885 resultados para fibra de coco


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The coco de zambê is a dance of which origin is credited to old slaves who inhabited the coastalregion of Rio Grande do Norte. The zambê appears intensely in the narratives related to the past and present of Sibaúma, a quilombola community located in the southern coast of the state. It is conceived as a sign of ethnicity linked to a local black ancestry. The group is known as "remnant of Quilombo," and is demanding the process of territorial settlement, as guaranteed through the Brazilian federal constitution. The coco de zambê, presented as a kind of "certificate of ancestry to the group, besides, after a long period of abandonment, the dance is beeing "revitalized" and exploited by a part of the group alongside the demands for recognition. In this process there are several interlinked actors: NGOs, state agencies to promote the culture, representatives of public authorities and local leaders. Here, I'm interested in understanding how this process of revival occurs with the coco de zambê in Sibaúma: how a "brincadeira" (play) of the ancients comes to be a "cultural reference" and a means of political mobilization concerning their recognition

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Este proyecto de grado tuvo como objetivo principal determinar las propiedades mecánicas que obtiene el concreto al adicionarle fibra de vidrio tipo AR, esto se logró mediante una serie de ensayos de resistencia a la compresión, a la tensión y módulo de elasticidad, realizando un trabajo comparativo con una mezcla de referencia, dichos ensayos fueron realizados en el laboratorio Construlab Ltda. y el laboratorio de Suelos, Concretos y Pavimentos de la Universidad EAFIT -- Se buscó trabajar con una mezcla de referencia la cual permitiera que al adicionarle la fibra de vidrio lograra una trabajabilidad de la mezcla aceptable, y que a la vez obtuviera valores de resistencia a la compresión, tensión y modulo elasticidad de las mezclas más comerciales en el medio de la construcción -- Los porcentajes de fibra que se usó durante la fase experimental fue de 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% y 2.5% del peso total de la mezcla realizada -- También se realizó un estudio conceptual recopilando toda la información existente en cuanto a adiciones y aditivos utilizados en el concreto, estudiando específicamente la fibra de vidrio, sus propiedades y la influencia que esta tiene en el concreto -- Durante el proyecto de grado se logró concluir que la fibra de vidrio como adición a las mezclas de concreto aporta de manera positiva en cuanto a los tres parámetros estudiados adicionándole un 1% de fibra de vidrio a la mezcla, si se usa menos cantidad de fibra que la indicada no afecta en nada a ningún parámetro de los estudiados a la mezcla de referencia, pero si se usa en exceso ya empieza a afectar la mezcla en varios aspectos, principalmente en la cuestión de resistencia a la compresión, módulo de elasticidad y trabajabilidad, pero de cierto modo también aporta de manera positiva en tensión, por ende se buscó objetar una mezcla con porcentaje de adición de fibra de vidrio balanceada la cual aportara de manera positiva a los parámetros analizados, en cuanto a resistencia a compresión logro una ganancia casi nula del 3%, en cuanto a tensión se logró una ganancia importante del 11.66%, y en cuanto a módulo de elasticidad un aumento del 16 %, todos estos valores comparados con la mezcla de referencia

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This study aims to compare the thermal performance of tiles made from recycled material (waste packaging cardboard with aluminized film) with the tiles of fiber and bitumen, fiber cement and red ceramic with the aim of verifying the suitability of tile to be used in hot and humid climate of low latitude. The samples were selected according to the availability from Natal - RN market, as they are sold to the consumers. The methodology was based on studies that used experimental apparatus composed of thermal chambers heated by banks of incandescent bulbs, to analyze the thermal performance of materials. The tiles in the study were submitted to analysis of thermal performance, thermophysical properties and absorptance, using chambers of thermal performance, measuring the thermophysical properties and portable spectrometer, respectively. Comparative analysis of thermal performance between two samples of the recycled material with dimple sizes and different amounts of aluminum were made, in order to verify, if these characteristics had some interference on the thermal performance of them; the results showed no significant performance differences between the samples. The data obtained in chambers of thermal performance and confirmed by statistical analysis, showed, that the tile of recycled material have similar thermal performance to the tile of fiber cement. In addition to these tests was carried out the automatic monitoring of a building covered with tiles of recycled material, to verify its thermal performance in a real situation. The results showed that recycled shingles must be used with technical criteria similar to those used for fiber cement tiles, with regard to the heat gain into the building. Within these criteria should be taken into account local characteristics, especially in regions with hot and humid climate, and its use must be associated, according to the literature, to elements of thermal insulation and use of passive techniques such as vented attics, ceilings and right foot higher

