Niagara alternative food projects : networks, discourses and nature /

This thesis undertakes an exploration of the nature of alternative food projects in Niagara. A review of various theoretical approaches to the study of food and agriculture, suggests that actor-network theory offers the most useful lens through which to understand these projects. In particular, actor-network theory facilitates non-dualistic theorisations of power and scale and a commitment to the inclusion of non-humans in the 'social' sciences. The research is based on 19 in-depth interviews with actors involved in various urban and rural projects including community supported agriculture, community gardens, chefs using local seasonal food, a winery that grows organically, the good food box, a value-added small business, and organic producers. The analysis consists of four themes. The first analytical section pays special attention to the prominence of agri-tourism in Niagara, and examines the ways in which the projects in the sample interact with agri-tourist networks. In the second section the discussion focuses on the discourses and practices of resistance among Niagara alternative food actors. The participants' interviews suggest there are more discourses of resistance toward agri-tourist than toward dominant food networks. The third section questions commodity chain theorisations of alternative food projects. In particular, this section shows how the inclusion of non-human actors in an analysis confounds conceptualisations of 'short' and 'local' chains. The final analytical section assesses relations of power in Niagara alternative food projects. Three important conclusions arise from this research. First, Niagara alternative food projects cannot be conceptualised as operating at the 'local' scale. Broadening the scope of analysis to include non-human actors, it becomes apparent that these projects actually draw on a variety of extra-local actors. They are at once local and global. Second, the projects in this sample are simultaneously part of alternative, dominant and agri-tourist networks. While Niagara alternative food projects do perform many of the roles characteristic of alternative food systems, they are also involved in practices of development, business, and class distinction. Thus, alternative food networks should not be understood as separate from and in direct opposition to dominant food networks. Despite the second conclusion, this research determines that Niagara alternative food projects have made significant strides in the reworking of power. The projects represented in this thesis do engage in resistant practices and are associated with increased levels ofjustice.

Espacer l'organisation : trajectoires d'un projet de diffusion de la science et de la technologie au Chili

Comprendre le mode d’existence de l’organisation est certainement l’un des plus grands défis que se sont donnés les chercheurs qui s’intéressent à ce domaine d’étude. La littérature nous présente ainsi plusieurs images, métaphores et perspectives qui, combinées, dressent un portrait hybride de ce type de collectif. Je propose, dans cette thèse, de reconnaître et exploiter ce caractère hybride de l’organisation en partant d’une réflexion centrée sur l'espace. En m’inspirant particulièrement des travaux de la géographe Doreen Massey (1999, 2005), le concept d'espace auquel je souscris est celui d’un espace ouvert et dynamique (qui incorpore le temps), basé sur une relationalité matérielle et hétérogène, supposant des acteurs humains et non humains en interaction. L'espace peut donc être compris comme la coexistence d’ontologies hétérogènes, ce que Massey (2005) nomme une coexistence de trajectoires comme stories-so-far. Il s’agit ici d’une vision performative de l’espace organisationnel qui est constitué dans la relation de trajectoires distinctes qui coexistent, se rencontrent, s’affectent, entrent en conflit ou coopèrent (Massey, 1999). Je postule que pour assurer une certaine continuité et cohérence dans la coexistence de trajectoires hétérogènes, un travail d’alignement et d’ordonnancement est mis à l’oeuvre, et ce, par le suivi d’une trajectoire principale — ce que je nomme une trajectoire scriptée. Suivre cette trajectoire permet ainsi à l’organisation de s’étendre, de se rendre présente dans le temps et dans l’espace, sans pour autant perdre son identité : to be here and there at the same time, now and then at the same place. À partir de cette définition de l’espace, je propose d’« espacer l’organisation », et plus particulièrement d’« espacer » Explora, un programme d’éducation non formelle du gouvernement du Chili visant la diffusion et la valorisation de la science et de la technologie. Cette proposition est double : elle renvoie aux pratiques d’espacements — des pratiques hybrides, collectives et situées — des agents organisationnels (dans ce cas, aux pratiques des agents d’Explora impliqués dans l’organisation d’un projet, celui de la Semaine de la science 2006),mais aussi à une pratique de recherche. « Espacer l’organisation » veut donc dire déployer ces espaces pleins, déplier l’organisation, accroître la série des simultanéités-successions pour ainsi créer plus d’espace-temps.

