微囊藻毒素对大鳞副泥鳅胚胎和幼鱼的毒性效应

国家科技部重点项目“滇池蓝藻水华污染控制技术研究”(K99 0 5 35 0 1)资助; 中国科学院武汉分院情报信息中心资助

硒对汞在稀有鲫体内积累动力学影响

通过增加饲料中亚硒酸钠的含量，研究了硒对氯化汞在稀有鲫体内积累动力学的影响，探讨了硒对汞富集的影响机制，并给出了两种硒浓度下汞的积累方程。结果表明，饲料中０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ的硒对鱼体汞富集无明显影响，２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的硒使鱼体汞富集增加。并且高硒饲料降低了鱼对汞的排除常数，使鱼体总汞的稳态含量增大。

Stress analysis of ZnO film with a GaN buffer layer on sapphire substrate

A 5.35-mu m-thick ZnO film is grown by chemical vapour deposition technique on a sapphire (0001) substrate with a GaN buffer layer. The surface of the ZnO film is smooth and shows many hexagonal features. The full width at half maximum of ZnO (0002) omega-rocking curve is 161 arcsec, corresponding to a high crystal quality of the ZnO film. From the result of x-ray diffraction theta - 2. scanning, the stress status in ZnO film is tensile, which is supported by Raman scattering measurement. The reason of the tensile stress in the ZnO film is analysed in detail. The lattice mismatch and thermal mismatch are excluded and the reason is attributed to the coalescence of grains or islands during the growth of the ZnO film.

2种离子固化剂改善黄土抗剪强度和抗渗性的研究

为了探讨CONAID和LUKANG 2种离子固化剂的固土性能及其影响因素,对不同固化剂掺量、养护龄期、压实度和含水率的固化黄土进行了直剪试验和渗透试验。研究结果表明:随着固化剂掺量、养护龄期和压实度增大,2种固化土的内摩擦角和黏聚力呈上升趋势,渗透系数呈下降趋势,且规律比较接近。其中LUKANG固化剂对黄土抗剪强度和抗渗性的改善效果优于CONAID固化剂。建议在施工过程中选用LUKANG固化剂,掺量宜取0.01%。为了达到更好的抗剪和抗渗效果,应尽量延长固化土的养护龄期,增加压实度。

草甘膦的土壤酶效应研究

为了探讨当今世界使用量最大的除草剂——草甘膦的土壤环境效应,本文采用室内模拟方法,较为系统地研究了我国4类土壤:褐土、黄绵土、风沙土和红壤,共11个土样中4种主要酶类(脲酶、转化酶、磷酸酶以及脱氢酶)活性与草甘膦间的关系,计算并得到了能够表征土壤轻度污染的生态剂量值ED10。结果表明:非缓冲液法较好地反映了土壤酶的实际情况;草甘膦总体上激活土壤脲酶、转化酶和脱氢酶活性,最大增幅分别为190%、1372%和42%;抑制磷酸酶活性,最大幅度为35%;磷酸酶与草甘膦间为完全抑制作用机理;激活脱氢酶活性揭示出草甘膦导致了土壤中微生物活性增强,从侧面反映出草甘膦是一种毒性较低的农药。计算获得4类供试土壤褐土、黄绵土、风沙土和红壤ED10值分别为168.3、438.5、35.1和141.4mg·kg-1;在一定程度上用土壤酶活性比生物来表征土壤污染程度更敏感。土壤性质对草甘膦的毒性有重要影响。

基于VCSEL的RCE探测器光电响应特性

对垂直腔面发射激光器（VCSEL）及由此制成的谐振增强型（RCE）光电探测器进行分析研究。激光器的I_(th) = 3 mA、η_d = 15%、λ_p = 839 nm和Δλ_(1/2) = 0.3 nm；作为探测器，光电流谱峰值响应在839 nm，响应谱线半宽2.4 nm、具有良好的波长选择特性，量子效率5%～35%(0 V～5 V)。优化设计顶镜反射率，还能得到量子效率峰值和半宽优化兼容的VCSEL基RCE光电探测器。