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En la investigación realizada en la micro cuenca Las Marías se propuso conocer el efecto de dos técnicas físicas de captación de agua sobre el establecimiento de las especies Mangifera indica L, Citrus sinensis y Coco nucifera L. Para desarrollar el proceso de recolección de información se establecieron diseños experimentales de Bloques Completos Aleatorizados, con dos repeticiones (finca Montoya parte baja y finca Miguel parte media), dentro de cada ensayo experimental se establecieron técnicas de captación de agua (cáseo y bordes) y un testigo. En cada finca se establecieron de forma azarizada 36 plántulas de Mangifera indica L, Citrus sinensis y Coco nucifera L (12 de cada especie). A cada especie se monitorearon variables de sobrevivencias, crecimiento en diámetro y altura y humedad de suelo. De igual forma se realizaron muestreos de suelo para conocer el porcentaje de humedad, infiltración y calidad física y química. El periodo de evaluación consistió de Junio 2007 a Enero 2008. Al finalizar la investigación se encontró que la especie Coco nucifera fue la que obtuvo mayor sobrevivencia (100 %), con un incremento corriente mensual (ICM) en diámetro (0.33 cm) y altura (7.73 cm), en comparación con las especies Mangifera indica y Citrus sinencis. El ICM en diámetro y altura fue similar en los tratamientos (cáseo y bordes) y el testigo (no se encontró diferencias significativa). En el tratamiento cáseo fue donde se encontró el mayor porcentaje de humedad del suelo (22.25 %) en comparación con el tratamiento bordes y el testigo. Se encontró una correlación positiva en la finca Miguel entre los porcentajes de humedad del suelo y el ICM en diámetro y altura de las especies frutales, lo cual podría estar relacionado a la calidad física y química de los suelos.

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Recentemente foi desenvolvido um dosímetro baseado em fibras cintilantes (BCF-12 da companhia Saint Gobain Crystals com 1 e 0,5 mm de diâmetro e 5 mm de comprimento) para braquiterapia de baixa taxa de dose, em particular a braquiterapia direcionada para o tratamento do cancro da próstata. Este utiliza um novo fotomultiplicador de estado sólido dado pelo nome de MPPC - MultiPixel Photon Counter da companhia Hamamatsu Photonics (Japão). Nesta dissertação é estudado o mesmo dosímetro para a modalidade de braquiterapia de elevada taxa de dose (HDR). A informação sobre a dose neste tipo de dosímetros é obtida a partir de sinais óticos (em vez de sinais elétricos), que são imunes a interferências elétricas e eletromagnéticas. Adicionalmente as pequenas dimensões das fibras oferecem uma excelente resolução espacial e uma invasão mínima para uso em dosimetria in vivo, permitindo medir a dose diretamente ou próximo ao tumor e em tempo real. A sua utilização em braquiterapia para o cancro da próstata constitui-se assim como uma vantagem, uma vez que as fibras podem ser inseridas diretamente nos aplicadores utilizados neste tipo de tratamentos. Apesar de tudo, este tipo de dosímetros possui algumas desvantagens, como por exemplo a luz de Cherenkov e a fluorescência (forma de ruído dada pelo nome de stem effect) que, e a contrário da luz produzida pela fibra cintilante, não são diretamente proporcionais à energia depositada. Contudo, e para energias praticadas em braquiterapia de HDR, nesta dissertação, mostrou-se que este problema é pouco significativo dado que a percentagem de contribuição destes efeitos para o sinal medido é menor que 1% (ou 5% para distâncias menores que 25 mm). Ao longo desta dissertação é feita a caraterização do dosímetro (em modo corrente e impulso) e das suas várias partes em ambiente de laboratório e clínico. Nestes estudos o dosímetro, além de exibir uma boa reprodutibilidade (variação máxima de 3% entre medidas), mostrou uma alta linearidade para uma ampla gama de doses, assim como uma sensibilidade (µGy) semelhante à de uma câmara de ionização, tornando-o adequado para braquiterapia de HDR (tratamento que envolve altos gradientes de dose). Complementarmente, a sua grande versatilidade e simples utilização possibilita a sua aplicação prática em outras modalidades radioterapêuticas.

