Algorithmen zur automatischen 4dimensionalen Flugbahnführung unter Berücksichtigung der momentanen Windsituation

Für das digitale Flugführungssystem des Versuchsflugzeugs HFB 320 wurde am Institut für Flugführung der DFVLR in Braunschweig eine Betriebsart zum automatischen zeitgenauen Fliegen im Flughafen-Nahbereich entwickelt und im Flugversuch erprobt. Der Bericht enthält die Beschreibung der eingesetzten Algorithmen zur Berechnung 4-dimensionaler Flugbahnen unter Berücksichtigung der momentanen Windsituation. Es werden verschiedene Verfahren zur Messung, Filterung und Vorhersage des Windvektors entwickelt und an Hand von Flugversuchsergebnissen diskutiert.

Perception des personnes âgées à l'égard de la vidéosurveillance intelligente pour leur soutien à domicile

Introduction : Au sein de la population vieillissante, les chutes à domicile représentent une problématique importante (1 personne âgée/3 chute au moins 1 fois/année). Pour détecter automatiquement les chutes en respectant la vie privée, une technologie novatrice a été développée : la vidéosurveillance intelligente. Objectif : Explorer la perception et la réceptivité des personnes âgées concernant l’introduction de cette nouvelle technologie, à domicile. Méthodologie : Trente personnes âgées ont participé à une entrevue structurée (devis mixte). Une analyse de contenu (données qualitatives) et des analyses descriptives (données quantitatives) ont été effectuées puis combinées. Résultats : 93,4% des participants sont favorables (ou partiellement) à la vidéosurveillance intelligente et 43,3% l’utiliserait pour le sentiment de sécurité et la confidentialité procurés. Conclusion : Le contexte de vie des personnes âgées influence leur perception et réceptivité envers la vidéosurveillance intelligente. Il s’agit maintenant d’évaluer cette technologie dans divers milieux de vie.

Image-Based View Synthesis

We present a new method for rendering novel images of flexible 3D objects from a small number of example images in correspondence. The strength of the method is the ability to synthesize images whose viewing position is significantly far away from the viewing cone of the example images ("view extrapolation"), yet without ever modeling the 3D structure of the scene. The method relies on synthesizing a chain of "trilinear tensors" that governs the warping function from the example images to the novel image, together with a multi-dimensional interpolation function that synthesizes the non-rigid motions of the viewed object from the virtual camera position. We show that two closely spaced example images alone are sufficient in practice to synthesize a significant viewing cone, thus demonstrating the ability of representing an object by a relatively small number of model images --- for the purpose of cheap and fast viewers that can run on standard hardware.

Geostatistics for constrained variables: positive data, compositions and probabilities. Applications to environmental hazard monitoring

Aquesta tesi estudia com estimar la distribució de les variables regionalitzades l'espai mostral i l'escala de les quals admeten una estructura d'espai Euclidià. Apliquem el principi del treball en coordenades: triem una base ortonormal, fem estadística sobre les coordenades de les dades, i apliquem els output a la base per tal de recuperar un resultat en el mateix espai original. Aplicant-ho a les variables regionalitzades, obtenim una aproximació única consistent, que generalitza les conegudes propietats de les tècniques de kriging a diversos espais mostrals: dades reals, positives o composicionals (vectors de components positives amb suma constant) són tractades com casos particulars. D'aquesta manera, es generalitza la geostadística lineal, i s'ofereix solucions a coneguts problemes de la no-lineal, tot adaptant la mesura i els criteris de representativitat (i.e., mitjanes) a les dades tractades. L'estimador per a dades positives coincideix amb una mitjana geomètrica ponderada, equivalent a l'estimació de la mediana, sense cap dels problemes del clàssic kriging lognormal. El cas composicional ofereix solucions equivalents, però a més permet estimar vectors de probabilitat multinomial. Amb una aproximació bayesiana preliminar, el kriging de composicions esdevé també una alternativa consistent al kriging indicador. Aquesta tècnica s'empra per estimar funcions de probabilitat de variables qualsevol, malgrat que sovint ofereix estimacions negatives, cosa que s'evita amb l'alternativa proposada. La utilitat d'aquest conjunt de tècniques es comprova estudiant la contaminació per amoníac a una estació de control automàtic de la qualitat de l'aigua de la conca de la Tordera, i es conclou que només fent servir les tècniques proposades hom pot detectar en quins instants l'amoni es transforma en amoníac en una concentració superior a la legalment permesa.