全球变化背景下科尔沁沙地生态系统C、N循环过程

工业革命以来，由于人口的快速增加和人类活动的强烈干扰（主要包括煤炭、石油等石化燃料的燃烧、化肥生产和使用）导致土地利用/覆被变化、大气CO2浓度升高、N沉降等一系列全球环境变化问题。有关陆地生态系统生物地球化学循环，尤其是陆地生态系统C、N循环及其耦合过程方面的研究成为全球变化科学研究领域的重要内容。 干旱/半干旱地区占地球陆地总面积的1/3。与湿润地区相比较，干旱/半干旱地区生态系统稳定性比较差，往往属于生态脆弱区。因此，全球变化对干旱/半干旱地区生态系统影响更加敏感。科尔沁沙地位于我国北方干旱/半干旱地区，是我国典型的农牧交错区和生态脆弱区。科尔沁沙地是世界上人口密度最高的干旱/半干旱地区之一，人类活动对其影响剧烈。然而，有关科尔沁沙地生态系统C、N元素生物地球化学循环过程对土地利用/覆被变化、N沉降等全球变化响应及其反馈机制的研究非常缺乏。因此，本文以科尔沁沙地退化沙质草地、农田、不同年龄樟子松和杨树人工林等生态系统为对象，开展了造林、模拟N沉降和凋落物管理对生态系统C、N元素循环过程影响的研究。 在科尔沁沙地东南缘，以退化沙质草地、樟子松（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica）人工林（15、24和30年生）、杨树（Poplus xiaozhuanica）人工林（7、11和15年生）为对象，研究草地转变为林地对生态系统C、N储量影响；以退化草地、榆树疏林草地和32年生樟子松人工林为对象，比较草地造林对土壤C、N循环过程及其土壤微生物性状的影响；以农田和5、10、15年生杨树人工林为对象，研究退耕还林对生态系统C、N储量和循环过程影响；以35年生樟子松人工林为对象，模拟研究N沉降和凋落物管理对生态系统C、N循环过程影响。通过上述研究，得到以下主要结果： （1）草地生态系统总C储量为34.38 Mg ha-1，15、24和30年生樟子松人工林生态系统总C储量分别为43.56、60.45和66.59 Mg ha-1，7、11和15年生杨树人工林生态系统总C储量分别为34.54、48.26和78.77 Mg ha-1；与农田相比，退耕5年的杨树人工林生态系统总C库储量下降13%，而10年和15年杨树人工林分别增加了176%和5倍；随着人工林年龄的增加，地上植被生物量C库储量占生态系统总C库储量的比例逐渐增加，并主要分配在树干。草地生态系统总N库储量为2.54 Mg ha-1，15、24和30年生樟子松人工林生态系统总N库储量分别为1.96、2.10和2.19 Mg ha-1，7、11和15年生杨树人工林生态系统总N库储量分别为2.27、1.84和2.60 Mg ha-1；与农田相比，退耕5年的杨树人工林生态系统总N库储量下降32%，而10年和15年杨树人工林分别增加了47%和76%；农田和草地造林后生态系统N储量依然主要分配在土壤中。 （2）草地和农田造林后土壤C、N库储量的变化受多因子的影响，例如林龄、树种种类以及立地条件等。农田和草地造林初期，土壤C、N库储量表现出下降趋势，随着林龄的增加，土壤C、N储量逐渐恢复。草地营造樟子松人工林30年后，0–60 cm深度土壤C、N储量依然显著低于草地；与草地相比，15年生杨树人工林土壤C、N储量差异不显著。在立地条件较好的情况下，10年杨树人工林土壤C、N储量已显著高于农田；然而，在立地条件相对较差的情况下，15年杨树人工林土壤C、N储量仍然与农田相比差异不显著。 （3）土地利用变化能够强烈地改变土壤C、N循环过程。与草地或疏林草地相比，32年生樟子松人工林土壤C、N、P含量显著降低；土壤C、N矿化过程发生显著变化，并且受季节变化的影响；在不同季节，土壤微生物量碳含量、代谢熵（qCO2）、微生物熵（MBC/TOC）以及土壤酶活性等在不同土地利用条件下表现出规律不一致。同样，农田退耕杨树人工林能够显著影响土壤C、N矿化过程，土壤无机氮（铵态氮+硝态氮）含量，土壤微生物量碳含量以及土壤微生物活性。草地造林在一定程度上导致土壤质量下降。而农田造林有利于土壤质量改善，尤其在在立地条件较好情况下。 （4）N添加增加对沙地樟子松人工林地上和地下C、N元素含量影响不大；N添加1年后，仅林下植被C、N含量显著增加，高氮处理（N15）凋落物N含量显著增加。N添加抑制了沙地樟子松人工林凋落物的早期分解和N、P元素释放。5、6、8和9月份土壤无机N含量均随着N输入增加表现出一定程度的增加，然而，7月份N添加导致土壤无机N含量降低。N添加对土壤潜在N矿化速率影响不显著。7和8月份N添加影响土壤C矿化速率，而其它月份影响不显著。低氮处理（N5）有利于增加土壤微生物量碳含量，而高氮处理（N15）在一定程度上降低土壤微生物量碳含量。 （5）凋落物输入变化（凋落物添加和凋落物移出）在一定程度上改变了35年生沙地樟子松人工林生态系统C、N循环过程。凋落物移出（C0）增加了林下植被C含量，降低了树木叶片N含量。凋落物移出抑制了凋落物分解和P元素的释放，而增加了C元素的早期释放速率，对N元素释放过程影响不显著。凋落物输入变化对不同月份土壤无机N含量和土壤N矿化过程影响均不显著。仅在6月份凋落物移出显著抑制了土壤C矿化速率，其它月份差异均不显著。凋落物管理对土壤微生物量碳含量影响不显著。 以上研究结果表明，土地利用变化、N沉降和凋落物输入改变等能够影响半干旱地区沙地生态系统C、N储量和循环过程。尤其是土地利用变化强烈改变沙地生态系统C、N储量、分配格局和循环过程，并且受到多因子的影响。科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林生态系统C、N元素生物地球化学循环存在密切的耦合关系。今后有必要进一步结合3S技术、同位素技术、模型模拟以及分子生物学技术等，从微观-宏观不同尺度上，研究半干旱地区沙地生态系统C、N循环过程对全球变化的响应及其反馈机制。