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A casca do coco-verde é um resíduo do consumo da água de coco. Em cidades litorâneas este resíduo já tem se tornado um grande problema, pois é de difícil decomposição. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a casca do coco-verde ( Cocos nucifera L.) para a produção de celulose kraft. A matéria-prima foi caracterizada com relação à densidade básica, composição química, dimensão das fibras e proporção de elementos anatômicos. Foram realizados três cozimentos-teste sendo que um deles foi escolhido para repetição. Em cada um deles variou-se a carga alcalina visando à elaboração de curvas de cozimento. Nos resultados do processo de polpação foram encontrados valores altos de número kappa, baixos rendimentos e baixos teores de rejeito. As seguintes características do material, baixa densidade básica (0,128 g/cm³), alta quantidade de extrativos (33,68%) e baixa proporção de fibras (22,11%), corroboraram para estes resultados. Assim, a produção de polpa celulósica a partir da casca do coco-verde pelo processo kraft, não se mostrou como uma alternativa viável tecnicamente.

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O aparecimento da fibra de vidro deve-se à pesquisa de novos materiais. No século XIX, as fibras de vidro foram pela primeira vez tecidas. Só mais tarde, durante o século XX, com o desenvolvimento de resinas foi possível produzir a fibra de vidro como material compósito. Ainda durante a 2ª Guerra Mundial foi construído um avião de combate em fibra de vidro. Desde então sofreu um grande desenvolvimento, tendo sido aplicada nas mais diversas indústrias. Recentemente, a fibra de vidro tem sido também aplicada em estruturas na construção civil. Nos últimos anos tem havido uma crescente investigação acerca das estruturas de betão armado com armaduras de fibra de vidro (GFRP). A análise de parâmetros como a fendilhação, a deformação e a contribuição do betão entre fendas, é fundamental para a compreensão do comportamento desse material compósito. A aderência entre os varões e o betão é condicionada pela resistência do betão e pela superfície das armaduras, podendo estas propriedades influenciarem a evolução dos parâmetros atrás referidos. Contudo, a investigação neste domínio ainda está pouco desenvolvida e carece de mais estudo, para que seja possível a sua aplicação em estruturas de uma forma mais criteriosa e abrangente. Pretendeu-se conjugar as vantagens do betão estrutural de agregados leves (BEAL), bom desempenho de resistência e a reduzida densidade, com as dos varões de GFRP, sendo necessário estudar o seu comportamento em conjunto para uma boa compreensão dos fenómenos inerentes a esta combinação de materiais. Neste trabalho analisam-se vários parâmetros fundamentais ao comportamento de elementos de BEAL reforçado com varões de GFRP, nomeadamente: a aderência da interface betão-armadura, a fendilhação, tension stiffening effect e a deformação. Para esta análise, considerou-se a variação da resistência mecânica do BEAL, do tipo de armadura de reforço (aço e GFRP) e o diâmetro dos varões. Foi desenvolvido um programa experimental que contempla um total de doze tirantes de betão armado, seis com varões de GFRP e seis com varões de aço, de forma a poder efectuar-se uma comparação directa. Foram também incluídos no programa experimental trinta e seis provetes de ensaios pull out, dezoito com armaduras de fibra de vidro e dezoito com armaduras de aço, igualmente com o objectivo de comparação dos resultados. Na análise dos resultados foi possível verificar as diferenças entre o uso de armaduras de GFRP e de aço nos parâmetros em estudo, assim como a influência da resistência dos BEAL e dos diâmetros das armaduras. Verificou-se que a largura de fendas, bem como as deformações nos tirantes com armaduras de GFRP foram superiores às observadas com armaduras de aço. No que diz respeito à aderência foram observadas menores tensões nas armaduras de GFRP.