A Parameterization Technique for the Continuation Power Flow Developed from the Analysis of Power Flow Curves

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Parameterization technique for the continuation power flow using the trivial and tangent predictor

This paper presents efficient geometric parameterization techniques using the tangent and the trivial predictors for the continuation power flow, developed from observation of the trajectories of the load flow solution. The parameterization technique eliminates the Jacobian matrix singularity of load flow, and therefore all the consequent problems of ill-conditioning, by the addition of the line equations which pass through the points in the plane determined by the variables loading factor and the real power generated by the slack bus, two parameters with clear physical meaning. This paper also provides an automatic step size control around the maximum loading point. Thus, the resulting method enables not only the calculation of the maximum loading point, but also the complete tracing of P-V curves of electric power systems. The technique combines robustness with ease of understanding. The results to the IEEE 300-bus system and of large real systems show the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2012 IEEE.

Plasma sanguíneo desidratado na alimentação da Tilápia-do- Nilo

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Augmented reality in sport scenarios using cameras mounted on a tripod

[ES] In this paper we address the problem of inserting virtual content in a video sequence. The method we propose uses just image information. We perform primitive tracking, camera calibration, real and virtual camera synchronisation and finally rendering to insert the virtual content in the real video sequence. To simplify the calibration step we assume that cameras are mounted on a tripod (which is a common situation in practise). The primitive tracking procedure, which uses lines and circles as primitives, is performed by means of a CART (Classification and Regression Tree). Finally, the virtual and real camera synchronisation and rendering is performed using functions of OpenGL (Open Graphic Library). We have applied the method proposed to sport event scenarios, specifically, soccer matches. In order to illustrate its performance, it has been applied to real HD (High Definition) video sequences. The quality of the proposed method is validated by inserting virtual elements in such HD video sequence.

A Portable Image Overlay Projection Device for Computer-Aided Open Liver Surgery

Image overlay projection is a form of augmented reality that allows surgeons to view underlying anatomical structures directly on the patient surface. It improves intuitiveness of computer-aided surgery by removing the need for sight diversion between the patient and a display screen and has been reported to assist in 3-D understanding of anatomical structures and the identification of target and critical structures. Challenges in the development of image overlay technologies for surgery remain in the projection setup. Calibration, patient registration, view direction, and projection obstruction remain unsolved limitations to image overlay techniques. In this paper, we propose a novel, portable, and handheld-navigated image overlay device based on miniature laser projection technology that allows images of 3-D patient-specific models to be projected directly onto the organ surface intraoperatively without the need for intrusive hardware around the surgical site. The device can be integrated into a navigation system, thereby exploiting existing patient registration and model generation solutions. The position of the device is tracked by the navigation system’s position sensor and used to project geometrically correct images from any position within the workspace of the navigation system. The projector was calibrated using modified camera calibration techniques and images for projection are rendered using a virtual camera defined by the projectors extrinsic parameters. Verification of the device’s projection accuracy concluded a mean projection error of 1.3 mm. Visibility testing of the projection performed on pig liver tissue found the device suitable for the display of anatomical structures on the organ surface. The feasibility of use within the surgical workflow was assessed during open liver surgery. We show that the device could be quickly and unobtrusively deployed within the sterile environment.

Functional neuroimaging of emotional learning and autonomic reactions

This article provides a selective overview of the functional neuroimaging literature with an emphasis on emotional activation processes. Emotions are fast and flexible response systems that provide basic tendencies for adaptive action. From the range of involved component functions, we first discuss selected automatic mechanisms that control basic adaptational changes. Second, we illustrate how neuroimaging work has contributed to the mapping of the network components associated with basic emotion families (fear, anger, disgust, happiness), and secondary dimensional concepts that organise the meaning space for subjective experience and verbal labels (emotional valence, activity/intensity, approach/withdrawal, etc.). Third, results and methodological difficulties are discussed in view of own neuroimaging experiments that investigated the component functions involved in emotional learning. The amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and striatum form a network of reciprocal connections that show topographically distinct patterns of activity as a correlate of up and down regulation processes during an emotional episode. Emotional modulations of other brain systems have attracted recent research interests. Emotional neuroimaging calls for more representative designs that highlight the modulatory influences of regulation strategies and socio-cultural factors responsible for inhibitory control and extinction. We conclude by emphasising the relevance of the temporal process dynamics of emotional activations that may provide improved prediction of individual differences in emotionality.

