Friction between a Steel Ball and a Steel Flat Lubricated by MoS2 Particles Suspended in Hexadecane at 150 degrees C

A steel ball was slid on a steel flat lubricated by molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) particles suspended in hexadecane oil at 150 degrees C. The friction data is compared with that obtained when the ball was slid on the flat sprayed apriori with nominally dry MoS2 particles. The friction in the dry experiment was found to increase with temperature while the friction in wet condition was found to decrease with increasing temperature. Micro-Raman and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy are used to explore the roles of environmental moisture and chemical degradation of oil on the formation of antifriction film on the steel substrate.

Sonic hedgehog-Dependent Induction of MicroRNA 31 and MicroRNA 150 Regulates Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Driven Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling

Hedgehog (HH) signaling is a significant regulator of cell fate decisions during embryogenesis, development, and perpetuation of various disease conditions. Testing whether pathogen-specific HH signaling promotes unique innate recognition of intracellular bacteria, we demonstrate that among diverse Gram-positive or Gram-negative microbes, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, a vaccine strain, elicits a robust activation of Sonic HH (SHH) signaling in macrophages. Interestingly, sustained tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion by macrophages was essential for robust SHH activation, as TNF-alpha(-/-) macrophages exhibited compromised ability to activate SHH signaling. Neutralization of TNF-alpha or blockade of TNF-alpha receptor signaling significantly reduced the infection-induced SHH signaling activation both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, activated SHH signaling downregulated M. bovis BCG-mediated Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling events to regulate a battery of genes associated with divergent functions of M1/M2 macrophages. Genome-wide expression profiling as well as conventional gain-of-function or loss-of-function analysis showed that SHH signaling-responsive microRNA 31 (miR-31) and miR-150 target MyD88, an adaptor protein of TLR2 signaling, thus leading to suppression of TLR2 responses. SHH signaling signatures could be detected in vivo in tuberculosis patients and M. bovis BCG-challenged mice. Collectively, these investigations identify SHH signaling to be what we believe is one of the significant regulators of host-pathogen interactions.

Sonic hedgehog-Dependent Induction of MicroRNA 31 and MicroRNA 150 Regulates Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Driven Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling

Hedgehog (HH) signaling is a significant regulator of cell fate decisions during embryogenesis, development, and perpetuation of various disease conditions. Testing whether pathogen-specific HH signaling promotes unique innate recognition of intracellular bacteria, we demonstrate that among diverse Gram-positive or Gram-negative microbes, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, a vaccine strain, elicits a robust activation of Sonic HH (SHH) signaling in macrophages. Interestingly, sustained tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion by macrophages was essential for robust SHH activation, as TNF-alpha(-/-) macrophages exhibited compromised ability to activate SHH signaling. Neutralization of TNF-alpha or blockade of TNF-alpha receptor signaling significantly reduced the infection-induced SHH signaling activation both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, activated SHH signaling downregulated M. bovis BCG-mediated Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling events to regulate a battery of genes associated with divergent functions of M1/M2 macrophages. Genome-wide expression profiling as well as conventional gain-of-function or loss-of-function analysis showed that SHH signaling-responsive microRNA 31 (miR-31) and miR-150 target MyD88, an adaptor protein of TLR2 signaling, thus leading to suppression of TLR2 responses. SHH signaling signatures could be detected in vivo in tuberculosis patients and M. bovis BCG-challenged mice. Collectively, these investigations identify SHH signaling to be what we believe is one of the significant regulators of host-pathogen interactions.

Ac2PIM-responsive miR-150 and miR-143 Target Receptor-interacting Protein Kinase 2 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta-activated Kinase 1 to Suppress NOD2-induced Immunomodulators

Specific and coordinated regulation of innate immune receptor-driven signaling networks often determines the net outcome of the immune responses. Here, we investigated the cross-regulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)2 pathways mediated by Ac2PIM, a tetra-acylated form of mycobacterial cell wall component and muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a peptidoglycan derivative respectively. While Ac2PIM treatment of macrophages compromised their ability to induce NOD2-dependent immunomodulators like cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, no change in the NOD2-responsive NO, TNF-alpha, VEGF-A, and IL-12 levels was observed. Further, genome-wide microRNA expression profiling identified Ac2PIM-responsive miR-150 and miR-143 to target NOD2 signaling adaptors, RIP2 and TAK1, respectively. Interestingly, Ac2PIM was found to activate the SRC-FAK-PYK2-CREB cascade via TLR2 to recruit CBP/P300 at the promoters of miR-150 and miR-143 and epigenetically induce their expression. Loss-of-function studies utilizing specific miRNA inhibitors establish that Ac2PIM, via the miRNAs, abrogate NOD2-induced PI3K-PKC delta-MAPK pathway to suppress beta-catenin-mediated expression of COX-2, SOCS-3, and MMP-9. Our investigation has thus underscored the negative regulatory role of Ac2PIM-TLR2 signaling on NOD2 pathway which could broaden our understanding on vaccine potential or adjuvant utilities of Ac2PIM and/or MDP.

