SN2003du: 480 days in the life of a normal type Ia supernova

Aims. We present a study of the optical and near-infrared (NIR) properties of the Type Ia Supernova (SNIa) 2003du.

Βία και πορνεία

This paper presents the results of qualitative interviews with 21 women involved in prostitution in Greece. The respondents described high levels of violence perpetrated against them. They reported considerable childhood abuse mostly by family members. They also described experiences of violence by their “clients”. At the same time though they engaged in attempts to undermine the violence they faced by presenting it as normal part of prostitution. Findings are discussed in terms of prostitution as a form of violence against women

The performance of a cathodic protection system in reinforced concrete structure: Monitoring and Service Life Modelling

The use of cathodic protection in reinforced concrete is becoming increasingly common with such systems being installed on a number of structures throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland. However the prescribed design lives (or service life) of each cathodic protection system vary widely. The aim of this project was to assess the effectiveness of a sacrificial anode cathodic protection system and to predict its design life through a series of laboratory based experiments. The experimental plan involved casting a number of slabs which represented a common road bridge structure. The corrosion of the steel within the experimental slabs was then accelerated prior to installation of a cathodic protection system. During the experiment corrosion potential of the steel reinforcement was monitored using half-cell measurement. Additionally the current flow between the cathodic protection system and the steel reinforcement was recorded to assess the degree of protection. A combination of theoretical calculations and experimental results were then collated to determine the design life of this cathodic protection system. It can be concluded that this sacrificial anode based cathodic protection system was effective in halting the corrosion of steel reinforcement in the concrete slabs studied. Both the corrosion current and half-cell potentials indicated a change in passivity for the steel reinforcement once sacrificial anodes were introduced. The corrosion current was observed to be sensitive to the changes to the exposure environment. Based on the experimental variables studied the design life of this sacrificial anode can be taken as 26 to 30 years.

Consistency of arsenic speciation in global tobacco products with implications for health and regulation

Background: Tobacco smoke is a major risk to the health of its users and arsenic is among the components of smoke present at concentrations of toxicological concern. There are significant variations in human toxicity between inorganic and organic arsenic species and the aim of this study was to determine whether there are predictable relationships among major arsenic species in tobacco that could be useful for risk assessment.

Methods: 14 samples of tobacco were studied spanning a wide range of concentrations in samples from different geographical regions, including certified reference materials and cigarette products. Inorganic and major organic arsenic species were extracted from powdered tobacco samples by nitric acid using microwave digestion. Concentrations of arsenic species in these extracts were determined using HPLC-ICPMS.

Results: The concentrations of total inorganic arsenic species range from 144 to 3914 mu g kg(-1), while organic species dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) ranges from 21 to 176 mu g As kg(-1), and monomethylarsonic acid (MA) ranges from 30 to 116 mu g kg(-1). The percentage of species eluted compared to the total arsenic extracted ranges from 11.1 to 36.8% suggesting that some As species (possibly macro-molecules, strongly complexed or in organic forms) do not elute from the column. This low percentage of column-speciated arsenic is indicative that more complex forms of arsenic exist in the tobacco. All the analysed species correlate positively with total arsenic concentration over the whole compositional range and regression analysis indicates a consistent ratio of about 4:1 in favour of inorganic arsenic compared with MA + DMA.

Conclusions: The dominance of inorganic arsenic species among those components analysed is a marked feature of the diverse range of tobaccos selected for study. Such consistency is important in the context of a WHO expert panel recommendation to regulate tobacco crops and products using total arsenic concentration. If implemented more research would be required to develop models that accurately predict the smoker's exposure to reduced inorganic arsenic species on the basis of leaf or product concentration and product design features.

THE SYNTHESIS OF BRIDGED-RING CARBOCYCLES AND HETEROCYCLES VIA PALLADIUM CATALYZED REGIOSPECIFIC CYCLIZATION REACTIONS

A catalyst system comprising 10 mol % (Pd(OAc) and 20 mol % PPh3 effects the cyclisation of aryl halides onto proximate alkenes via 5-, 6-, and 7-exo-trig, and 7-endo-trig processes giving a variety of bridged-ring carbo- and hetero-cycles in excellent yield. Double bond isomerisation in the product is rarely encountered and may be suppressed by the addition of Tl(1) salts. One example of diastereospecific bis-cyclisation is given and the crystal structure of 1-aza-2-sulphonyl-3,4-benzobicyclo[3.2.1]nona-6-ene is reported.

Influência dos parâmetros geotécnicos na qualidade do desmonte de maciços rochosos fracturados

Uma das operações envolvidas no desmonte de maciços rochosos é a perfuração. A forma como esta é executada é determinante para o sucesso do desmonte. Quando realizada correctamente o desmonte produz uma boa fragmentação, reduzindo a sobrescavação. Assim, a correcta escolha das ferramentas de perfuração assume um papel preponderante para os custos do desmonte em maciço rochosos. Esta dissertação irá centrar-se nos parâmetros Geológicos, Geotécnicos e Geomecânicos e nos desvios de perfuração. O objectivo geral deste trabalho é perceber a interdependência dos parâmetros geológicogeotécnicos e geomecânicos do maciço rochoso com os desvios de perfuração, bem como estudar os ângulos de intersecção entre os furos e as descontinuidades que originam o desvio. O estudo dos parâmetros do maciço rochoso aliado a uma perfuração alinhada é salientado com o intuito de uma abordagem de geoengenharia integrada dos maciços rochosos.

L'Écho de Paris

1897/12/26 (Numéro 4962).

Recueil de prose et de vers concernant Alexandre, Annibal et Scipion, Hector et Achille, Dagobert, Clovis II et Charles VIII, Philippe le Beau, roi d'Espagne, les comtes de Dammartin.

Contient : 1 Histoire de Dagobert et de son fils Louis (Clovis II), et faits et gestes de Assaillant, comte de Dammartin, et de son fils Guérard, en 12 chapitres. Table des chapitres. (Fol. 1.) Le premier chapitre commence par : « En l'an de l'incarnation Nostre Seigneur six cens trante, Dagobert, roy de France... ». (Fol. 4 v°.) Le douzième chapitre finit par : «... et confundirent les mecréans en exaltant tousjours la loy de Nostre Seigneur ». (Fol. 64 v°) ; 2 Dispute entre Alexandre, Annibal et Scipion, au sujet de la prééminence, et jugement de Minos ; 3 Pièce de vers en l'honneur d'une dame ; 4 « L'Epytaphe de Hector » ; 5 « L'Espytaphe d'Achilles » ; 6 Complainte sur la mort de Charles VIII, incomplète du commencement. Les premiers vers sont ; 7 « Epitaphe du roy Charles huitiesme de ce nom » ; 8 Sur la mort de Philippe Ier d'Autriche, roi d'Espagne, mort le 25 sept. 1506, agé de 28 ans ; 9 Note sur le mariage, le 1er sept. 1538, de « noble homme Françoys d'Orléans, seigneur de Rouzay, filz de ... Françoys d'Orléans, grenetier d'Issoidum », et de « Jehanne Boutet », et sur la naissance de leurs enfants

Resoluciones Cámara de Comercio de Bogotá

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