Mass transfer with chemical reaction in a foam bed contactor

On the basis of dodecahedral structure of a foam bed, a model to predict conversion in a foam bed contactor with mass transfer with chemical reaction has been developed. To verify the proposed model, experiments have been carried out in a semi-batch apparatus for the absorption of lean CO2 gas in a foam of sodium hydroxide solution. The proposed model predicts fairly well the experimentally found absorption values.

Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors Reduce Ras Activation and Ameliorate Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

Hepatotoxicity due to overdose of the analgesic and antipyretic acetaminophen (A-PAIP) is a major cause of liver failure in adults. To better understand the contributions of different signaling pathways, the expression and role of Ras activation was evaluated after oral dosing of mice with APAP (400-500 mg/kg). Ras-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is induced early and in an oxidative stress-dependent manner. The functional role of Ras activation was studied by a single intraperitoneal injection of the neutral sphingomyelinase and farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) manumycin A (I mg/kg), which lowers induction of Ras-GTP and serum amounts of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). APAP dosing decreases hepatic glutathione amounts, which are not affected by manumycin A treatment. However, APAP-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, which plays an important role, is reduced by manumycin A. Also, APAP-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are reduced by manumycin A at a later time point during liver injury. Importantly, the induction of genes involved in the inflammatory response (including iNos, gp91phox, and Fasl) and serum amounts of proinflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha, which increase greatly with APAP challenge, are suppressed with manumycin A. The FTI ctivity of manumycin A is most likely involved in reducing APAP-induced liver injury, because a specific neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor, GW4869 (I mg/kg), did not show any hepatoprotective effect. Notably, a structurally distinct FTI, gliotoxin (I mg/kg), also inhibits Ras activation and reduces serum amounts of ALT and IFN-gamma after APAP dosing. Finally, histological analysis confirmed the hepatoprotective effect f manumycin A and gliotoxin during APAP-induced liver damage. Conclusion: This study identifies a key role for Ras activation and demonstrates the therapeutic efficacy of FTIs during APAP-induced liver injury.

Crystal structure of 3-acetylcoumarin-o-aminobenzoylhydrazone and synthesis, spectral and thermal studies of its transition metal complexes

Transition metal [Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II)] complexes of a new Schiff base, 3-acetylcoumarin-o-aminobenzoylhydrazone were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic moments, conductivity measurements, spectral [Electronic, IR, H-1 and C-13 NMR, EPR] and thermal studies. The ligand crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/n with a = 9.201(5), b = 16.596( 9), c = 11.517(6) angstrom, beta= 101.388(9)degrees, V = 1724.2 (17) angstrom(3) and Z = 4. Conductivity measurements indicated Mn(II) and Co(II) complexes to be 1 : 1 electrolytes whereas Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes are non-electrolytes. Electronic spectra reveal that all the complexes possess four-coordinate geometry around the metal.

A new FIR filter for image restoration

Image filtering techniques have potential applications in biomedical image processing such as image restoration and image enhancement. The potential of traditional filters largely depends on the apriori knowledge about the type of noise corrupting the image. This makes the standard filters to be application specific. For example, the well-known median filter and its variants can remove the salt-and-pepper (or impulse) noise at low noise levels. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, we have introduced a new finite impulse response (FIR) filter for image restoration where, the filter undergoes a learning procedure. The filter coefficients are adaptively updated based on correlated Hebbian learning. This algorithm exploits the inter pixel correlation in the form of Hebbian learning and hence performs optimal smoothening of the noisy images. The application of the proposed filter on images corrupted with Gaussian noise, results in restorations which are better in quality compared to those restored by average and Wiener filters. The restored image is found to be visually appealing and artifact-free

Filter Optimization for Grid Interactive Voltage Source Inverters

Higher order LCL filters are essential in meeting the interconnection standard requirement for grid-connected voltage source converters. LCL filters offer better harmonic attenuation and better efficiency at a smaller size when compared to the traditional L filters. The focus of this paper is to analyze the LCL filter design procedure from the point of view of power loss and efficiency. The IEEE 1547-2008 specifications for high-frequency current ripple are used as a major constraint early in the design to ensure that all subsequent optimizations are still compliant with the standards. Power loss in each individual filter component is calculated on a per-phase basis. The total inductance per unit of the LCL filter is varied, and LCL parameter values which give the highest efficiency while simultaneously meeting the stringent standard requirements are identified. The power loss and harmonic output spectrum of the grid-connected LCL filter is experimentally verified, and measurements confirm the predicted trends.

A study of chemically prepared small metal clusters in the nonmetallic regime

Small gold clusters [mean diameter (d)[less, similar] 1.4 nm], unlike larger clusters, show a higher Au(4f) binding energy relative to the bulk value and the presence of a conductance gap in tunnelling measurements, just as the molecular cluster compound, Au55(PPh3)12Cl6; small platinum clusters show similar nonmetallic features.

