988 resultados para Atividade inseticida
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Methomyl (Lannate®) is an insecticide from the carbamate group, frequently used in pest control in various types of crops. This compound works inhibiting the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The use of physicochemical and ecotoxicological analysis is the most efficient strategy for the correct characterization and control of residues of metomil. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the acute toxicity of methomyl in 96 hours of exposure and, through a sublethal assay of 5 hours, to assess its effect on the activity of acetylcholinesterase present in brain and squeletic dorsal muscle of the Danio rerio fish. The results showed that the LC50-96 found to D. rerio was 3.4 mg/L and it was found through the average of four definitive tests. In vitro assays were used to test the inhibitory action of methomyl directly over soluble AChE, extracted from the squeletic dorsal muscle, with maximum inhibition of 68.57% to the insecticide concentrations of 0.2 mg/L. In sublethal tests with D. rerio, inhibitory effect of methomyl was found over the soluble form of AChE in the squeletic dorsal muscle, both in one and five hours of fish exposure to the insecticide. In both period, the average values of inhibition were around 61%. In the same condition, no significant inhibitory effect of methomyl soluble and membrane AChE of the D. rerio was observed in the 0.42, 0.85, 1.70 and 2.50 mg/L concentrations and in both times of fish exposure
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O gênero Pterocaulon (Asteraceae) é formado por 18 espécies, a maioria de ocorrência na América do Sul. Grande parte das espécies deste gênero tem aplicação na medicina popular como digestiva, emenagoga, inseticida e também como agente contra picadas de serpentes. No Sul do Brasil, algumas espécies conhecidas como “Quitoco” são utilizadas como antinflamatórios e no tratamento de afecções de pele, tanto de humanos quanto de animais. Neste trabalho foram isolados e identificados cinco diferentes compostos, presentes nos extratos diclorometano das partes aéreas de P. alopecuroides e P. polystachyum. Os compostos isolados são cumarinas simples e caracteristicamente 6,7-dioxigenadas. Da espécie P. alopecuroides foram obtidas 5-metoxi-6,7-metilenodioxicumarina (PA1) e 7(2,3-epoxi-3-metil-3-butiloxi)-6-metoxicumarina (PA2) e da espécie P. polystachyum foram isoladas, além da 5-metoxi-6,7-metilenodioxicumarina (PP1a), iapina (PP1b), preniletina (PP2a) e preniletina-metil-éter (PP2b). Outras espécies de Pterocaulon nativas do Rio Grande do Sul foram analisadas quanto a presença de cumarinas, que podem contribuir para os estudos quimiotaxonômicos do gênero, atuando como marcadores taxonômicos. Os extratos brutos metanólicos e frações hexanólica, diclorometano e metanólica de P. alopecuroides, P. balansae e P. polystachyum foram testados quanto à atividade antimicrobiana e apresentaram um largo espectro de ação contra um painel de fungos patogênicos oportunistas responsáveis pela maioria das infecções sistêmicas e dermatológicas, justificando o uso destas plantas no tratamento de doenças de pele de animais popularmente diagnosticadas como micoses. Os compostos isolados, também testados frente a microrganismos patogênicos, não demonstraram atividade relevante, o que leva a crer que os extratos que foram ativos podem conter outros compostos que ainda não foram isolados ou ainda que poderiam agir de forma sinérgica com os produtos isolados. O método de extração utilizado indica que as cumarinas localizam-se em grande maioria na superfície de folhas e caules, onde poderiam estar atuando como fitoalexinas, protegendo a planta especialmente do ataque de fungos.
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Malaria, also popularly known as maleita , intermittent fever, paludism, impaludism, third fever or fourth fever, is an acute infectious febrile disease, which, in human beings, is caused by four species: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale. Malaria, one of the main infectious diseases in the world, is the most important parasitoses, with 250 million annual cases and more than 1 million deaths per year, mainly in children younger than live years of age. The prophylactic and therapeutic arsenal against malaria is quite restricted, since all the antimalarials currently in use have some limitation. Many plant species belonging to several families have been tested in vivo, using the murine experimental model Plasmodium berghei or in vitro against P. falciparum, and this search has been directed toward plants with antithermal, antimalarial or antiinflammatory properties used in popular Brazilian bolk medicine. Studies assessing the biological activity of medicinal plant essential oils have revealed activities of interest, such as insecticidal, spasmolytic and antiplasmodic action. It has also been scientifically established that around 60% of essential oils have antifungal properties and that 35% exhibit antibacterial properties. In our investigation, essential oils were obtained from the species Vanillosmopsis arborea, Lippia sidoides and Croton zethneri which are found in the bioregion of Araripe-Ceará. The chemical composition of these essential oils was partially characterized and the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The acute toxicity of these oils was assessed in healthy mice at different doses applied on a single day and on four consecutive days, and in vitro cytotoxicity in HeLa and Raw cell lines was determined at different concentrations. The in vivo tests obtained lethal dose values of 7,1 mg/Kg (doses administered on a single day) and 1,8 mg/Kg (doses administered over four days) for 50% of the animals. In the in vitro tests, the inhibitory concentration for 50% of cell growth in Hela cell lines was 588 μg/mL (essential oil from C. zethneri after 48 h), from 340-555 μg/mL (essential oil from L. sidoides, after 24 and 48 h). The essential oil from V. arborea showed no cytotoxicity and none of the essential oils were cytotoxic in Raw cell lines. These data suggest a moderate toxicity in the essential XVIII oils under study, a finding that does not impede their testing in in vivo antimalarial assays. Was shown the antimalarial activity of the essential oils in mice infected with P. berghei was assessed. The three species showed antimalarial activity from 36%-57% for the essential oil from the stem of V. arborea; from 32%-82% for the essential oil from the leaves of L. sidoides and from 40%-70% of reduction for the essential oil from the leaves of C. zethneri. This is the first study showing evidence of antimalarial activity with these species from northeast Brazil. Further studies to isolate the active ingredients of these oils are needed to determine if a single active ingredient accounts for the antimalarial activity or if a complex integration of all the compounds present occurs, a situation reflected in their biological activity
