970 resultados para 9-82


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下载PDF阅读器2008年3月-2009年3月,把35 000尾滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)仔稚鱼分别饲养于3个池塘进行对比饲养研究.密度分别是:P1为208尾/m3;P2为167尾/m3;P3为41尾/m3.饲养期间采用相同的管理措施.每天数据收集采用:在仔鱼孵化后的5~16d的每天8:00和18:00从每个育苗池中捞取5~8尾仔鱼进行测量分析.仔鱼开口30d后,每月从培育池各捞取15尾,测量全长和体重.研究发现,滇池金线鲃仔鱼的开口时间为孵化后的5 d,混合营养期3~5d,这与初孵的演池金线鲃仔鱼的全长和卵黄囊较大有关.在容易造成仔鱼大量死亡的混合营养期,通过采用浆状物-轮虫-人工混合饲料的方式,大幅度提高了滇池金线鲃仔稚鱼的存活率,孵化一年后的滇池会线鲃稚鱼存活率可达82.7%.经过一周年的饲养,滇池金线鲃稚鱼的体重由(0.027±0.01)g(0.003~1.22)增长到(8.83±0.54)g (3.7~16.7),月均增重为0.73 g;全长由(15.8±0.30)mm (11.5~20.0)增长到(91.6±1.67)mm (75.0~16.0),全长月均增长6.32 mm.滇池金线鲃稚鱼全年全长的增长呈线性相关,y=9.82+7.05month(R2=0.9891);全年体重的增长呈指数关系,y=0.0158month2.54(R2=0.9939).

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对转基因鱼试验湖7个采样点的浮游生物群落进行了PCR-DGGE指纹分析,并进而探讨了DNA指纹与理化因子的关系。结果表明:(1)PCR-DGGE指纹图谱中共含104谱带,其中原核谱带58条,真核谱带46条,其多态性位点分别为87.9%和82.6%。(2)各站点的理化因子中,Ⅰ站的TP含量最高(0.10mg/L),TN含量在Ⅲ站最高(0.34mg/L),且各站点波动较大,Ⅴ站的透明度最低(63.00cm);NO3-N、NH4-N、pH、DO、COD及电导率在各站点变化不大。基于原核生物图谱的相似性聚类分析表

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年龄6±6小时的纯系大型溞培养在25±1℃静置换水条件下,饲以斜生栅藻,其平均寿命为68.40±9.82天。龄期(x)和年龄(t,天)之间呈曲线迴归关系:t=-2.245+1.510x+0.035x~2(r=0.99,p<0.01)。累计生殖量417—567个,最大生殖量在第12龄。在体长2.5—4.0毫米之间生殖量(Y,个数)和体长(l,毫米)的关系为:lgY=2.65lgl-0.04(r=0.975,p<0.001)。种群增长呈logistic曲线型,其方程式为: Y=4,400/(1+e~(3.86

