973 resultados para Acará-grande


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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This dissertation analyses the influence of sugar-phosphate structure in the electronic transport in the double stretch DNA molecule, with the sequence of the base pairs modeled by two types of quasi-periodic sequences: Rudin-Shapiro and Fibonacci. For the sequences, the density of state was calculated and it was compared with the density of state of a piece of human DNA Ch22. After, the electronic transmittance was investigated. In both situations, the Hamiltonians are different. On the analysis of density of state, it was employed the Dyson equation. On the transmittance, the time independent Schrödinger equation was used. In both cases, the tight-binding model was applied. The density of states obtained through Rudin-Shapiro sequence reveal to be similar to the density of state for the Ch22. And for transmittance only until the fifth generation of the Fibonacci sequence was acquired. We have considered long range correlations in both transport mechanism

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Sugarcane is one of the most important products of the world and Brazil is responsible for 25 % of the world production. One problem of this culture at northeast of Brazil is the early flowering. In our laboratory, it has been made before four subtractive libraries using early and late flowering genotypes in order to identify messages related to the flowering process. In this work, two cDNAs were chosen to make in silico analysis and overexpression constructs. Another approach to understand the flowering process in sugarcane was to use proteomic tools. First, the protocol for protein extraction using apical meristem was set up. After that, these proteins were separated on two bidimensional gels. It was possible to observe some difference for some regions of these gels as well as some proteins that can be found in all conditions. The next step, spots will be isolated and sequence on MS spectrometry in order to understand this physiological process in sugarcane

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The northeastern region is responsible to 14.32% of sugarcane national production. This lowered contribution is due to edaphoclimatic condition. Flowering is a vital process to plant which consumes lots of energy and it culminates in a process called isoporization. This one can give in a decreasing of 60% on alcohol and water production. It may consider that cropped sugarcane has a hibrid with octaploid genome, there are varieties with a flowering standard until of non flowering. Using this natural genetic potential on different croppings of sugarcane, the aim of this work was to understand as this process occurs by the usage of subtractive approaches. The total RNA was extracted using Trizol of peaks of merisematics of croppings with induced flowering and other with late flowering. From this total RNA were built four subtractives libraries (B1- induced early flowering subtracted on late flowering not induced; B2- late flowering not induced subtracted induced early flowering; B3- induced early flowering subtracted of not induced early flowering; B02- not induced early flowering subtracted from induced early flowering) using kits Super Smart cDNA synthesis and BD Clontech kit select cDNA subtraction (Clontech). This material was clone don vector pGEM T-easy(Promega) and changed in competent cells of E.coli DH10B. Given analysis sequence was carried out a program BLASTn against database of NCBI and genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, rice and maize. Clones were grouped in 9 different classes according to function. Some factors already related as couples of flower induction were identified at different libraries. And grouped proteins with cell cycle and it controls were presents, mainly kinases proteins. Related factors to proteic sinthesis, metabolism, defence, cell communication were also given in both libraries .Some identified genes did not show similarity on database or homology with hypothesis function, and it can represents new genes to be deposited in international database. These results offers that some identified on sugarcane, classified as on factors classes, cell cycle and cell communication, trough unknown genes, can be linked with genetic changing to the flowering process found in the northeastern region

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Plants are organisms sessile and because of this they are susceptible to genotoxic effects due to environmental exposure such as light [including ultraviolet (UV)], heat, drought and chemicals agents. Therefore, there are differents pathways in order to detect a lesion and correct. These pathways are not well known in plants. The MutM/Fpg protein is a DNA glycosylase that is responsible for detect and correct oxidative lesions. In the sugarcane genome, it was found two possible cDNAs that had homology to this protein: scMUTM1 and scMUTM2. The aim of this work was to characterize the role of these cDNAs in plants. In order to do this, the expression level after oxidative stress was evaluated by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Another point analyzed in order to obtain the full-length gene, it was to use a sugarcane genomic library that was hybridized with both cDNAs as a probe. It was found two clones that will bought and sequenced. The promoter region was also cloned. It was obtained sequences only for scMUTM2 promoter region. The sequences obtained were divided into six groups. It was found regulatory motifs such as TATA-box, CAAT-box, oxidative stress element response and regulatory regions that response to light. The other point analyzed was to characterize the N-terminal region by PCR constructs. These constructs have deletions at 5 region. These sequences were introduce into Escherichia coli wild type strain (CC104) and double mutant (CC104mutMmutY). The results showed that proteins with deletions of scMUTM1 N-terminal region were able to complement the Fpg and MutY-glycosylase deficiency in CC104 mutMmutY reducing the spontaneous mutation frequency