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Na busca de novos antimaláricos, duas espécies típicas da região Amazônica e uma fração rica em limonóides foram objeto deste estudo: Carapa guianensis Aubl. (Meliaceae), conhecida popularmente como andiroba, utilizada tradicionalmente como inseticida e no combate da malária. A espécie Piper aduncum L. (Piperaceae), conhecida popularmente como pimenta-de-macaco, usada para tratar doenças inflamatórias e a fração rica em limonóides fracionada do óleo de andiroba. Tanto os óleos brutos como a fração foram submetidos a ensaios in vitro, segundo metodologia descrita por Rieckman e colaboradores (1980) modificada por Carvalho (1990) com os clones do Plasmodium falciparum W2 e Dd2. Estes ensaios demonstraram que os óleos apresentaram atividade antiplasmódica, sendo que na concentração de 0,82ng/mL e 8,2μg/mL do óleo de andiroba a inibição do clone W2 foi de 100% e do Dd2 de 71% após 72h de exposição, respectivamente. Para a fração na concentração de 3,1μg/mL o clone W2 foi de 100% e do Dd2 a de 82% após 72h de exposição. O óleo de pimenta-de-macaco teve na concentração de 1,30ng/mL para o clone W2 a inibição de 100% e para o Dd2 a de 77%, após 72h de exposição, para a concentração de 10,3μg/mL. Os resultados com o óleo de pimenta-de-macaco, na concentração de 1,30ng/mL a inibição foi de 100% para clone W2 e para o clone Dd2, na concentração de 10,3μg/mL, a inibição foi de 77% após 72h de exposição.
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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ
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Pós-graduação em Biociências - FCLAS
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Malaria, also popularly known as maleita , intermittent fever, paludism, impaludism, third fever or fourth fever, is an acute infectious febrile disease, which, in human beings, is caused by four species: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale. Malaria, one of the main infectious diseases in the world, is the most important parasitoses, with 250 million annual cases and more than 1 million deaths per year, mainly in children younger than live years of age. The prophylactic and therapeutic arsenal against malaria is quite restricted, since all the antimalarials currently in use have some limitation. Many plant species belonging to several families have been tested in vivo, using the murine experimental model Plasmodium berghei or in vitro against P. falciparum, and this search has been directed toward plants with antithermal, antimalarial or antiinflammatory properties used in popular Brazilian bolk medicine. Studies assessing the biological activity of medicinal plant essential oils have revealed activities of interest, such as insecticidal, spasmolytic and antiplasmodic action. It has also been scientifically established that around 60% of essential oils have antifungal properties and that 35% exhibit antibacterial properties. In our investigation, essential oils were obtained from the species Vanillosmopsis arborea, Lippia sidoides and Croton zethneri which are found in the bioregion of Araripe-Ceará. The chemical composition of these essential oils was partially characterized and the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The acute toxicity of these oils was assessed in healthy mice at different doses applied on a single day and on four consecutive days, and in vitro cytotoxicity in HeLa and Raw cell lines was determined at different concentrations. The in vivo tests obtained lethal dose values of 7,1 mg/Kg (doses administered on a single day) and 1,8 mg/Kg (doses administered over four days) for 50% of the animals. In the in vitro tests, the inhibitory concentration for 50% of cell growth in Hela cell lines was 588 μg/mL (essential oil from C. zethneri after 48 h), from 340-555 μg/mL (essential oil from L. sidoides, after 24 and 48 h). The essential oil from V. arborea showed no cytotoxicity and none of the essential oils were cytotoxic in Raw cell lines. These data suggest a moderate toxicity in the essential XVIII oils under study, a finding that does not impede their testing in in vivo antimalarial assays. Was shown the antimalarial activity of the essential oils in mice infected with P. berghei was assessed. The three species showed antimalarial activity from 36%-57% for the essential oil from the stem of V. arborea; from 32%-82% for the essential oil from the leaves of L. sidoides and from 40%-70% of reduction for the essential oil from the leaves of C. zethneri. This is the first study showing evidence of antimalarial activity with these species from northeast Brazil. Further studies to isolate the active ingredients of these oils are needed to determine if a single active ingredient accounts for the antimalarial activity or if a complex integration of all the compounds present occurs, a situation reflected in their biological activity
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A partir de uma pesquisa histórica sobre a regulação da atividade petrolífera nacional, constatou-se que as jazidas de petróleo e de gás natural são bens públicos cuja exploração é constitucionalmente reservada ao Estado. Ademais, a delegação da exploração desses bens, por meio de concessão ou de partilha de produção, mantém a propriedade estatal desses recursos naturais.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XIX - Ciência Política, Sociologia Política, História, Relações Internacionais.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XI - Meio Ambiente e Direito Ambiental, Organização Territorial e Desenvolvimento Urbano e Regional.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área VII - Sistema Financeiro, Direito Comercial, Direito Econômico, Defesa do Consumidor.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XVII - Segurança Pública e Defesa Nacional.
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Consultoria Legislativa - Área XVII - Segurança Pública e Defesa Nacional.