SMARTnet: A Sensor for Monitoring the Geostationary Ring

As the number of space debris is increasing in the geostationary ring, it becomes mandatory for any satellite operator to avoid any collisions. Space debris in geosynchronous orbits may be observed with optical telescopes. Other than radar, that requires very large dishes and transmission powers for sensing high-altitude objects, optical observations do not depend on active illumination from ground and may be performed with notably smaller apertures. The detection size of an object depends on the aperture of the telescope, sky background and exposure time. With a telescope of 50 cm aperture, objects down to approximately 50 cm may be observed. This size is regarded as a threshold for the identification of hazardous objects and the prevention of potentially catastrophic collisions in geostationary orbits. In collaboration with the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB), the German Space Operations Center (GSOC) is building a small aperture telescope to demonstrate the feasibility of optical surveillance of the geostationary ring. The telescope will be located in the southern hemisphere and complement an existing telescope in the northern hemisphere already operated by AIUB. These two telescopes provide an optimum coverage of European GEO satellites and enable a continuous monitoring independent of seasonal limitations. The telescope will be operated completely automatically. The automated operations should be demonstrated covering the full range of activities including scheduling of observations, telescope and camera control as well as data processing.

Retransmisión de un evento deportivo : Real Madrid - F.C. Barcelona

El Proyecto Fin de Carrera realizado aborda un estudio teórico acerca de la retransmisión de un Real Madrid – F.C. Barcelona. Con este proyecto se intenta que el lector consiga tener una idea acerca de todo lo que con lleva un partido de fútbol con estas dimensiones desde el punto de vista audiovisual y sea capaz de entender los pasos necesarios a dar para realizarlo. Cuando vemos la retransmisión de un evento deportivo y concretamente de un partido de fútbol de tal envergadura, es casi imposible pensar el despliegue que hay detrás de él. Por ello, se ha intentado explicar de una manera sencilla y breve la manera de realizar un evento de este tamaño, que podría servir como ejemplo para realizar otros eventos deportivos de gran escala. A lo largo de este proyecto, se realiza un estudio completo sobre los principales pasos a dar para hacer posible que la retransmisión llegue a los espectadores. La memoria de este proyecto está basada en 7 capítulos. En el primer capítulo, se expone una breve introducción sobre la retransmisión de partidos, para que el lector pueda hacerse una idea de lo que se va a realizar posteriormente y pueda tener una idea de lo que se explica en los capítulos restantes. En el segundo capítulo, se trata del primer paso para la retransmisión de un partido de fútbol, que puede aplicarse a otros eventos deportivos. Este apartado está centrado en la localización del lugar, en él se explican los primeros pasos a dar en los primeros días de montaje. Estos son fundamentales para que posteriormente el partido pueda salir de la mejor manera posible, equivocarse o cometer errores al inicio puede acarrear mayores gastos económicos y grandes demoras de tiempo posteriormente. El tercer capítulo se centra en el montaje y la producción del evento. En la primera parte, se explica cómo situar dentro del campo de fútbol los micrófonos y las cámaras. Además, se hace una descripción de cada uno de ellos. También se introducen conceptos básicos y parámetros de los principales micrófonos y cámaras que se usarán en el evento. La segunda parte del capítulo se centra en explicar las diferentes señales utilizadas, como se transmiten y la comunicación interna y externa. El capítulo cuarto sirve para conocer el material necesario para realizar el evento. Se explican: micrófonos, cámaras, EVS (Unidades de grabación), CCU (Camera Control Unit), mezclador y tipo de cableado indicando los modelos y marcas más relevantes que se usan en la actualidad. Además, se pueden ver diferentes figuras del material utilizado. En el quinto capítulo, se ven las principales funciones que realizan los empleados. Comienza con una amplia explicación de la realización del evento y continúa explicando las diferentes funciones de los operadores del material visto en el capítulo anterior. El capítulo sexto, sirve para explicar un presupuesto aproximado de lo que sería la realización y producción del evento y poder estudiar la viabilidad de este. Por último, en el capítulo séptimo se ven una serie de conclusiones a modo de resumen, las cuales han de ayudar a dejar completamente claros una serie de conceptos básicos acerca del proyecto. ABSTRACT. The Thesis made deals with a theoretical study of the broadcast of a Real Madrid - FC Barcelona. This project, tries that the reader gets has an idea of everything that has a football match with these dimensions from the visual point of view and be able to understand the steps to take. When we see the broadcast of a sport event and specifically a football match of this magnitude, it is almost impossible to think the deployment behind it. Therefore, we have tried to explain in a simple and concise way to hold an event of this size and it could serve for other large-scale sporting events. Throughout this project, a comprehensive study is done on the main steps to be taken to make the broadcast possible way to reach spectators. The memory of this project is based on seven chapters. In the first chapter, a brief introduction explains retransmission matches, so that the reader can get an idea about is explained in the next chapters. In the second chapter, the first step is performed to broadcast a football match and that can be applied to other sports events. This section focuses on the location of where it explains the first days of installation. This is important for later the match can be done of the best possible way and wrong or make mistakes at the beginning can lead to higher economic costs and long delays of time later. The third chapter focuses on the assembly and production of the event. The first part explains how to locate within the football field microphones and cameras. It also explains each one. Also, introduces basic concepts and parameters of the main microphones and cameras that will be used at the event. In the second part, the chapter focuses on explaining the different signals used as transmission and communication internally and externally. The fourth chapter serves to meet the necessary material for the event. It explains: microphones, cameras, EVS, CCU, mixer and cabling type indicating the most relevant models and brands that are used today. Also, you can see different figures on the material used. In the fifth chapter, the main functions are performed by employees. It begins with a thorough explanation of the event and goes on to explain the various functions of the operators of the material seen in the previous chapter. The sixth chapter, helps explain an estimate of what would be the creation and production of the event and to study the feasibility of this. Finally, in the seventh chapter are a number of conclusions in summary, which should help to make thoroughly clear a number of basic concepts about the project.