Health promotion program implementation, a socio-technical networking process : a case study of a school-based nutrition intervention

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Le processus de création d'une revue d'entreprise : comment se construit la voix organisationnelle officielle

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

La distribution des connaissances dans la gestion du risque : analyse des interactions dans le cadre du Comité de la protection civile de la Mairie de Tecoluca - Salvador

Le sujet de la gestion du risque m’a toujours interpelée, surtout après que j’ai vécu deux ouragans et un tremblement de terre dévastateurs au Salvador. Bien qu’on ait assez écrit sur le sujet en le reliant souvent aux changements climatiques, on ne sait pas comment les organisations gouvernementales et civiles vivent cette gestion du risque au quotidien. À partir d’une étude ethnographique de la Commission de la protection civile de la Mairie de Tecoluca au Salvador, j’observais les processus qui se mettent en place dans la recherche et l’analyse des facteurs structuraux causant les situations de vulnérabilité. Pour ce faire, j’adoptais une approche basée sur l’étude des interactions, mobilisant les théories de la cognition distribuée et de l’acteur réseau. Comme je le montre, la gestion du risque, vue comme un processus participatif, se caractérise, d’une part, par la coopération et la coordination entre les personnes et, d’autre part, par la contribution d’outils, de technologies, de documents et de méthodes contribuant à la détection de risques. Ceci exige la mobilisation de connaissances qui doivent être produites, partagées et distribuées entre les membres d’un groupe à travers les divers artéfacts, outils, méthodes et technologies qu’ils mobilisent et qui les mobilisent. À ce sujet, la théorie de la cognition distribuée permet d’explorer des interactions qui se produisent au sein d’un groupe de travail en se focalisant sur ce qui contribue à l’acte de connaitre, conçu comme une activité non pas seulement individuelle, mais surtout collective et distribuée. Par ailleurs, la théorie de l’acteur-réseau me permet, quant à elle, de montrer comment dans l’exécution de cette tâche (la gestion du risque), la contribution active d’acteurs non humains, tant en soi qu’en relations avec les acteurs humains, participe de l’activité de détection et de prévention du risque.

El patrimonio cultural nos incluye a todos. Fundación Eliécer Silva Celis : una organización inteligente

El proyecto consta de tres componentes fundamentales los cuales son: (1) Crear un modelo organizacional inteligente que se articule a las demandas culturales de la comunidad de Sogamoso y contribuya a apropiación del patrimonio cultural en el departamento de Boyacá. (2) Formular un plan estratégico para la FESC que promueva procesos culturales de comunicación, intercambio y apropiación del patrimonio cultural. (3) Diseñar una estrategia de sostenibilidad para la FESC basada en la importancia de divulgar y educar en torno al patrimonio cultural.

The Sociology of the Web

A sociologist's description of the Web as a socially constructed/discovered/encountered piece of technology.

Social Networks and Actors

A discussion about Actor Network Theory

Emerging hybrid practices in construction design work: role of mixed media

Information technologies are used across all stages of the construction process, and are crucial in the delivery of large projects. Drawing on detailed research on a construction megaproject, we take a practice-based approach to examining the practical and theoretical tensions between existing ways of working and the introduction of new coordination tools in this paper. We analyze the new hybrid practices that emerge, using insights from actor-network theory to articulate the delegation of actions to material and digital objects within ecologies of practice. The three vignettes that we discuss highlight this delegation of actions, the “plugging” and “patching” of ecologies occurring across media and the continual iterations of working practices between different types of media. By shifting the focus from tools to these wider ecologies of practice, the approach has important managerial mplications for the stabilization of new technologies and practices and for managing technological change on large construction projects. We conclude with a discussion of new directions for research, oriented to further elaborating on the importance of the material in understanding change.

Research data management and openness: the role of data sharing in developing institutional policies and practices

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between research data management (RDM) and data sharing in the formulation of RDM policies and development of practices in higher education institutions (HEIs). Design/methodology/approach: Two strands of work were undertaken sequentially: firstly, content analysis of 37 RDM policies from UK HEIs; secondly, two detailed case studies of institutions with different approaches to RDM based on semi-structured interviews with staff involved in the development of RDM policy and services. The data are interpreted using insights from Actor Network Theory. Findings: RDM policy formation and service development has created a complex set of networks within and beyond institutions involving different professional groups with widely varying priorities shaping activities. Data sharing is considered an important activity in the policies and services of HEIs studied, but its prominence can in most cases be attributed to the positions adopted by large research funders. Research limitations/implications: The case studies, as research based on qualitative data, cannot be assumed to be universally applicable but do illustrate a variety of issues and challenges experienced more generally, particularly in the UK. Practical implications: The research may help to inform development of policy and practice in RDM in HEIs and funder organisations. Originality/value: This paper makes an early contribution to the RDM literature on the specific topic of the relationship between RDM policy and services, and openness – a topic which to date has received limited attention.