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The genome of all organisms is subject to injuries that can be caused by endogenous and environmental factors. If these lesions are not corrected, it can be fixed generating a mutation which can be lethal to the organisms. In order to prevent this, there are different DNA repair mechanisms. These mechanisms are well known in bacteria, yeast, human, but not in plants. Two plant models Oriza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana had the genome sequenced and due to this some DNA repair genes have been characterized. The aim of this work is to characterized two sugarcane cDNAs that had homology to AP endonuclease: scARP1 and scARP3. In silico has been done with these two sequences and other from plants. It has been observed domain conservation on these sequences, but the cystein at 65 position that is a characteristic from the redox domain in APE1 protein was not so conservated in plants. Phylogenetic relationship showed two branches, one branch with dicots and monocots sequence and the other branch with only monocots sequences. Another approach in order to characterized these two cDNAs was to construct overexpression cassettes (sense and antisense orientation) using the 35S promoter. After that, these cassettes were transferred to the binary vector pPZP211. Furthermore, previously in the laboratory was obtained a plant from nicotiana tabacum containing the overexpression cassette in anti-sense orientation. It has been observed that this plant had a slow development and problems in setting seeds. After some manual crossing, some seeds were obtained (T2) and it was analyzed the T2 segregation. The third approach used in this work was to clone the promoter region from these two cDNAs by PCR walking. The sequences obtained were analyzed using the program PLANTCARE. It was observed in these sequences some motives that may be related to oxidative stress response

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Sugar cane cultivation in the State of São Paulo has expanded in the last years, with an annual production of 200 10(6) t in an area of 2.5 10(6) hectares. The use of herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers in sugar cane plantations, together with deforestation of riparian vegetation, have caused impacts on the hydric resources of the adjacent areas. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of sugar cane plantations on streams in the central region of the State of São Paulo, studying 16 organochlorinated compounds and 7 metals (Cu, Fe, Cd, Zn, Mn, Cr and Ni) found in the sediments of 11 streams. The results show that there is a higher concentration of metals and organochlorinated compounds in streams without riparian vegetation when compared to forested areas.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a dinâmica do herbicida amicarbazone (Dinamic) aplicado sobre palha de cana-de-açúcar deixada sobre o solo, em sistema de cana crua. Três ensaios foram realizados para avaliar a dinâmica desse herbicida aplicado sobre diferentes quantidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar, em diferentes intervalos de tempo e volumes de simulação de chuvas após aplicação do herbicida. No primeiro ensaio, foi avaliada a interceptação do herbicida por 0, 1, 2,5, 5, 7,5, 10, 15 e 20 t de palha de cana-de-açúcar ha-1. A lixiviação do herbicida em 5, 10, 15 e 20 t de palha ha-1 foi avaliada sob simulação de chuva de 2,5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 35 e 65 mm, um dia após a aplicação (DAPC) do segundo ensaio. As chuvas foram acumulativas, aplicando-se de 2,5 em 2,5 mm. No terceiro ensaio, foi avaliado o efeito dos intervalos de tempo entre a aplicação do herbicida e a primeira chuva na lixiviação do herbicida Dinamic (0, 1, 7, 15 e 30 dias) em 10 t de palha ha-1, em função das mesmas precipitações simuladas no segundo ensaio. Nos segundo e terceiro ensaios foi realizada uma simulação de 20 mm em intensidade de 115 mm h-¹ aos 7 e 14 dias após as primeiras chuvas (DAPC). Os resultados obtidos no segundo e terceiro ensaios foram ajustados pelo modelo de Mitscherlich (Y = a * (1-10-c * (b + x))). A quantificação do herbicida foi realizada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Quantidades de palha iguais ou superiores a 5 t ha-1 apresentam interceptação quase que total do herbicida no momento da aplicação, sendo nula a transposição. Com o aumento da quantidade de palha, ocorreu diminuição na quantidade de herbicida lixiviado pela ação da chuva simulada, principalmente para valores de 15 e 20 t de palha de cana-de-açúcar ha-1. Quanto maior o intervalo de tempo entre a aplicação do herbicida e a primeira chuva, menor é a lixiviação total do produto. em relação às chuvas aos 7 e 14 DAPC, no segundo e terceiro ensaios, foram observadas pequenas quantidades extraídas do herbicida, considerando-se que grande parte do amicarbazone foi lixiviada com as primeiras chuvas, que indicaram que os primeiros 20 mm de chuva simulada foram importantes para lixiviação da maior parte do amicarbazone (Dinamic) retido pela palha no momento da aplicação.

