionalidad crítica de la reflexión completa / Stanislavs Ladusans – Humanismo y humanismos / Iulio Brandao – Limitación de la antropología filosófica / José M. de Estrada – Afectividad, obrar humano, moralidad / María C. Donadío de Gandolfi – Naturaleza y ética en Hobbes y Tomás de Aquino / María L. Lukac de Stier – Derecho, pensamiento y lenguaje / Carlos I. Massini-Correas – Derecho natural y positivismo jurídico / Ylves J. de Miranda Guimaraes – La verdad política es el ideal de una sociedad participativa / José P. Galvao de Sousa – Hombre y moral : la “pietas” patriótica / Héctor H. Hernández – Filosofía, teología y cultura cristiana en el pensamiento de San Agustín / Battista Mondin – Amor Ruibal, genial renovador de la filosofía cristiana / Emilio Silva de Castro – La problemática filosófica de las ciencias humanas / Edgardo J. Castro

Prudentia Iuris, 2001, n° 54 (número completo)

Contenido: Editorial – Filosofía del Derecho: Bien común y soberanía : un viaje de ida y vuelta / Miguel Ayuso – Legalidad y bien común analizados a la luz de un caso emblemático de la experiencia jurídica italiana : entre geometría legal y dialéctica jurídica / Francesco Gentile – Las ciencias ético-sociales : división, objeto y método / Delia María Albisu – Retórica y derecho / Javier Barbieri – El concepto de Derecho y las relaciones entre Derecho Y Moral en H. L. A. Hart / Lorenzo V. Galíndez – Algunas consideraciones sobre el fundamento del Derecho / Daniel Herrera – Críticas iuspositivistas a teorías “conceptuales” de los derechos humanos / Eduardo Martín Quintana – Bien común y bien particular en el pensamiento de Santo Tomás de Aquino / Hugo Alberto Verdera – Reflexiones acerca de la justicia en Hesíodo / María de la Paz Montejano – La justicia como carácter general o índole formal propia de lo justo / Julio E. Lalanne – La concordia política en cuanto causa eficiente del Estado / Félix Adolfo Lamas – Derecho e Historia: El sufragio obligatorio en el debate de la Ley Saenz Peña / Carlos Guillermo Frontera – Algunos antecedentes históricos acerca de la motivación de sentencias / Nora Cristina González de Rosello – Los juristas argentinos y el debate en torno a la casación (1931-1943) / Ezequiel Abásolo – La cuestión romana de Pío IX / Rodolfo S. Follari – In Memoriam – Recensiones -- Documentos

Sobre ciencia práctica y prudentia : aproximaciones desde las ideas de John Finnis

Resumen: En el presente trabajo, el autor ensaya una presentación de las contribuciones de John Finnis a los temas de la ciencia práctica y la prudentia. Respecto del primero, destaca el carácter analógico del concepto de ciencia y las particularidades de su aplicación al campo del saber práctico. Con referencia a la segunda, apunta su relevancia en el esquema clásico del pensamiento práctico, en especial en referencia a la determinación de los objetos de las virtudes y al papel de los absolutos morales en el razonamiento práctico-moral.

Carlos Vega dramaturgo

Entre los papeles que integran el Fondo Documental “Carlos Vega” del Instituto de Investigación Musicológica de la Universidad Católica Argentina, se encuentra un testimonio de lo que podría considerarse una de las primeras aproximaciones de Carlos Vega al teatro: es el programa de una velada literario-musical organizada por la Escuela Normal Popular en “honor de sus primeras egresadas” en el Teatro de la Sociedad Italiana de Cañuelas. En la función del domingo 24 de septiembre de 1916, participó como actor en dos pasos de comedia, en el denominado Lo imprevisto y en el que cerró el espectáculo, Los pantalones. También en su transcurso recitó el monólogo Vísperas de boda. En el programa no se indican autores, lo que abre el interrogante sobre si quizás además colaboró en alguno de estos monólogos en tal condición, pues en esos años ya se ejercitaba como escritor.

Lauro Ayestarán, Carlos Vega, y las dos orillas del Río de la Plata

Resumen: El texto explora el diálogo de las dos figuras fundacionales de la musicología de Argentina y Uruguay: de Vega como maestro y Ayestarán como discípulo, y de ambos como amigos. La rica correspondencia que mantuvieran durante casi tres décadas permite recorrer diversas características de sus personalidades, que se centran obsesivamente en el rigor y en la entrega pero que no excluyen el humor y la ternura. Se aportan observaciones acerca de la compleja relación de ambos con otras personalidades del medio musical argentino.