小麦胚乳蛋白组分和Glu-B3位点基因核心编码区差异与小麦品质关系的研究

小麦加工品质改良已成为我国小麦育种的主要目标之一。特别是我国加入WTO以后，对小麦产品的质量提出了更高的要求，小麦品质改良的任务将更加艰巨和重要，小麦胚乳蛋白是影响小麦加工品质性状的重要因素。因此，深入了解小麦胚乳蛋白对加工品质性状的影响及其分子基础，为品质改良提供理论依据和科学指导，对加速我国小麦品质育种和优质小麦生产具有重要意义。本研究选用在麦谷蛋白5个基因位点(Glu-A1、Glu-B1、Glu-D1、Glu-B3和Glu-D3)上均含不同等位基因的小麦品种99G45和京771及Pm97034和京771杂交F9代共164个麦谷蛋白纯合系，及228个中国推广普通小麦品种和高代育成品系为试材，研究了麦谷蛋白Glu-1和Glu-3位点基因等位变异对籽粒蛋白、湿面筋含量、Zeleny沉降值和SDS沉降值间的关系；本研究还利用小麦A、B和D基因组中低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）基因特异引物，通过PCR方法克隆了1个Glu-A3位点和3个Glu-B3位点LMW-GS基因片段，在此基础上分析了不同等位基因对品质造成差异的分子基础；另外，本研究对中国近年推广的部分品种和育成的高代品系资源的多样性进行了分析。现将主要研究结果简述如下： 1. 对来自三个麦区的148份材料的醇溶蛋白组成进行了分析，结果表明，各麦区醇溶蛋白模式具有较大差异。在ω区,A7、B、E、F、G、J、P、Q、S和U仅存在于西南秋播麦区；A3、M、N、R、W和X仅存在于黄淮特种麦区；K仅存在于北方冬麦区；A6是北方冬麦区出现频率最高的带型模式，而西南秋播麦区中D出现的频率最高。ω-区的E、H和M几种模式是以前国内外未曾报道的。且初步确定，这些模式对品质性状具有正效应。至于γ区,A、B、D、E和F在各区均有出现，其中B和E在各区出现的频率都很高，在26.1-39.6％之间。相反，H 仅出现在黄淮特种麦区，J仅限于西南秋播麦区。对于β-区醇溶蛋白，B型模式在所有区中都相当高，而模式A仅存在于第三区.对于α-区，模式A在Ⅲ区而模式D在Ⅱ区出现的频率很高。1BL.1RS易位系在中国小麦品种中出现频率高达41.2％，在I, II和Ⅲ麦区的出现频率分别为 45.5、43.5和35.2%。各生态区模式的差异可能是品种适应不同生态条件和人为选择的结果，但这有待进一步证明。由于醇溶蛋白位点（Gli-1）与LMW-GS位点（Glu-3）紧密连锁，本结果可为下面确定普通小麦LMW-GS等位基因变异所用。 2. 利用Gli-1与Glu-3的紧密连锁，以228个小麦品种/系为材料，首次对中国小麦品种麦谷蛋白亚基的6个位点进行综合分析，研究小麦籽粒蛋白与品质性状间的关系，结果表明6个高分子量（HMW）和低分子量（LMW）麦谷蛋白位点对蛋白质含量的效应大小为，Glu-D1>Glu-B3>Glu-A1=Glu-B1> Glu-A3=Glu-D3；对GMP含量的效应大小为, Glu-A3>Glu-B3>Glu-D1> Glu-B1>Glu-A1>Glu-D3；对湿面筋含量的效应大小为, Glu-B1>Glu-B3= Glu-D3>Glu-A3>Glu-A1>Glu-D1；对Zeleny沉降值的效应大小为, Glu-A1> Glu-B3>Glu-D3>Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-A3；对SDS沉降值的效应大小为, Glu-B3>Glu-A1=Glu-D1=Glu-A3>Glu-D3>Glu-B1。对蛋白含量而言，各位点的最佳组合方式为1、17+18、5+10、Glu-A3e、Glu-B3g、Glu-D3b；对湿面筋含量而言，各位点的最佳组合方式为1、6+8、5+10、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3c、Glu-D3b；对Zeleny沉降值而言，各位点的最佳组合方式为N、17+18、5+10、Glu-A3d、Glu-B3d、Glu-D3b；对SDS沉降值而言，各位点的最佳组合方式为1、7+8、2.2+12、Glu-A3b、Glu-B3g、Glu-D3b。另外，分析了稀有亚基对5+12与2.2+12与品质性状的关系，认为5+12对品质有负效应，2.2+12对品质有正效应。在品质育种时，应对优异组合或优异亚基加以利用。 3. 首次利用重组自交系（RILs）为材料，研究麦谷蛋白亚基表达量与品质性状的关系，通过对重组自交系中各HMW-GS表达量的分析，认为，就单个亚基的表达量而言，7亚基最高；其次为2亚基、5亚基、12亚基和10亚基；亚基9和1的表达量最小；N亚基不表达。对成对出现的亚基对而言，x型和y型亚基的总表达量2+12>5+10>7+9>17+18。就单个亚基与品质性状的关系而言，仅有10亚基的表达量与蛋白含量的相关性达5%的显著水平，2亚基的表达量与湿面筋含量呈负相关，显著水平也达5%，其余单个亚基对品质性状均无显著影响；就x型/y型亚基的比例来看，2/12和5/10对湿面筋含量都有显著的负效应；对某一位点等位基因控制的亚基表达总量来看，2+12对SDS沉降值有显著负效应。另外，本研究得出：2＋12的亚基对的负效应主要体现在2亚基上，且在同一位点上，x型亚基的表达量大于y型。所以推导稀有亚基组合2+10很可能也是劣质亚基。 4. 以 Glu-A1、Glu-B1、Glu-D1、Glu-B3和Glu-D3作为5个因素对99G45/京771和Pm97034/京771杂交后代的蛋白质含量和SDS沉降值进行多因素方差分析。结果表明，Glu-A1和Glu-D3对蛋白含量的加性效应达5％显著水平；Glu-D1 * Glu-D3对蛋白质含量的互作效应也达5%显著水平；其余位点的加性和互作效应对蛋白质含量的影响均不显著。对SDS 沉降值而言，Glu-D1的加性效应最大,贡献率为4.2 % ,达1 %显著水平,其次是Glu-B1位点,贡献率为3.3% ,达5%显著水平。其余位点对SDS 沉降值的加性和互作效应均未达5%显著水平。总体而言, 各位点对蛋白含量的效应大小为Glu-D3 > Glu-A1 > Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-B3；对SDS沉降值的效应大小为Glu-D1>Glu-B1> Glu-D3>Glu-A1> Glu-B3。Glu-D1和Glu-D3位点上等位基因变异对蛋白含量有显著或极显著影响，含Glu-D1d和Glu-D3 GD、Glu-D3 JD基因的株系分别比含Glu-D1a和Glu-D3 PD基因的株系有较高的蛋白含量；在该遗传背景下，麦谷蛋白各基因位点对蛋白含量的效应大小依次排列为：Glu-A1位点1>N；Glu-B1位点7+9>17+18>14+15；Glu-D1位点5+10>2+12；Glu-B3位点GB>JB>PB；Glu-D3位点GB>JB>PB。对SDS沉降值的效应大小依次排列为：Glu-A1位点1>N；Glu-B1位点7+9=17+18>14+15；Glu-D1位点5+10>2+12；Glu-B3位点GB>JB>PB；Glu-D3位点GB>JB>PB。所以，对蛋白含量和SDS沉降值均较好的组合为1，7+9，5+10，GB，GD。 5. 因为GB和PB对品质的效应有显著差异，选取LMW-GS位点特异扩增引物对京771、99G45和Pm97034的Glu-B3位点进行扩增，结果得到三个不一样的扩增片段（Genebank号为DQ539657－DQ539659），得到的基因片段与Genebank中已报道的同类序列高度同源。