Exploring the World's Visual History

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Applying Augmented Reality to Outdoors Industrial Use

Augmented Reality (AR) is currently gaining popularity in multiple different fields. However, the technology for AR still requires development in both hardware and software when considering industrial use. In order to create immersive AR applications, more accurate pose estimation techniques to define virtual camera location are required. The algorithms for pose estimation often require a lot of processing power, which makes robust pose estimation a difficult task when using mobile devices or designated AR tools. The difficulties are even larger in outdoor scenarios where the environment can vary a lot and is often unprepared for AR. This thesis aims to research different possibilities for creating AR applications for outdoor environments. Both hardware and software solutions are considered, but the focus is more on software. The majority of the thesis focuses on different visual pose estimation and tracking techniques for natural features. During the thesis, multiple different solutions were tested for outdoor AR. One commercial AR SDK was tested, and three different custom software solutions were developed for an Android tablet. The custom software solutions were an algorithm for combining data from magnetometer and a gyroscope, a natural feature tracker and a tracker based on panorama images. The tracker based on panorama images was implemented based on an existing scientific publication, and the presented tracker was further developed by integrating it to Unity 3D and adding a possibility for augmenting content. This thesis concludes that AR is very close to becoming a usable tool for professional use. The commercial solutions currently available are not yet ready for creating tools for professional use, but especially for different visualization tasks some custom solutions are capable of achieving a required robustness. The panorama tracker implemented in this thesis seems like a promising tool for robust pose estimation in unprepared outdoor environments.

Comando e Controlo na Artilharia Antiaérea

O presente trabalho, subordinado à temática “Comando e Controlo na Artilharia Antiaérea”, pretende problematizar algumas das questões mais recentes relativas a matérias de segurança e defesa, fruto dos mais recentes acontecimentos. Por exemplo, refira-se o abate do voo comercial na Ucrânia, entre outros inúmeros casos que se constituem como fatores que levam a questionar a capacidade de defesa dos Estados face ao fácil acesso e baixo custo destes meios, à mercê de pessoas/organizações criminosas e terroristas. Assim, é premente a necessidade de aquisição, por parte dos Estados, nomeadamente de Portugal, de uma Artilharia mais robusta e com um sistema de Comando e Controlo automático capaz de combater as potenciais e prováveis ameaças aéreas. Esta investigação pretende, então, analisar o atual sistema de Comando e Controlo da Artilharia Antiaérea nacional, por forma a identificar as suas capacidades e, em paralelo, as suas vulnerabilidades. Concomitantemente pretende-se analisar o sistema perante as ameaças aéreas e as operações que deverá executar no âmbito dos compromissos internacionais, com o objetivo fulcral de identificar prováveis potencialidades que deverão integrar o referido sistema. Pretende-se, deste modo, propor uma revisão do atual sistema no sentido de colmatar as suas prováveis lacunas e capacitando-o para uma resposta eficaz e efetiva perante eventuais ameaças, na esteira dos compromissos internacionais. No início apresentamos uma ‘revisão de literatura’ para que o leitor se familiarize com os conceitos e nomenclatura em uso nesta reflexão. Subsequentemente, expõe-se a metodologia empregue e são abordados os sistemas de Defesa Aérea e de Artilharia Antiaérea e, posteriormente, o Comando e Controlo. De seguida, apresenta-se uma análise possível dos dados provenientes das entrevistas executadas. Baseando-nos na investigação realizada, conclui-se que a Artilharia Antiaérea corre o risco sério de não dispor de capacidade de defesa, a baixa e muito baixa altitude, se não forem adquiridos rapidamente os materiais imprescindíveis para que os sistemas possam cabalmente atuar.