Nonhuman empires

The themed section “Nonhuman Empires” contributes to a critique of anthropocentrism in the field of imperial history. It reveals the variety of ways in which the historical trajectories of nonhuman animals and empires both intersected and informed one another. Beyond merely rehabilitating nonhuman themes in conversations about imperial history, it provides a platform for rethinking both nonhumans and empires as they are envisioned conventionally in the historiography. This introductory article begins by situating this special section as a conversation between science studies and animal studies, on the one hand, and the historiography of empires, on the other. It then suggests ways to reconceptualize agency, subjects, nonhumans, and empire by combining certain shared concerns of subaltern studies and actor-network theory. Finally, it emphasizes the need to integrate postcolonial critiques with emerging scholarship about the posthuman.

Incorporation of different and changing client interests in the course of a project

There is a widespread assumption that clients’ expectations should be accommodated during a building project. However, there may be conflicting expectations within a client organization and these may change over time in the course of a project. Actor-Network Theory (ANT) is used to study the incorporation of client expectations into the on-going development of a building project. To illustrate this, negotiations over a particular decision, namely the location of a building on one university campus was analysed. Negotiations went through a number of stages, involving a master plan architect, members of the public, campus maps and the Vice Chancellor. An ANT analysis helped to trace diverse actors' interests in a series of discussions and how these interests conflict with each other as one option was chosen over another. The analysis revealed new client interests in each negotiation process. Also, the prioritisation of client interests changed over time. The documentation of diverse and dynamic client interests especially contributes to the understanding of how some client interests fail to be incorporated in decision-making processes

Tracing client interests in the course of a project: why are some client interests incorporated whereas others are not?

Many construction professionals and policy-makers would agree that client expectations should be accommodated during a building project. However, this aspiration is not easy to deal with as there may be conflicting interests within a client organization and these may change over time in the course of a project. This research asks why some client interests, and not others, are incorporated into the development of a building project. Actor-Network Theory (ANT) is used to study a single building project on a University campus. The building project is analysed as a number of discussions and negotiations, in which actors persuade each other to choose one solution over another. The analysis traces dynamic client engagement in decision-making processes as available options became increasingly constrained. However, this relative loss of control was countered by clients who continued the control over the timing of participants' involvement, and thus the way to impose their interests even at the later stage of the project.

O espaço público como uma rede de atores : a formação da política de erradicação do trabalho infantil no Brasil

Esta tese trata da formação de uma política pública dentro do novo contexto no qual o espaço público brasileiro é organizado no final do século XX, início do século XIX. Para tanto, é analisada a formação da política de erradicação do trabalho infantil, um problema que adentrou a agenda pública mobilizando as forças de atores pertencentes ao Estado, ao mercado e a sociedade nesse espaço público em transformação. Seu objetivo é analisar a formação dessa política a partir de uma perspectiva processual na qual atores situados ordenam uma rede para a sua materialização. Esta pesquisa se fundamenta na Actor-Network Theory e no método interpretativo, com base na hermenêutica, para analisar essa rede de política em formação, como um discurso em ação, através da análise crítica de discurso. Como resultado, conclui-se que a política de erradicação do trabalho infantil no Brasil foi formada através das estratégias discursivas de integração, responsabilização e enfrentamento, dando continuidade ao seu processo de ordenação a partir do indicativo da intersetorialidade.

O museu de arte como processo contínuo: políticas, práticas e visibilidades

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo contribuir para o entendimento de como diferentes tipos de agência, ou sociotecnologias, contribuem para a constituição da política pública de museus no país. Partindo de um estudo de caso da Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo - museu público cuja gestão foi transferida para uma Organização Social privada sem fins lucrativos - foram observados e analisados os relatos e narrativas dos atores envolvidos nas atividades cotidianas do museu. Utilizando ferramentas analíticas da teoria dos atores-rede e da nova sociologia pragmática, argumenta-se que considerar a agência como uma gama de instrumentos sociotécnicos possibilita a melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de coordenação das novas formas de governabilidade que têm se desenhado a partir da reforma do Estado brasileiro