通过克隆片段组成的分析，发现对Pm97034的序列较京771和99G45段少一个7氨基酸的重复单元，这可能是它较另外两个片段对面筋强度影响小的主要原因；另外，在99G45的序列中，124位处出现L（亮氨酸）代替P（脯氨酸），158位处出现了T（苏氨酸）代换M(蛋氨酸)，这可能是99G45Glu-B3位点序列对SDS沉降值的效应显著优于Pm97034的原因。 6．通过对RILs各位点同普通小麦品种（系）各位点与品质关系的比较，发现对SDS沉降值的效应，各位点在不同研究材料中是不同的，普通小麦中：Glu-B3>Glu-A1=Glu-D1=Glu-A3>Glu-D3>Glu-B1，RILs中：Glu-D1>Glu-B1> Glu-D3>Glu-A1> Glu-B3。利用重组自交系材料（完全排除了1BL/1RS易位干扰）所得到的结果与Gupta and MacRitchie (1994)所得结论一致。进一步证实了1BL/1RS易位对小麦品质的重要影响。对蛋白含量而言，普通小麦品种（系）中，Glu-D1>Glu-B3>Glu-A1=Glu-B1> Glu-A3=Glu-D3，RILs中，Glu-D3 > Glu-A1 > Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-B3，和对SDS沉降值的效应一样，推断在非1BL/1RS易位的情况下，各位点对其效应应为Glu-D3 > Glu-A1 > Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-B3。 对同一位点的等位基因而言，普通小麦和重组自交系中Glu-A1和Glu-D1上的等位基因对品质性状的贡献是一致的，但Glu-B1上的等位基因对SDS沉降值的贡献发生了变化，普通小麦中17+18>7+9，RILs中7+9>17+18，这可能也是1BL/1RS造成的。 Baking quality improved is one of the main object of wheat bread in China. The overall objective of the present studies was to increase the understanding about protein quality in wheat, i.e. to make it possible to improve the production of wheat with desired quality for different end-uses. With the analysis of gluten protein in RILs, 99G45/Jing 771 and Pm97034/Jing, and 228 wheat cultivars or lines in China, the correlations between glutenin compositions and protein content, glutenin macropolymer(GMP), wet gluten content, Zeleny sedimentation value and SDS sedimentation value contentand breadmaking quality were studied. Also a rapid and efficient detection method of geneticpolymorphism at Glu-B3 loci in wheat was established using polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The results obtained were as follows: 1. Cultivated Chinese wheat germplasm has been a valuable genetic resource in international plant breeding. Patterns of gliadin among cultivated Chinese accessions are unknown, despite the proven value and potential novelty. The objective of this work was to analyse the diversity within improved Chinese wheat germplasm. The electrophoretic banding patterns of gliadin in common wheat cultivars and advanced lines were determined by acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For 148 leading commercial cultivars and promising advanced lines used in our study, 48 patterns were identified, 29 corresponding to ω-gliadin, 9 to γ-gliadin, 5 to β-gliadin and 5 to α-gliadin. The most frequent patterns were A6 in ω; B in γ; B in β and A in the region of α. 116 band types appeared in the148 samples: 94 accessions had unique gliadin types, and 22 gliadin types while not unique were found in 54 accessions. The gliadin patterns of Chinese wheat cultivars and lines greatly differed from the patterns of wheat lines from other countries. Three patterns, E, J, H, M, N and O in the ω-zone had not previously been reported. Three wheat zones，the Northern Winter Wheat Region, the Yellow and Huai Valley River valleys Winter Wheat Region and the Southwestern Winter Wheat Region，in China showed different frequencies in their gliadin patterns. This information can be used to monitor genetic diversity with Chinese wheat germplasm. 2. To analyse the relationship between the loci and characteristics quality, we utilized the 228 cultivars/lines. The results showed that : For protein content, Glu-D1 >Glu-B3>Glu-A1=Glu-B1>Glu-A3=Glu-D3. For GMP content, Glu-A3>Glu-B3 >Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-A1>Glu-D3. For wet gluten content, Glu-B1>Glu-B3= Glu-D3>Glu-A3>Glu-A1>Glu-D1. For Zeleny sedimentation value, Glu-A1>Glu-B3> Glu-D3>Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-A3, For SDS sedimentation value, Glu-B3>Glu-A1= Glu-D1= lu-A3>Glu-D3>Glu-B1。