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丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus, HCV)的全基因组序列测定,曾经由于许多方面 的条件限制而难于完成。但是,其对于研究HCV 分子病毒学、流行病学、进化和致 病性却至关重要,特别是在临床应用中,不同序列的基因型决定α-干扰素治疗的不同 效果。在本研究完成之前,HCV 基因型6 仅有6 个亚型有其全基因组序列。因此, 本研究的主要目的在于,测定HCV 变异株代表基因型6 其余的11 个亚型和新亚型的 全基因组序列,并深入分析。 本研究从样品分别来自于中国、泰国,和在美国及加拿大生活的东南亚国家移民 的HCV 感染者。因为样品有限,改良传统的PCR 方法,摸索出“桥”和“岛”DNA 全序列扩增法,从每例样品100μl 血清或从100μl 血清中获得的cDNA 中测定了13 个HCV 全基因组核苷酸序列。 以来源于Genbank 的已知基因型6 的七个全长序列为参考对所测定的13 个亚型 全序列进行共同分析显示,这些全基因组核苷酸的两两比较相似率变化范围为 71.9%--82.7%,著地, 这四对序列间的相同率高于标准定义的HCV 基因亚型之间的 范围值75%-80%。为了进一步理解和证实这些亚型间的遗传相似性,本研究还测定 了代表这4 对亚型的病毒原型株的全基因序列,结果显示了相同的核苷酸水平上的变 异范围,这为HCV 基因亚型的分类提供了新的认识,亦强调了全长序列对于分类的 重要性。 从系统发育方面的分析证实,本研究所测得的13 个分离株都属于基因型6。在系 统发育树上,每个病毒株代表一个独立的枝。并形成了高度分化的HCV 基因型6 分 枝,从而清楚显示,各亚型的独立分布。本研究至此完成了基因型6 中17 个亚型的 全序列测定,而km41 和gz52557 因缺乏其临床上和流行病学上的多个感染病例的证 实,而继续保留其亚型未命名状态。结合来源于Los Alamos HCV database 的基因型6 的已知部分序列的变异株进一步分析,发现各相近亚型变异株均来自东南亚或东南亚国家移民,这提示了这些HCV 的相同感染源。 为了探讨HCV 夫妻间传播的可能性,本研究还测定了来自于泰国的两位感染 HCV 的献血员及其感染HCV 的配偶。这4 个基因序列C-0044 和C-0046 之间核苷 酸相同率为98.1%,而C-0185 和 C-0192 之间为97.8%。文献研究感染HCV 的夫妇 间的部分亚基因序列的相同率为96.3%至100%,本研究结果与此范围相符,并第一 次用全基因组序列提示了HCV 在夫妻间传播的可能性。 本研究还测定了基因型6 的另一个变异株的全基因组序列:HK6554,香港的某患 者,与上文中的GX004 一起,均为静脉吸毒者,并共同感染了HCV 和HIV-1。分析 结果还表明了一种趋势,即是在中国南方,基因亚型6e 有从以前的地方性传播方式 转为现有的流行性传播方式。这种转变可能由于静脉吸毒感染HCV 的人群的网络传 播而加快。 综上,本研究用传统PCR、简并引物结合链特异引物的方法有效地测定了共21 个病毒株的全基因序列。该方法也可用于其它分子流行病学的研究,特别在测定珍贵 的病毒序列然而样品量又受限时。本研究所测定的全基因组序列代表HCV 中最古老、 分化最多、地方性传播、又可能动物源性的基因型6 的全套17 个亚型。这有助于进 一步理解HCV 基因亚型的分类意义、更准确评价HCV 的进化和起源,亦有助于发 现HCV 新的变异株和提高临床诊断、治疗,为将来HCV 的流行及公众健康的预测、 预防和疫苗的制备奠定了坚实的分子遗传学基础。

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首先介绍了重离子束治癌的特点及当前的技术进步, 着重讨论了放射性离子束(RIB)在肿瘤治疗上增添的优势, 详细叙述了在日本放射医学综合研究所(NIRS)重离子医用加速器(HIMAC)上旨在肿瘤治疗的放射性离子束 C 的实验研究, 包括束流产生、参数优化、深度物理剂量分布、细胞辐照后的存 9活效应以及 C 和 C 束的相对生物效率(RBE)比较. 最终结果: 在40 mm 厚铍靶、10 mm 厚铝降能器、 9 125%动量接收度时, 采用 430 MeV/u、1.8×109 粒子/s 的初试束 C, 得到的 C 束的产生率为 9.07×10?6, 12 9纯度为 82.88%, 采用点扫描技术时, 在直径为 10 mm 的中心面积内, 可获得均匀度为 89.6%的辐照场,这时在入口处的剂量率为0.5Gy/h. 在Bragg峰附近范围内的细胞存活实验中, C束的平均RBE为5.28, 9而 C 束的平均 RBE 为 2.93, C 束的 RBE 要比 C 束的高1.8 倍, 这显示 C 束在 Bragg 峰附近范围内, 12 9 12 9对细胞的杀伤力要比 C 强, 在肿瘤治疗上会更有效. 12

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本文研究了放牧与刈割两种草地利用方式对科尔沁草甸植被演替的影响。结果表明:1)在自由放牧干扰下,优势度最大的前五个种为虎尾草(27.8)、蒲公英(3.52)、狼毒(3.42)、野韭菜(3.03)、鹅绒委陵菜(2.67);在秋季割草干扰下,优势度最大的前五个种为大油芒(9.57)、狗尾草(7.36)、野古草(6.36)、洽草(4.85)、芦苇(4.74)等五种禾本科植物;2)在自由放牧干扰下,一年生植物在群落中占据重要地位,其优势度为35.0,小于多年生植物的优势度55.9;在割草干扰下,多年生植物在群落中占据绝对优势,其优势度为82.9,大于一年生植物优势度10.6;3)在放牧扰动下,草地群落物种替代表现在不同植物生活型之间,主要是多年生草本为一年生草本和灌木所替代;表现在同一生活型不同物种之间,主要是多年生优质牧草为多年生劣质牧草或有毒有害杂草替代。

