Histochemical data on the skin mucous cells during the development of the trout [Translation from: Bollettino della Societa Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale 45, 1273-1276, 1969]

In the skin of Salmo irideus the production of mucus is due to one type of cell specialized as a mucus cell. The histochemical research presented in this paper describes the mucous cells of Salmo irideus and demonstrates observable variation in such cells during the fish's development.

Avoided temperatures by young fish [Translation from: Informatsionnyi Byulleten Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod No.50, 45-47, 1981]

Directed local changes of water temperature for the purpose of controlling the behaviour of fish are based on the knowledge of the characteristics of seasonal-age dynamics of their thermoadaptation possibilities. These possibilities are still inadequately studied especially in relation to avoided temperatures. By the authors the attempt was made to determine zones of avoided temperatures for the young of five species of fish (bream, roach, blue bream, perch, peled) in the summer period of the year, and also to assess the influence on them of additional factors, in particular mechanical driving. In parallel in two-fold repetition were conducted experiments on the determination of selected, shock and lethal temperatures of these fish. Experiments were conducted with fish, caught in the littoral of the Rybinsk reservoir.

Influence of starvation on selected temperatures in the young of bream, roach and perch [Translation from: Informatsionnyi Byulleten Biologiya Vnutrennikh Vod No.50, 45-47, 1981]

Works devoted to the influence of starvation on temperature selection by fishes are few and their conclusions are contradictory. This study determined the influence of brief, up to 14 days, starvation on temperature selection by young fishes. The experiments were carried out in August-September 1976 on fingerling bream (Abramis brama L.), roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) and perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) with body lengths of 3-5 cm and weight 0.5-1.2 g. The young fish were caught in the littoral by seine-nets or small drag-nets. Immediately after catching the fish they were put in acclimatization boxes. The period of acclimatization did not exceed 2 days for bream and roach at a temperature of 20 °C and 6 days for perch at 17 °C. Before the start of the experiment and for the first 10 days of the experiment the fish were fed with oligochaetes, earthworms and daphnia, after that feeding discontinued. At the end of a 10-14 day period the giving of food was resumed. The study concludes that the experiments have shown that in the summer season the factor of starvation significantly changes the reaction to the gradient of temperature in young cyprihids - roach and bream.

Photoproduction of ETA mesons from hydrogen at photon energies between 0.8 and 1.45 GeV

We measured the differential cross section of the process γp → pƞ at the 1.5 GeV Caltech electron synchrotron, at photon energies from 0.8 to 1.45 GeV, at various angles between 45° and 100° in the center of mass. A counter-spark chamber array was used to determine the kinematics of all particles in the final state of the partial mode γp → pƞ (ƞ → 2γ). Analysis of 40,000 pictures yielded 6,000 events above a background which varied with energy from 5% to 30% of foreground. The cross section shows an energy dependence confirming earlier results up to 1000 MeV, but with improved statistics; it then remains roughly constant (at 50° C.M.), to 1.45 GeV. The data show a small angular variation, within the limited range covered, at energies between 1000 and 1100 MeV.

Impact of polarized illumination on high NA imaging in ArF immersion lithography at 45 nm node

Immersion lithography has been considered as the mainstream technology to extend the feasibility of optical lithography to further technology nodes. Using proper polarized illumination in an immersion lithographic tool is a powerful means to enhance the image quality and process capability for high numerical aperture (NA) imaging. In this paper, the impact of polarized illumination on high NA imaging in ArF immersion lithography for 45 nm dense lines and semi-dense lines is studied by PROLITH simulation. The normalized image log slope (NILS) and exposure defocus (ED) window are simulated under various polarized illumination modes, and the impact of polarized illumination on image quality and process latitude is analyzed. (C) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Control of polarization for a broadband dichroic filter at 45 degrees incidence

A method for the control of polarization for a broadband dichroic filter was reported and some design examples were elaborated. This method could be applied over a wide range of wavelengths and a wide range of polarizations in the transmission region. A nonpolaiizing broadband dichroic filter and a broadband dichroic filter with certain polarization were designed and fabricated by electron beam evaporation with ion beam assisted deposition. The experimental spectral performances showed good agreement with their theoretical curves. In addition, the application of the method was discussed. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America

A política brasileira de expansão cultural no Estado Novo (1937-45)

A presente dissertação se propõe a analisar a política brasileira de propaganda e difusão cultural entre os anos de 1937 e 1945, isto é, durante o regime autoritário do Estado Novo. Como objetos de estudo, elegemos as atividades do Departamento de Imprensa e Propaganda e da Divisão de Cooperação Intelectual do Itamaraty, com ênfase no uso dos principais veículos de comunicação da época. De modo complementar, abordamos a influência da Política de Boa Vizinhança nas Américas e as viagens ao estrangeiro de artistas e intelectuais nacionais. Nosso objetivo é provar que, nesse período, o Brasil desenvolveu uma política sistemática de promoção da cultura nacional, visando exportar a imagem de um país em ascensão imagem, essa, correspondente às aspirações brasileiras de desenvolvimento e afirmação junto às grandes nações do mundo.

YBCO single grains seeded by 45° - 45° bridge-seeds of different lengths

Single grain, (RE)BCO bulk superconductors in large or complicated geometries are required for a variety of potential applications, such as motors and generators and magnetic shielding devices. As a result, top, multi-seeded, melt growth (TMSMG) has been investigated over the past two years in an attempt to enlarge the size of (RE)BCO single grains specifically for such applications. Of these multi-seeding techniques, so-called bridge seeding provides the best alignment of two seeds in a single grain growth process. Here we report, for the first time, the successful growth of YBCO using a special, 45{\deg} - 45{\deg}, arrangement of bridge-seeds. The superconducting properties, including trapped field, of the multi-seeded YBCO grains have been measured for different bridge lengths of the 45{\deg}- 45{\deg} bridge-seeds. The boundaries at the impinging growth front and the growth features of the top, multi-seeded surface and cross-section of the multi-seeded, samples have been analysed using optical microscopy. The results suggest that an impurity-free boundary between the two seeds of each leg of the bridge-seed can form when 45{\deg}- 45{\deg} bridge-seeds are used to enlarge the size of YBCO grains.

A comparison of 0°-0° and 45°-45° bridge-seeded, YBCO single grains

A variety of multiseeding techniques have been investigated over the past 20 yr in an attempt to enlarge bulk (RE)BCO superconducting samples fabricated by the top-seeded melt growth (TSMG) process for practical applications. Unfortunately, these studies have failed to establish whether technically useful values of trapped field can be achieved in multiseeded bulk samples. In this work specially designed, 0°-0° and 45°-45° bridge seeds of different lengths have been employed to produce improved alignment of the seeds during the TSMG process. The ability of these bridge-seeded samples to trap magnetic field, which is the key superconducting property for practical applications of bulk (RE)BCO, is compared for the samples seeded using 0°-0° and 45°-45° bridge seeds of different lengths. The grain boundaries produced by these bridge seeds are analyzed in detail, and the similarities and differences between the two bridge-seeding processes are discussed. © 2013 The American Ceramic Society.