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Existem muitas opções de herbicidas para aplicações em pré-emergência em cana-de-açúcar, mas o grande desafio atual para a cultura é o controle pós-emergente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do herbicida mesotrione em mistura com ametryn e metribuzin no controle em pós-emergência de 10 espécies daninhas semeadas em cana-de-açúcar, variedade RB 86-7515. As espécies daninhas selecionadas para o experimento foram: Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria plantaginea, Cenchrus echinatus, Digitaria horizontalis, Panicum maximum, Amaranthus deflexus, Bidens pilosa, Euphorbia heterophylla, Ipomoea nil e Sida glaziovii, semeadas nas entrelinhas após a emergência da cultura. Os herbicidas foram aplicados aos 45 dias após o plantio da cana-de-açúcar, com as plantas daninhas monocotiledôneas na fase de terceiro perfilho e as dicotiledôneas com três a quatro pares de folhas, e constaram dos seguintes tratamentos: mesotrione (120 g ha-1); ametryn (2.000 g ha-1); metribuzin (1.920 g ha-1); mesotrione + ametryn (120 g + 2.000 g ha-1); mesotrione + metribuzin (120 g + 1920 g ha-1) e testemunhas no mato e no limpo. Concluiu-se que os herbicidas isolados ou em mistura foram seletivos à cana-de-açúcar. Com relação à eficácia, observou-se que o herbicida mesotrione foi eficiente no controle de A. deflexus; ametryn, no controle de A. deflexus, B. pilosa e I. nil; metribuzin, no controle de A. deflexus, B. pilosa e S. glaziovii; mesotrione + ametryn, no controle de B. decumbens, B. plantaginea, D. horizontalis, P. maximum, A. deflexus, B. pilosa, I. nil e S. glaziovii; e mesotrione + metribuzin, no controle de B. plantaginea, D. horizontalis, P. maximum, A. deflexus, B. pilosa e S. glaziovii. Foi constatado elevado efeito sinergístico do mesotrione com os herbicidas testados, sendo o efeito mais pronunciado na mistura com o ametryn.

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O herbicida metribuzin é recomendado para o controle de plantas daninhas na cultura de cana-de-açúcar. Entretanto, seu comportamento em áreas com colheita mecânica, que deixa grande quantidade de palha sobre o solo, não é bem conhecido. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a dinâmica do herbicida metribuzin aplicado sobre diferentes quantidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar, períodos e intensidades de chuvas após a aplicação. Foram realizados três ensaios para avaliar a dinâmica do metribuzin aplicado sobre a palha de cana-de-açúcar. No primeiro, foi avaliada a interceptação do herbicida por 0, 1, 2,5, 5, 7,5, 10, 15 e 20 t de palha de cana-de-açúcar por hectare. No segundo, avaliou-se a lixiviação do metribuzin em 5, 10, 15 e 20 t de palha por hectare sob simulação de chuva de 2,5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 35, 50 e 100 mm, um dia após a aplicação (DAA). No terceiro, foi avaliado o efeito dos intervalos de tempo entre a aplicação do herbicida e a primeira chuva na lixiviação do metribuzin (0, 1, 7, 14 e 28 dias) em 10 t de palha por hectare, em função das mesmas precipitações simuladas no segundo ensaio. Os resultados obtidos no segundo e terceiro ensaios foram ajustados pelo modelo de Mitscherlich. A quantificação do herbicida foi realizada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. A quantidade de metribuzin que transpõe as diferentes quantidades de palha com simulação acumulada de 100 mm de chuva é diferenciada, sendo maior para 5 t ha-1 e menor para quantidades maiores, até 20 t ha-1. A simulação média de chuvas equivalentes a de 20 a 30 mm iniciais é suficiente para promover uma transposição maior que 99% do metribuzin. Este herbicida é retido quando aplicado sobre a palha de cana-de-açúcar e permanece por períodos de até 28 DAA sem chuva.

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Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)