For protein content, the best combination of 6 loci is (1,17+18,5+10,Glu-A3e, Glu-B3g,Glu-D3b). For wet gluten content, the best combination of 6 loci is (1,6+8,5+10,Glu-A3d,Glu-B3c,Glu-D3b). For Zeleny sedimentation value, the best combination of 6 loci is (N,17+18,5+10,Glu-A3d, Glu-B3d, Glu-D3b). For SDS sedimentation value, the best combination of 6 loci is(7+8,2.2+12,Glu-A3b, Glu-B3g,Glu-D3b)。Additional, we analysed the relationship between the subunits 5+12 and 2.2+12, think that 5+12 was negative for quality, 2.2+12 is postive for quality. It should be effective utilized. 3. It’s the first time to utilize RILs to study the relationship between subunits expression quantity and characteristics quality. The results showed that: For single subunit, the expression quantity of 7 is the highest. Then the 2, 5, 12 and 10. The expression of subunit 9 and 1 is the lowest. Subunit N is not expressed. For subunits, the expression quantity of x type and y type are 2+12>5+10>7+9>17+18. The significant relation of 5% only showed between the expression quantity of subunit 10 and protein content. The relationship between expression quantity of others and characteristic quality was not significant. For x type/ytype, 2/12 and 5/10 is negative relation insignificant level. For the subunit(s) in a loci, Only 2+12 effect SDS sedimentation value negative in significant level. 4. With RILs 99G45/Jing 771 and Pm97034/Jing 771, we found that: The effective of Glu-A1, Glu-D3 and Glu-D1 * Glu-D3 for protein content is significant at 5% level. The effect of other loci for protein wre not significant. For SDS sedimentation value, the effect of Glu-D1is the highest, which contribution is 4.2 % .Then the Glu-B1, contribution is 3.3%. The effect of other loci for SDS sedimentationvalue were not significant. In total, for protein content: Glu-D3 > Glu-A1 > Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-B3; for SDS sedimentationvalue: Glu-D1>Glu-B1> Glu-D3>Glu-A1>Glu-B3. The effect of alleles in Glu-D1 and Glu-D3 loci are significant at 1% or 5%. In Glu-A1, 1>N; Glu-B1, 7+9>17+18>14+15; Glu-D, 5+10>2+12; Glu-B3, GB>JB>PB; Glu-D3, GB>JB>PB. For SDS sedimentation, Glu-A1, 1>N; Glu-B1, 7+9=17+18>14+15; Glu-D1, 5+10>2+12; Glu-B3, GB>JB>PB; Glu-D3, GB>JB>PB. The best combinations for SDS sedimentation value is 1，7+9，5+10，GB，GD. 5. Because of the difference of GB and PB for SDS sedimentation value, we selected the specific primer for LMW-GS loci to amplified the Glu-B3 of Jing771, 99G45and Pm97034. We got 3 amplify fragment (Gene Bank accession number are DQ539657－DQ539659）. We found that the fragment of Pm97034 were deleted a repetitive 7 amino acid domain, which is perhaps the reason effect the gluten strength. Furthermore, in the position 124 of sequence 99G45, L has been replaced with P. Position 158, T replaced M, which may be the reason why the Glu-B3 locus of 99G45 is prefer to Pm97034 when refer to SDS sedimentation value. 6. Comparing the results of RILs and common wheat, we found that perhaps just the1BL/1RS made the difference of loci in different accession.