Synthesis and characterization of some new dimesogenic compounds

We have synthesized four different types of dimesogenic compounds involving the cholesteryl moiety as one of the mesogenic constituents, and have investigated their liquid crystalline properties. The molecular structures of these dimesogens have been confirmed by spectral analyses; they exhibit a rich polymorphism, as revealed by optical microscopic and differential scanning calorimetric observations. The studies show that the mesomorphic behaviour is sensitive to the nature of the terminal alkyl chains, and to the structure of the 'second mesogen' that is attached to the cholesteryl unit through a polymethylene spacer.

An enantiodivergent protocol from R-(-)-carvone: synthesis of dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpenoid 1-deacetoxy-ent-orbiculin A

A strategy for achieving enantiodivergency from R-(-)-carvone in the context of synthesis of eudesmanes and dihydroagarofurans is disclosed, which involves, among other things, sequential setting of the C10 quaternary centre and recreation of the desired C7 isopropyl stereochemistry to enter the antipodal series. A synthesis of 1-deacetoxy-ent-orbiculin has been achieved as a demonstration of the effectiveness and applicability of this approach. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Conceptualization of a Behavior Modification Tool for University Systems and Doctoral Students

This paper describes a university based system relevant to doctoral students who have problems with themselves, their peers and research supervisors. Doctoral students have various challenges to solve and these challenges contribute to delays in their thesis submission. This tool aims at helping them think through their problem in a pre-counseling stage. The tool uses narratives and hypothetical stories to walk a doctoral student through options of responses he or she can make given the situation in the narrative. Narratives were developed after a preliminary survey (n=57) of doctoral students. The survey indicated that problems they experienced were: busy supervisors, negative competition from peers and laziness with self. The narrative scenarios in the tool prompt self-reflection and provide for options to chose from leading to the next scenario that will ensue. The different stages of the stimulus-response cycles are designed based on Thomas-Kilmann conflict resolution techniques (collaboration and avoidance). Each stimulus-response cycle has a score attached that reflects the student's ability to judge a collaborative approach. At the end of all the stages a scorecard is generated indicating either a progressive or regressive outcome of thesis submission.

Micro- and macroscopic characterizations of the viscoelastic fracture of resin-based fibre composites

Micro- and macroscopic characterizations of the viscoelastic fracture of a unidirectional carbon-fibre-reinforced epoxy composite are presented. First, the micro-cracking behavior of the material is studied by the use of scanning electron microscopy; the in situ creep cracking process is observed and the crack propagation is measured. In order to obtain insight into the mechanisms of the observed creep cracking, macroscopic investigations were also carried out. Finite-element method simulations were carried out to calculate the stress distribution and the variation of stresses with time. A theoretical analysis of the orthotropy of viscoelastic fracture behavior of the material is also conducted.

Efecto de los cultivos antecedentes y métodos de control de malezas sobre la cenosis y el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del cultivo de la soya (Glycine max (L) Merr.) c.v. tropical

Se realizó un estudio de rotación de cultivos y métodos de control de malezas en el cultivo de soya, en terrenos del Instituto "Rigoberto López Pérez" de Managua, sobre un suelo de textura franco - arcillosa. La siembra se realizó el 26 de Agosto de 1989, utilizando un diseño de parcelas divididas en bloques completamente al azar, siendo el factor "A": Cultivos antecedentes; al= maíz, a2= pepinillo; y el factor "B": Métodos de control de malezas; b1= fomesafén (0.351 l/ha) en post-emergencia; b2= limpia en período crítico y b3= limpias periódicas. Este experimento se realizó con el objetivo de estudiar el efecto de estos factores sobre la dinámica de las malezas y el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento de la soya. Los resultados reflejan que el cultivo antecedente maíz representa la menor abundancia, cobertura y biomasa de malezas al momento de la cosecha siendo la especie más abundante Cenchrus brownii y el cultivo antecedente pepinillo la menor diversidad con mayor abundancia de la especie Sida acuta. El efecto de este factor sobre el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento de la soya indica que se obtuvieron diferencias significativas solamente para el peso de 1000 semillas con 135.59 g (gramos) a favor del cultivo antecedente maíz; además se obtiene el mayor número de ramas por planta, rendimiento y peso seco de la paja con 1615.65 y 5266.67 kg/ha respectivamente. Las otras variables registran un comportamiento similar. En cuanto al efecto de loe métodos de control de malezas; la menor abundancia, cobertura y biomasa de las malezas se presentó en el método con limpia periódica y el mayor valor cuando se aplicó fomesafén en post-emergencia siendo para este caso la especie más abundante Sida acota. La diversidad fue similar al momento de la cosecha donde la especie C.brownii se ve favorecida por las limpias periódicas, no obstante las variables de crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento de la soya se presentaron diferencias significativas únicamente para el peso de 1000 semillas obteniéndose 139.26 g a favor de las limpias en período crítico, además se obtiene el mayor número de ramas por planta; pero se presenta el menor número de vaina por planta y peso seco de la paja con 4750 kg/ha. Por otro lado, el mayor rendimiento se obtuvo cuando se aplicó fomesafén en post-emergencia y el menor cuando se utilizaron limpias periódicas con valores de 1547.88 y 1462.15 kg/ha respectivamente. Con fomesafén se presentó además la menor población y número de vainas por planta y con limpias periódicas el menor peso de 1000 semillas con 122,93 g, el menor rendimiento con 1462.15 kg/ha, pero presentó el mayor peso seco de paja con 5025 kg/ha.