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The coco de zambê is a dance of which origin is credited to old slaves who inhabited the coastalregion of Rio Grande do Norte. The zambê appears intensely in the narratives related to the past and present of Sibaúma, a quilombola community located in the southern coast of the state. It is conceived as a sign of ethnicity linked to a local black ancestry. The group is known as "remnant of Quilombo," and is demanding the process of territorial settlement, as guaranteed through the Brazilian federal constitution. The coco de zambê, presented as a kind of "certificate of ancestry to the group, besides, after a long period of abandonment, the dance is beeing "revitalized" and exploited by a part of the group alongside the demands for recognition. In this process there are several interlinked actors: NGOs, state agencies to promote the culture, representatives of public authorities and local leaders. Here, I'm interested in understanding how this process of revival occurs with the coco de zambê in Sibaúma: how a "brincadeira" (play) of the ancients comes to be a "cultural reference" and a means of political mobilization concerning their recognition

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Due to the occurrence of diseases in the use of structural reinforcements in composites, with presentation of concrete blanket detachment, has been identified the need to evaluate the performance of concrete reinforced with glass fiber. This study aims to evaluate these concretes by means of testing methodologies, using concrete with low resistance with structural reinforcement for confinement by preimpregnated glass fiber and traditional fiberglass blanket. The first stage of work was the development of methodologies for analysis, opting for four types, such as the acoustic survey, strength to compressive, the pull-off and ultrasound. Next, tests were carried out using the four selected methodologies in 30 of proof-of-specimens by 5x10 cm, 15 were reinforced with the traditional fiberglass blanket with 5specimens exposed to test a marine environment of marine coastline of Natal-RN and 15 were reinforced with a pre-impregnated glass fiber blanket, as well as 5specimens exposed to a test environment of the marine coastline of Natal-RN. After conducting the acoustic survey, it has been verified a lack of delaminating and air bubbles in the samples, confirming the absence of gross shortcomings in the implementation of the ribs both the traditional fiberglass blanket and in the preimpregnated fiber glass blanket. After carrying out methods of pull-off and compressive strengthening test it was observed that the reinforced proof-bodies with pre-impregnated glass blanket showed maximum stresses higher than the traditional fiberglass blanket; consequently a greater grip with the formation of a smaller area of . fracture, unlike traditional glass mat, which showed lower maximum stresses, with a greater area of fracture. It was also found that the traditional fiberglass blanket presented detachment of blanket-concrete interface, unlike the pre-impregnated fiberglass blanket, which showed a better grip on the blanket-concrete interface. In the trial of ultrasound there was no presence of cracks in the blanket-concrete interface, yielding to both blankets good compactness of the concrete. At the end of this work, they were developed and proposed two methods of testing for evaluation of reinforced concrete structures with composites, for standardization, the acoustic survey and pull-off