自养氨氧化混合种群特性和共存机理初步研究

组特殊自养氨氧化混合种群，表现：无机环境种群生长迅速、生物量高；在一个完全无机的自养生长环境中，不仅保持高氨氧化速率，并出现丰富的异养微生物种群；该种群置于异养、厌氧环境中，迅速表现出产氢特征。对于这样一个特殊的生态体系，研究其共生机理，以及联接这些种群之间的碳源和能源问题，将具有非常重要意义。我们拟从种群特征、细胞表面分泌产物、游离体系产物多糖、蛋白和脂肪酸方面开展研究。 第一部分，自养氨氧化混合种群的基本特征。采用氨氧化培养基，进行种群氨氧化特征研究；采用扫描电镜观察自养混合种群的微观特征；沉降、离心去除微生物种群，分析水相中的总有机碳、糖类等物质；利用LB培养基进行种群的分离、纯化，并采用DGGE手段对微生物种群结构进行分析。结果表明，接入菌种后（2/5000（V/V）），培养液中氨（200mg/L）在3－5天内快速降解；亚硝酸盐与氨氮变化呈负相关趋势，仅有少量硝酸盐含量（< 30mg/L）。氨氧化种群的生物量增长与氨氧化趋势一致，初始生物量7.75 mg/L(蛋白含量)，3-5天后生物量快速增长，并达到最高63.06 mg/L（蛋白含量）。电镜图片显示，种群外包裹一层粘液。离心除去菌体后，检测培养液总有机碳和糖的含量，同样表现出与生物量增长相似的特征，分别由初始的3.73、2.35 mg/L，3－5内天迅速增加，并分别达到最大值35.19、27.45 mg/L。经初步分离、纯化并对纯化菌株进行测序，获得了10株异养微生物分别为布鲁氏菌科苍白杆菌属、纤维单孢菌、类芽孢菌属、黄杆菌属、无色杆菌、鞘脂单胞菌、嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌、噬氢菌属、硫红球菌、假单胞菌；DGGE显示，约有20分条离带，我们对其中的两条优势条带进行切割回收测序，鉴定为欧洲亚硝化单胞菌（Nitrosomonas eur）。 第二部分：混合种群自养-异养菌共生的可能机制。在对微生物种群特征初步分析基础上，针对胞外糖类组分可能被微生物代谢分解，我们重点对微生物细胞蛋白质与糖类进行分析。采用超声结合RIPA裂解液裂解，SDS-PAGE电泳分析混合种群总蛋白种类，并通过氨基酸分析仪及红外光谱法分析氨基酸组成及蛋白红外特征。采用超声破碎结合反复冻融对细胞样品进行处理，提取液采用醇沉、Sevage脱氮白，凝胶过滤方法脱盐和分级分离。对提取物的糖分析包括：紫外扫描，红外光谱，核磁共振，单糖组成分析；扫描电镜观察菌群破裂现象。SDS-PAGE分析结果表明：氨氧化种群不同生长阶段都显示出42kD蛋白表达量很高，d4时42kD蛋白表达已经很强，4-7d内一直持续这种过量表达，直到d8后表达开始减弱。说明42kD蛋白可能与氨氧化密切相关。红外光谱分析显示：细胞提取物的特征峰分布在3427.42cm-1、1718.18 cm-1和1681.72 cm-1、1160.07和1086.74 cm-1，分别对应为OH、 C=O、C－O－C基团，表明具有蛋白的典型特征；氨基酸分析显示蛋白中的Gly,Asp,Ala,Glu含量相对较高。 提取物中胞外多糖分离谱图得到不均一组分，共得到6个收集峰；紫外扫描在201－213 nm处有多糖吸收峰，同样表明多糖成分不均一性；多糖红外光谱特征峰主要分别在3400.49 cm-1、2920.28 cm-1、1154.54和1087.52 cm-1，对应OH、－CH2－ or CH 、C－O－H or C－O－C等多糖特征基团；多糖提取物核磁共振1H d4.3～5.9之间出现强吸收峰，这是1H中，多糖存在的明显证据，1H NMR中，其中O-乙酰基的甲基上的氢信号为d1.1～1.3之间。糖肟全苯甲酸酯衍生物的HPLC测定中，得到单一的单糖峰，由于时间问题，还未进行更深入的试验；电镜图片显示，种群中的细胞有大量的破裂现象。 实验表明，自养氨氧化混合种群显示出快速的氨氧化速率，氨氧化过程生物量和有机质的增加明显。微生物种群包裹粘液层，并分离纯化出大量的异养菌；去除菌体后的游离培养液中存在有机质（包括多糖）说明无机自养生长体系中存在异养菌生长、繁殖的二次碳源；细胞提取物中蛋白条带数目多、种类丰富；细胞多糖提取物具有明显的多糖特征，以及单糖的存在。结合种群的显微特征和游离体系中的有机质的检测结果，我们认为，无机自养生长体系中，种群细胞生长过程中发生的破裂现象可能是导致大量的蛋白、多糖释放到游离胞外，并成为其他异养菌生长的碳源和氮源。这可能是自养体系中，大量异养菌共生的可能机制，至于是什么原因引起种群生长过程中产生的破裂现象，还有待下一步深入研究。 A group of mixed autotrophic ammonia oxidizing populations, having much biological characteristic tested by concerned personnel for pilot test: Performed rapid population growth and obtained high biomass in inorganic environment; Not only maintained a high rate of ammoxidation, promoted a wealth of heterotrophic microbial populations growth in a totally inorganic and autotrophic growth environment; Placed in heterotrophic and anaerobic environment,had the performance characteristics that could rapidly produce hydrogen.For such a special ecological system, Study its symbiotic mechanism and the connection between these populations of carbon and energy issues, will have a very important significance. We intended from the characteristics of the population, the secretion product of cell surface, free substance in the liquid medium like polysaccharide, protein and fatty acids carrying out research. Part I: The basic features of mixed autotrophic ammonia oxidizing populations . Use inorganic liquid medium, processed study for ammonia oxidation characteristics of the population; we used scanning electron microscopy to get micro-features of autotrophic ammonia oxidizing populations .The medium was carried out settlement and centrifugal then removed the microbial populations, after all of that we analysis the water phase for total organic carbon(TOC), carbohydrate and other substances; Solid ammonia oxidizing medium was adopted to separation and purification of population, DGGE means was for structure analysis of microbial population. The results showed that after the inoculum of bacteria (2 / 5000 (V / V)), ammonia in the culture medium (200 mg / L) was rapid degradation in 3-5 days; ammonia and nitrite have the negative correlation between changes in the trend, then only a small amount of nitrate content (<30mg / L). The biomass growth of ammoxidation population in line with the trend of ammonia oxidation, the initial volume of it was 7.75 mg / L (protein content), in 3-5 days upto 63.06 mg / L (protein content). Electron microscope image showed, the populations were wrapped in a layer of mucus, including the a large number ruptted micorbe , Centrifuge to remove bacteria, then detected the medium for total organic carbon and sugar content, result took on the same characteristics with biomass growth, that were from the initial 3.73、2.35 mg / L respectively, in 3-6 days achieved rapid increase in the maximum to 35.19、27.45 mg / L respectively. After initial separation、 purification ,then processed sequencing to strains purified and got the result that there were 10 heterotrophic microorganisms : Brucella Branch pale bacillus, Cellu lomonas, Bacillus species category, a Flavobacterium, colorless Bacteria, Aeromonas sheath fat, little support maltophilia Aeromonas, macrophages species hydrogen, sulphur-MI, Pseudomonas bacteria spores; DGGE display, there were 20 separation bands approximately. Part II: Mixed populations that autotrophic - heterotrophic bacteria symbiotic mechanism. On the basis of preliminary analysis of microbial population characteristics, aiming at extracellular carbohydrate components might be decomposition by microbial, we focused on microbial cell protein and carbohydrate analysis. Using ultrasound combined with RIPA lysis cracking the cells, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis analysis the total protein species of the population, and through the amino acid analyzer studied the compositions of amino acid and infrared spectroscopy analysis of a protein infrared characteristics. Using ultrasound combined with repeatedly freezing and thawing to treated the cell sample, then took the means that alcohol precipitation, deproteinization by Sevage, gel filtration aimed at desalination and grade separation to deal with the lysates . The extraction of sugar analysis included: UV scanning, IR, NMR, single-sugar composition analysis. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that: 42 kD protein expression was very high at different growth stages of mixed autotrophic ammonia oxidizing populations , on the fourth day, 42 kD protein expression had been very strong, 4-7d, it had continued this excessive expression, then started to weaken after 7 days. 42 kD protein that might be closely associated with ammonia oxidation. Infrared spectral analysis showed that: cell extracts with the characteristic that the peak distribution in 3427.42 cm-1、1718.18 cm-1 and 1681.72 cm-1、1160.07 cm-1 and 1086.74 cm-1 corresponding to OH、C = O、C-O-C Groups which had the typical characteristics of protein; and analysis showed that amino acids including Gly, Asp, Ala, Glu ,the content in the protein is relatively high. Exopolysaccharide in the extracts had the separation map that it was uneven, received a total of six collection peaks by the detection mode of phenol-sulphruic acid method ; ultraviolet scan in the 201-213 nm department had polysaccharide absorbing peak, the same ingredients that polysaccharide heterogeneity; infrared polysaccharide spectral characteristics of the main peak at 3400.49 cm-1, 2920.28 cm-1, 1154.54 and 1087.52 cm-1, corresponding OH,-CH2-or CH, C-O-H or C-O-C;and other characteristics of polysaccharide group; 1H NMR of polysaccharide extract appeared absorption peak between d4.3 ~5.9, which is the apparent evidence of polysaccharide, In 1H NMR, the hydrogen signal of one of O-acetyl was between 1.1 to 1.3. The determination of Sugar oxime whole benzoate derivatives by HPLC, there was a single-sugar peak, as a matter of time, yet more in-depth test. Summary: Mixed autotrophic ammonia oxidizing populations show us that it had the ability in ammonia oxidizing and it was great, organic matter and biomass increased significantly in the process of ammonia oxidation. Microbial populations was wrapped up slime layer, the phenomenon of cell breakdown obviously, and there were a lot of separation and purification of the heterotrophic bacteria; a lot of organic matter (including polysaccharides)remined in the medium that removal of cell indicated the inorganic system existed secondary carbon sources that could be used by the heterotrophic bacteria ; there were a large number proteins bands of cell extract, rich variety; cell extracts of polysaccharide had obvious characteristics of polysaccharide, and the existence evidence of single-sugar. Combined population of microscopic characteristics and free of organic matter in the test results, we believe that the health of inorganic system, population growth occurred in the course of the breakdown of the phenomenon is likely to lead to a lot of protein and polysaccharide released into the extracellular free, And other heterotrophic bacteria use them to the growth as carbon and nitrogen. This may be autotrophic system, the large number of heterotrophic bacteria symbiotic mechanism.