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以浅沟集水区为研究对象,分析了子午岭地区林地被开垦破坏15年后裸露地在不同侵蚀强度和侵蚀方式下的土壤养分流失和土壤微生物数量的变化。结果表明,林地开垦破坏后,土壤侵蚀加剧发展,侵蚀强度达159.7t/(hm2.a),是林地土壤侵蚀量的上千倍。开垦破坏15年后,裸露地浅沟集水区不同地形部位表层土壤全氮、有机碳、速效磷和土壤微生物总数显著减少,同林地相比,依次分别减少37.9%~82.6%、42.7%~86.4%、24.2%~80.3%和31.8%9~2.0%。在裸露地浅沟集水区梁坡随坡长的增加,表层土壤有机碳、全氮和速效磷含量及微生物总数呈显著的下降趋势,且沟槽的土壤各养分含量及微生物总数明显低于沟间。裸露地浅沟集水区土壤养分流失强度及微生物数量减少幅度在浅沟集水区的空间分布与土壤侵蚀方式和侵蚀强度相对应。林地开垦破坏15年后,土壤养分以有机碳流失最严重,其次分别为速效磷、全氮;微生物中的真菌减少幅度最大,细菌次之,放线菌减少幅度最小。

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基于2473个土壤剖面资料和1980年代末~1990年代末陆地卫星TM影像分析中国1990~2000年林地、草地、耕地之间的土地利用变化对土壤碳氮蓄积量的影响。IPCC建议的国家温室气体清单方法计算表明从1990~2000年中国林地、草地、耕地土壤(30cm)有机碳氮库分别损失了77.6±35.2TgC(1Tg=106t)和5.6±2.6TgN,年均损失约7.76TgC/yr和0.56TgN/yr,其中耕地土壤碳库分别增加了79.0±7.7TgC和9.0±0.7TgN,草地土壤碳氮蓄积量分别损失了100.7±25.9TgC和9.8±2.2TgN,林地土壤碳氮蓄积量分别损失了55.9±17.0TgC和4.9±1.1TgN。同时根据中国6大行政区林地、耕地和草地之间的相互转换面积、土壤有机碳氮密度的变化率进行估算,表明土壤(30cm和100cm)有机碳氮蓄积量分别损失了53.7TgC、5.1TgN和99.5TgC、9.4TgN。由于中国不同地区土地利用变化的空间格局差异显著,从而导致东北地区土壤碳氮蓄积量变化较大,而华东地区变化较小。

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Introduction : L’expansion palatine rapide assistée chirurgicalement (EPRAC) est une option de traitement privilégiée chez les patients ayant atteint la maturité squelettique et présentant une déficience transverse du maxillaire. L’effet bénéfique de l’EPRAC sur la fonction respiratoire est régulièrement mentionné, toutefois, encore peu d’études ont évalué son impact sur les voies aériennes supérieures. L’objectif de cette étude clinique prospective comparative consistait à évaluer les effets tridimensionnels de l’EPRAC sur la cavité nasale, le nasopharynx et l’oropharynx à l’aide de la tomodensitométrie. Méthodologie : L’échantillon était constitué de 14 patients (5 hommes, 9 femmes) dont l’âge moyen était de 23,0 ± 1,9 ans (16 ans 4 mois à 39 ans 7 mois). Tous ont été traités avec un appareil d’expansion de type Hyrax collé et l’expansion moyenne a été de 9,82 mm (7,5 - 12,0 mm). Tous ont eu une période de contention d’une année avant le début de tout autre traitement orthodontique. Une évaluation par tomodensitométrie volumique à faisceau conique a été réalisée aux temps T0 (initial), T1 (6 mois post-expansion) et T2 (1an post-expansion) et le volume des fosses nasales, du nasopharynx et de l’oropharynx ainsi que les dimensions de la zone de constriction maximale de l’oropharynx ont été mesurés sur les volumes tridimensionnels obtenus. Résultats : Les résultats radiologiques ont démontré une augmentation significative du volume des fosses nasales et du nasopharynx ainsi qu’une augmentation de la zone de constriction maximale de l’oropharynx à 6 mois post-expansion. Par la suite, une portion du gain enregistré pour ces trois paramètres était perdue à un an post-EPRAC sans toutefois retourner aux valeurs initiales. Aucun effet significatif sur le volume de l’oropharynx n’a été observé. De plus, aucune corrélation significative entre la quantité d’expansion réalisée et l’ensemble des données radiologiques n’a été observée. L’analyse de la corrélation intra-classe a démontré une excellente fiabilité intra-examinateur. Conclusions : L’EPRAC entraîne un changement significatif du volume de la cavité nasale et du nasopharynx. L’EPRAC ne modifie pas le volume de l’oropharynx, par contre, un effet significatif sur la zone de constriction maximale de l’oropharynx est noté. Les effets observés n’ont pas de corrélation avec le montant d’activation de la vis d’expansion.