Templos religiosos - a imunidade do art. 150, VI, b, da Constituição Federal, e o disposto pela mesma Constituição no art. 195, § 7º

Consultoria Legislativa - Área III - Tributação, Direito Tributário.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 150 A]

Os líderes da Campanha Nacional de Coleta de Assinaturas para as Emendas Populares fizeram um primeiro balanço do movimento e acreditam ser possível a entrega de quarenta emendas. O representante dos líderes disse que a última esperança da sociedade brasileira na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC) são as emendas populares. Constituintes discutem a primeira emenda popular, que propõe a educação religiosa no ensino de 1º e 2º graus. O Deputado Roberto Freire (PCB-PE) acredita que, para haver liberdade religiosa, é necessário que não haja obrigatoriedade de ensino religioso nas escolas. A Deputada Sandra Cavalcanti (PFL-RJ) relata que a proposta apenas solicita que conste no currículo escolar do aluno o ensino religioso. O Deputado Manoel Moreira (PMDB-SP) acredita que, da forma como está redigida, a proposta garante a oficialidade da religião católica com o Estado, significando um retrocesso. Os constituintes devem apresentar pelo menos trinta mil emendas até o dia 13 de agosto. Servidora da Secretaria Geral da Mesa diz que todos irão trabalhar muito para entregar o serviço a tempo. Cada emenda está sendo separada por assunto. Funcionário da Secretaria Geral da Mesa explica que foi elaborado um gráfico para facilitar o trabalho. O Senador Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PMDB-SP) conta que, por experiência, sabe que muitas emendas são repetitivas. O Deputado Bernardo Cabral (PMDB-AM) vê o número elevado de emendas como um desabafo do Constituinte.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 150]

O Deputado Virgílio Guimarães (PT-MG) propõe que a nova Constituição seja referendada pelo voto popular. A Mesa da Constituinte decidirá se envia o projeto ao Plenário. O Deputado Alceni Guerra (PFL-PR) quer plebiscitos parciais, por temas. O Deputado Henrique Córdova (PDS-SC) acha que o voto popular deve abranger a totalidade da Constituição e deve ser precedido de uma ampla campanha de esclarecimento. Armando Rollemberg, Presidente da FENAJ, pede aos brasileiros a participação nas emendas populares em favor da democratização dos meios de comunicação. A CUT e a CGT decidem entregar emendas populares no dia doze de agosto, mesma data marcada também para a greve geral. Na sessão O Povo Pergunta, cidadã gostaria de saber como está a questão da educação na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (ANC). O Deputado Joaci Góes (PMDB-BA) responde que a educação está sendo prioridade para os constituintes e acredita que vai haver uma importante dotação de verbas para este setor, mas diz que o mais importante é estabelecer como essas verbas serão aplicadas. Outra cidadã gostaria de saber o que será feito pelos aposentados. O Deputado Lélio de Souza (PMDB-RS) responde que, na nova Constituição, há um dispositivo estabelecendo que nenhum benefício de prestação continuada poderá ser inferior ao salário mínimo.

Lei do trabalho doméstico : Lei complementar nº 150, de 1º de junho de 2015, que dispõe sobre o contrato de trabalho doméstico

Traz o texto atualizado da lei que regulamenta os direitos dos trabalhadores domésticos, Lei Complementar nº 150, de 1º de junho de 2015.

Prevalence Of Shear Banding In Compression Of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 Pillars As Small As 150 Nm In Diameter

Recently, the size dependence of mechanical behaviors, particularly the yield strength and plastic deformation mode, of bulk metallic glasses (BMG) has created a great deal of interest. Contradicting conclusions have been drawn by different research groups, based on various experiments on different BMG systems. Based on in situ compression transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments on Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (Vit 1) nanopillars, this paper provides strong evidence that shear banding still prevails at specimen length scales as small as 150 nm in diameter. This is supported by in situ and ex situ images of shear bands, and by the carefully recorded displacement bursts under load control its well as load drops under displacement control. Finite element modeling of the stress state within the pillar shows that the unavoidable geometry constraints accompanying such experiments impart a strong effect on the experimental results, including non-uniform stress distributions and high level hydrostatic pressures. The seemingly improved compressive ductility is believed to be due to such geometry constraints. Observations underscore the notion that the mechanical behavior of metallic glasses, including strength and plastic deformation mode, is size independent at least in Vit 1. (C) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measuring the composition of AlGaN layers in GaN based structures grown on 150 mm Si substrates using (2 0 5) reciprocal space maps

A critical element for the successful growth of GaN device layers on Si is accurate control of the AlGaN buffer layers used to manage strain. Here we present a method for measuring the composition of the AlGaN buffer layers in device structures which makes use of a one-dimensional x-ray detector to provide efficient measurement of a reciprocal space map which covers the full compositional range from AlN to GaN. Combining this with a suitable x-ray reflection with low strain sensitivity it is possible to accurately determine the Al fraction of the buffer layers independent of their relaxation state. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.