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This study aims to compare the thermal performance of tiles made from recycled material (waste packaging cardboard with aluminized film) with the tiles of fiber and bitumen, fiber cement and red ceramic with the aim of verifying the suitability of tile to be used in hot and humid climate of low latitude. The samples were selected according to the availability from Natal - RN market, as they are sold to the consumers. The methodology was based on studies that used experimental apparatus composed of thermal chambers heated by banks of incandescent bulbs, to analyze the thermal performance of materials. The tiles in the study were submitted to analysis of thermal performance, thermophysical properties and absorptance, using chambers of thermal performance, measuring the thermophysical properties and portable spectrometer, respectively. Comparative analysis of thermal performance between two samples of the recycled material with dimple sizes and different amounts of aluminum were made, in order to verify, if these characteristics had some interference on the thermal performance of them; the results showed no significant performance differences between the samples. The data obtained in chambers of thermal performance and confirmed by statistical analysis, showed, that the tile of recycled material have similar thermal performance to the tile of fiber cement. In addition to these tests was carried out the automatic monitoring of a building covered with tiles of recycled material, to verify its thermal performance in a real situation. The results showed that recycled shingles must be used with technical criteria similar to those used for fiber cement tiles, with regard to the heat gain into the building. Within these criteria should be taken into account local characteristics, especially in regions with hot and humid climate, and its use must be associated, according to the literature, to elements of thermal insulation and use of passive techniques such as vented attics, ceilings and right foot higher

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The research and development of wind turbine blades are essential to keep pace with worldwide growth in the renewable energy sector. Although currently blades are typically produced using glass fiber reinforced composite materials, the tendency for larger size blades, particularly for offshore applications, has increased the interest on carbon fiber reinforced composites because of the potential for increased stiffness and weight reduction. In this study a model of blade designed for large generators (5 MW) was studied on a small scale. A numerical simulation was performed to determine the aerodynamic loading using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. Two blades were then designed and manufactured using epoxy matrix composites: one reinforced with glass fibers and the other with carbon fibers. For the structural calculations, maximum stress failure criterion was adopted. The blades were manufactured by Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM), typical for this type of component. A weight comparison of the two blades was performed and the weight of the carbon fiber blade was approximately 45% of the weight of the fiberglass reinforced blade. Static bending tests were carried out on the blades for various percentages of the design load and deflections measurements were compared with the values obtained from finite element simulations. A good agreement was observed between the measured and calculated deflections. In summary, the results of this study confirm that the low density combined with high mechanical properties of carbon fibers are particularly attractive for the production of large size wind turbine blades

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The development of new materials to fill the demand of technological advances is a challenge for many researchers around the world. Strategies such as making blends and composites are promising alternatives to produce materials with different properties from those found in conventional polymers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of adding the copolymer poly(ethylene methyl acrylate) (EMA) and cotton linter fibers (LB) on the properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETrec) by the development of PETrec/EMA blend and PETrec/EMA/LB blend composite. In order to improve the properties of these materials were added as compatibilizers: Ethylene - methyl acrylate - glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EMA-GMA) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE-g-MA). The samples were produced using a single screw extruder and then injection molded. The obtained materials were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), melt flow index (MFI) mensurements, torque rheometry, pycnometry to determinate the density, tensile testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rheological results showed that the addition of the EMA copolymer increased the viscosity of the blend and LB reduces the viscosity of the blend composite. SEM analysis of the binary blend showed poor interfacial adhesion between the PETrec matrix and the EMA dispersed phase, as well as the blend composite of PETrec/EMA/LB also observed low adhesion with the LB fiber. The tensile tests showed that the increase of EMA percentage decreased the tensile strength and the Young s modulus, also lower EMA percentage samples had increased the elongation at break. The blend composite showed an increase in the tensile strength and in the Young`s modulus, and a decrease in the elongation at break. The blend formulations with lower EMA percentages showed better mechanical properties that agree with the particle size analysis which showed that these formulations presented a smaller diameter of the dispersed phase. The blend composite mechanical tests showed that this material is stronger and stiffer than the blend PETrec/EMA, whose properties have been reduced due to the presence of EMA rubbery phase. The use of EMA-GMA was effective in reducing the particle size of the EMA dispersed phase in the PETrec/EMA blend and PE-g-MA showed evidences of reaction with LB and physical mixture with the EMA