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El objetivo del presente trabajo es formular, mediante una profunda revisión documental, bibliográfica y empírica, una fundamentación teórica sobre si existe o no incidencia de las prácticas de recursos humanos sobre el bienestar laboral de los empleados, y el que grado en que esta se presenta sobre aspecto como el engagement y la satisfacción laboral. Se realizó la revisión de múltiples estudios empíricos que aportaran evidencia sobre la relación que se presenta entre las principales prácticas de recursos humanos – provisión de personal, formación y desarrollo, promoción de personal, evaluación de desempeño, compensación y pago, y balance trabajo-familia – y el bienestar laboral, representado en el engagement y satisfacción en el trabajo de los empleados. Los resultados de este trabajo indican la existencia de una relación e incidencia de las prácticas de recursos humanos, el bienestar laboral, el engagement y la satisfacción laboral. De igual forma se encontró que estas relaciones son principalmente de carácter positivo, lo cual indica que las organizaciones que desarrollan este tipo de prácticas en su interior, fomentan tanto el desarrollo y la presencia de bienestar laboral en sus empleados, como su perdurabilidad.

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This randomized controlled trial involving 110 healthy neonates studied physiological and bifidogenic effects of galactooligosaccharides (GOS), oligofructose and long-chain inulin (FOS) in formula. Subjects were randomized to Orafti Synergy1 (50 oligofructose: 50 FOS) 0.4g/dl or 0.8g/dl, GOS:FOS (90:10) 0.8g/dl or a standard formula according to Good Clinical Practise (GCP) guidelines. A breast-fed group was included for comparison. Outcome parameters were weight, length, intake, stool characteristics, crying, regurgitation, vomiting, adverse events and fecal bacterial population counts. Statistical analyses used non-parametric tests. During the first month of life weight, length, intake and crying increased significantly in all groups. Regurgitation and vomiting scores were low and similar. Stool frequency decreased significantly and similarly in all formula groups but was lower than in the breast-fed. All prebiotic groups maintained soft stools, only slightly harder than those of breast-fed infants. The standard group had significantly harder stools at wks 2 and 4 compared to 1 (P<0.001 & P=0.0279). The total number of fecal bacteria increased in all prebiotic groups (9.82, 9.73 and 9.91 to 10.34, 10.38 and 10.37, respectively, log10 cells/g feces, P=0.2298) and resembled more the breast-fed pattern. Numbers of lactic acid bacteria, bacteroides and clostridia were comparable. In the SYN1 0.8 g/dl and GOS:FOS groups Bifidobacterium counts were significantly higher at D14 & 28 compared to D3 and comparable to the breast-fed group. Tolerance and growth were normal. In conclusion, stool consistency and bacterial composition of infants taking SYN1 0.8 g/dl or GOS:FOS supplemented formula was closer to the breast-fed pattern. There was no risk for dehydration.

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Introduction: A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. This phenomenon is supported by recent studies suggesting a chronic, low-grade inflammation status. Endotoxin derived from gut flora may be key to the development of inflammation by stimulating the secretion of inflammatory factors. This study aimed to examine plasma inflammatory markers and endotoxin levels in individuals with a sedentary lifestyle and/or in highly trained subjects at rest. Methods: Fourteen male subjects (sedentary lifestyle n = 7; highly trained subjects n = 7) were recruited. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast (similar to 12 h). The plasmatic endotoxin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP1), ICAM/CD54, VCAM/CD106 and lipid profile levels were determined. Results: Endotoxinemia was lower in the highly trained subject group relative to the sedentary subjects (p < 0.002). In addition, we observed a positive correlation between endotoxin and PAI-1 (r = 0.85, p < 0.0001), endotoxin and total cholesterol (r = 0.65; p < 0.01), endotoxin and LDL-c (r = 0.55; p < 0.049) and endotoxin and TG levels (r = 0.90; p < 0.0001). The plasma levels of MCP-1, ICAM/CD54 and VCAM/CD106 did not differ. Conclusion: These results indicate that a lifestyle associated with high-intensity and high-volume exercise induces favorable changes in chronic low-grade inflammation markers and may reduce the risk for diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

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ABSTRACT
Home and school are important settings where children can accrue health promoting physical activity (PA). Little is known about the PA levels and associated environmental characteristics at home and school in children with cerebral palsy (CP). An observational tool - Behaviors of Eating and Activity for Children’s Health Evaluation System (BEACHES) - offers potential for providing information.