辐射诱导促进AdCMV-p53转染前列腺癌细胞

用腺病毒重组体(AdCMV-p53/GFP)转染经0.5,1.0和2.0Gyγ射线辐射处理的前列腺癌细胞[PC-3(nullp53)],用克隆形成法检测细胞增殖能力,用流式细胞分析法测定腺病毒重组体转染率和外源性p53蛋白表达。结果提示,辐射诱导使腺病毒重组体转染PC-3细胞提高7%—39%。辐射联合AdCMV-p53转染组p53表达水平提高18.5%—35.4%。与单纯AdCMV-p53转染组和单纯辐射组相比,辐射联合AdCMV-p53转染组细胞存活率分别降低25%—64%和22%—65%。

不同土地利用方式下沙地土壤水分空间变异规律

利用地统计学的方法 ,研究了科尔沁沙地甸子地不同土地利用方式草地和玉米地春季土壤含水量的空间变异规律。结果表明 ,草地表层、亚表层土壤含水量的变异函数均可很好地拟合成球状模型 ,具有明显的空间结构特征 ,其空间相关度分别为 0 979、0 999,变程分别为11 5 7m、19 4 1m ,分数维分别为 1 5 71、1 5 35 ,Moran’sI系数表现为在近距离内 (0 5～ 2 5m)为较强的正相关 (I=0 3～ 0 8) ,随着距离的增大 ,相关性变小 ,>5m后表现为较弱的负相关(I =0 2 )的变化趋势 ,克立格制图均表现出中央和四周高 ,西北角存在明显过渡带的空间分布格局 ,表层和亚表层具有很大的相似性。而耕地表层、亚表层土壤含水量变异函数分别拟合成线性和球状模型 ,其空间相关度分别为 0 344、0 914 ,变程分别为 7 6 7m、9 31m ,分数维分别为 1 92 8、1 6 81,Moran’sI系数分析和克立格制图表明表层、亚表层土壤含水量存在明显的差异。因此草地和耕地土壤含水量变异函数模型及参数、分数维、Moran’sI系数和克立格制图均存在明显的区别。同草地相比 ,玉米地土壤含水量空间格局特征表现为空间依赖性小 ,随机性大 ,空间自相关作用范围小 ,破碎化程度高。所以有必要采取退耕还草的措施来保护和恢复沙地生态系统的健康。

固定化微生物降解土壤中菲和芘的研究

Immobilized with PVA,sodium alginate and activated carbon,both Zoogloea sp. and Fusarium sp.strains could degrade phenanthrene and pyrene efficiently.The optimal carrier was made of 100ρ·g -1 L PVA,5 sodium alginateρ·g -1 L and 50 activated carbon ρ·g -1 L.The degradation rates of phenanthrene and pyrene in 10 days were 87.48% and 75.34% by the immobilized bacterium,37.04% and 20.85% higher than those by the free bacterium,and the rates in 15 days were 84.36% and 74.87% by the immobilized fungus,5.35% and 11.23% higher than those by the free fungus.

两种匍灯藓属植物夏季和冬季光合特性的比较研究

分别对生长于冬季和夏季的五倍子蚜虫冬寄主藓类植物湿地匍灯藓 (Plagiomniumacutum (Lindb .)T .Kop .)和侧枝葡灯藓 (Plagiomniummaximoviczii(Lindb .)T .Kop .)的净光合速率及其与光照、温度的关系进行了比较研究 .结果表明 ,2种藓类的最大光合能力在夏季分别为 12 5 6 7和 94 6 3μmolCO2 ·kg-1DW·s-1,而在冬季只有 5 8.1和 6 2 .1μmolCO2 ·kg-1DW·s-1;其暗呼吸强度夏季也比冬季显著增强 ;光补偿点均在 2 0～40 μmol·m-2 ·s-1,光饱和点在 2 0 0～ 40 0 μmol·m-2 ·s-1之间 ,夏季比冬季略高 .它们在夏季的表观量子效率分别为 1 5 35和 1 5 5 9,冬季只有 0 45 6和 0 45 9.光合最适温度在 2 0～ 35℃之间 ,夏季比冬季有所升高 .在 0～ 2 0℃条件下测得的温度系数 ,在不同季节和不同种类均相似 ,约在 1 15～ 1 2 3之间 .它们对高温和低温都表现出一定的抗性 ,在 -15～ -10℃的低温以及 40～ 45℃的高温条件下均能够保持一定的净光合速率

宁夏南部山区不同耕作方式对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响

为探讨在宁南山区推广保护性耕作技术的可行性,2005~2006年在宁夏彭阳县就垄沟、传统、覆膜3种不同的耕作方式的适应性进行试验研究,对比分析了3种耕作方式下冬小麦的生长状况、产量及农田土壤含水量变化的关系。结果表明:覆膜耕作可增加土壤蓄水保墒性能,提高水分利用效率,增产增效明显。对三种耕作方式下作物产量进行分析,覆膜耕作比传统耕作增产46%;垄沟耕作比传统耕作减产71%。覆膜耕作水分利用效率比传统耕作提高了33%;垄沟耕作由于在越冬期垄上冬小麦大面积冻死,不适宜在宁南山区推广。