Efecto de tres cultivos antecesores sobre la cenosis de malezas y el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del cultivo de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench.) cv. D-55, en la Hacienda Las Mercedes

El presente Vallejo experimental se realizó a partir del 18 de Agosto de 1989, día en que se realizó la siembra de postrera en la hacienda "Las Mercedes”, evaluándose la rotación de cultivos y diferentes métodos de control de malezas en el cultivo de sorgo. Dicho experimento culminó el 2 de Diciembre del mismo año. Se utilizó el diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar en parcelas divididas, siendo el factor A: el cultivo antecesor; sorgo, maiz y pepinillo; y el factor los métodos de control de malezas; Atrazina (en pre-emergencia a dosis de 1.5 kg/ha), Limpia mecánica en periodo crítico (5ta y 6ta hoja) y limpia periódica cada 15 días con azadon. Los resultados demuestran que tanto en los cultivos antecesores al sorgo como en los diferentes métodos de control se presentó el Cypenis rotundus como presdominante, seguido por las Poáceas, en donde sobresale la Rottboellia cochichinensis , observándose más individuos cuando antecedía el sorgo y en la aplicación de Atrazina. Esto permitió una mayor acumulación de biomasa de malezas al momento de la cosecha en ambos casos (monocultivo sorgo y método de control con atrazina). En las variables de crecimiento, desarrolla y rendimiento del sorgo los cultivos antecesores presentaron diferencias significativas en: El diámetro del tallo, longitud de panoja y peso de mil semillas. Referente al efecto de los diferentes métodos de control de malezas sobre dichos caracteres en el cultivo de sorgo hubo diferencias significativas en la longitud de panoja, peso seco de paje y en el rendimiento. Siendo la rotación maíz - sorgo la que presentó los mejores resultados en las diferentes variables evaluadas. El método de control de malezas que mejor comportamiento tuvo fue la limpia en periodo crítico principalmente en las variables como el rendimiento que obtuvo 2,822.19 kg/he y peso de mil semillas de 14.53 gramos. Es importante señalar el alto rendimiento que se obtuvo con la rotación antes mencionada, lo cual es de 3,190.49 kg/ha, sin embargo no presentaron diferencias significativas.

Nanometer scale thermal drift of 4Gbit/s uncooled laser for tight-channel-spacing low-cost WDM

A 4Gbit/s directly modulated DBR laser is demonstrated with nanometre scale thermal tuning over an extended 20-70°C temperature range. >40dB side mode suppression over the entire temperature range is achieved. © 2005 Optical Society of America.

Letras, 2000-2001, nº 42-43 (número completo)

Contenido: Garcilaso de la Vega: 1501?-2001 -- El concepto de "transformación" y sus aplicaciones al análisis de la poesía de Garcilaso / Sofía M. Carrizo Rueda – Algunas observaciones, a principios de un nuevo milenio, en torno a las comedias de Calderón de la Barca / Lilia E. Ferrario de Orduna – Palomeque, don Quijote, Cervantes: tres lectores de Cirongilio de Tracia de Bernardo de Vargas / Javier Roberto González – Cervantes: riesgo del vivir, azar y Providencia. Una lectura en clave bíblica y patrística / Teresa Herráiz de Tresca –La justicia divina o el orlo Amoris en el Amadis de Gaula / Silivia C. Lastra Paz -- Catálogo descriptivo de libros de caballerías castellanos, XIV. Otro Palmerín de Olivia recuperado: Sevilla, Jácome Cromberger, 1547 (Con algunas reflexiones sobre el arte de editar textos impresos) / José Manuel Lucía Megías – La defensa de la poesía en el Perú colonial: El Discurso en Loor de la Poesía / Graciela Maturo – Sobre la evolución de -nn-, -nw- y -w- interiores intervocálicos en la onomástica geográfica del Amadís de Gaula / Aquilino Suárez Pallasá – Reforma y Contrarreforma en las artes plásticas / Carmen Balzer – Tomás Moro y el Humanismo cristiano / Inés de Cassagne – Algunos poetas latinos del Humanismo / Raúl Lavalle – Reseñas bibliográficas