Objective: To validate BEACHES against Actigraph accelerometer and to document PA of children with CP at a special residential school facility for children with physical disabilities.

Methods
: Five children with CP (2 girls, 3 boys; aged 9.82 ± 2.39 years) in Level I of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) participated. PA monitoring was conducted once a week during four consecutive weeks at morning recess at school and during after school hours at the children’s residence. Estimates of time spent being sedentary and being active were derived from the Actigraph and compared to estimates obtained with BEACHES.

Results
: Children’s PA observed using BEACHES was comparable to the Actigraph estimations. In general, children were more active at recess than after school and the physical locations assessed by BEACHES were associated with objectively measured PA time.

Conclusion: This pilot study indicates that BEACHES appears to be a suitable measure of PA for children with CP in both home and school settings. Additional study with a larger and more diverse sample is recommended to verify the results.

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The aim of this study was to determine the relative potency of racemic ketamine and S(+)-ketamine for the hypnotic effect and to evaluate the clinical anesthesia produced by equianesthetic doses of these two substances in dogs. One hundred and eight dogs were allocated in groups R2, R2.5, R3, R6, R9, R12, S2, S2.5, S3, S6, S9, and S12, to receive by intravenous route 2, 2.5, 3, 6, 9, and 12 mg/kg of ketamine or S(+)-ketamine, respectively. A dose-effect curve was drawn with the dose logarithm and the percentage of dogs that presented hypnosis in each group. The curve was used to obtain a linear regression, to determine the effective doses 100 and the potency relationship. In another experimental phase, eight groups of five dogs received 3, 6, 9 and 12 mg/kg of ketamine or S(+)-ketamine to evaluate the periods of latency, hypnosis, and total recovery. The times in which the dogs reached the sternal position, attempted to stand up for the first time, recovered the standing position, and started to walk were also recorded. The hypnotic dose for ketamine was 9.82 +/- 3.02 (6.86-16.5) mg/kg and for S(+)-ketamine was 7.76 +/- 2.17 (5.86-11.5) mg/kg. The time of hypnosis was longer in R3 and the first attempt to stand up occurred early in R6 when compared with S3 and S6 respectively. When R9 (100% of hypnosis with ketamine) and S6 [100% of hypnosis with S(+)-ketamine] were compared (1:1.5 ratio), the time to sternal position (12 +/- 2.5 and 20.2 +/- 5.6 min respectively) and the total recovery time (45 +/- 5.5 and 60.2 +/- 5.2 min respectively) were significantly shorter with S(+)-ketamine. It was concluded that the potency ratio between ketamine and S(+)-ketamine in dogs is smaller than the one reported in other species, and that the dose obtained after a reduction of 50%, as usually performed in humans, would not be enough to obtain equianesthetic effects in dogs.

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A compactação do solo tem sido fator físico limitante ao crescimento das plantas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a produção de soja (Glycine max cv. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) 48) em razão do conteúdo de água e da compactação do solo. Usou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x2, ou seja, quatro níveis de resistência à penetração (entre 0,27 e 4,32 MPa) e dois níveis de retenção de água pelo solo (0,05 e 0,01 MPa). Foram utilizadas amostras de Latossolo Vermelho textura média (LVd) e Latossolo Vermelho textura argilosa (LVef), coletadas na profundidade de 020 cm, passadas em peneira de 0,4 cm e compactadas em camadas de 3 cm, em vasos de 20 cm de altura e 25 cm de diâmetro (9,82 L). Os níveis de resistência à penetração foram determinados com o penetrômetro de anel dinamométrico. O nível crítico de resistência do solo à penetração, em relação à produção de grãos, foi de 1,66 e 2,22 MPa, no LVd, e 3,05 e 2,81 MPa, no LVef, para o conteúdo de água retida na tensão de 0,05 e 0,01 MPa, respectivamente. A maior produção de grãos foi obtida na tensão de 0,01 MPa. A produção de grãos de soja é afetada em níveis críticos de resistência do solo à penetração superiores a 2 MPa em latossolos com conteúdo de água retida na tensão de 0,01 MPa.