Physical-chemical and mineralogical characterization of fine aggregates from construction and demolition waste recycling plants

Construction and demolition waste (CDW) represents around 31% of all waste produced in the European Union. It is today acknowledged that the consumption of raw materials in the construction industry is a non-sustainable activity. It is thus necessary to reduce this consumption, and the volume of CDW dumped, by using this waste as a source of raw materials for the production of recycled aggregates. One potential use of these aggregates is their incorporation in reinforced concrete as a replacement of natural aggregates. A concrete that incorporates these aggregates and still performs well requires them to be fully characterized so that their behaviour within the concrete can be predicted. Coarse recycled aggregates have been studied quite thoroughly, because they are simpler to reintroduce in the market as a by-product, and so has the performance of concrete made with them. This paper describes the main results of research designed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of fine recycled aggregates for concrete production and their relationship with mineralogical composition and preprocessing. The constraints of the incorporation of fine aggregates in reinforced concrete are discussed. It is shown that, unless a developed processing diagram is used, this application is not feasible. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The fan mussel Pinna rudis : occurrence and association with Pontonia pinnophylax in Terceira Island (Azores, NE Atlantic).

Conference: IMMR | International Meeting on Marine Research 2014. Peniche, Portugal, 10 Jul - 11 Jul, 2014. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation.

Desenvolvimento de processo de depilação de pele caprina sem destruição do pêlo e avaliação do seu impacto ambiental

O meio ambiente é uma grande preocupação mundial existindo cada vez mais imposições legais no sentido de o proteger. Torna-se assim necessário que as indústrias adoptem e desenvolvam processos alternativos mais limpos. A indústria de curtumes transforma a pele animal em couro, material resistente à putrefacção e com estabilidade térmica suficiente para ser manufacturado nas indústrias do calçado, estofos, vestuário e marroquinaria. A transformação referida é efectuada através duma série de processos entre os quais o caleiro, processo que visa depilar a pele e promover o relaxamento da estrutura fibrilar, tem um papel importante. O processo de caleiro produz um efluente bastante poluente. Tendo em conta esse facto, este trabalho teve como objectivo desenvolver processos de depilação de pele caprina sem destruição do pêlo, com vista à redução da quantidade de sulfureto e sulfidrato de sódio utilizada e da carga poluente do efluente. Além disso, o processo permite a recuperação do pêlo e este pode ser reaproveitado como fertilizante orgânico, hidrolisado de queratina, compostagem, etc. Todo o trabalho foi realizado tomando por base um processo de caleiro padrão utilizado industrialmente, alterando-o de forma a obter um processo de caleiro óptimo de depilação sem destruição do pêlo com e sem utilização de enzimas. Numa primeira fase, desenvolveu-se um processo de depilação sem destruição do pêlo normalmente utilizado para a pele de bovino que foi adaptado com resultados positivos, designado de processo sem enzimas. Numa segunda fase, desenvolveu-se um processo enzimático em que se utilizou uma protease (Erhavit DMC), uma lipase (Defat 50) e uma amilase (Mayzme SD-L); este processo deu bons resultados tal como o anterior. A redução da quantidade de sulfureto de sódio foi de 33% e 53% para o processo sem enzimas e processo com enzimas, respectivamente, em relação ao processo padrão. O efeito dos processos na carga poluente, à escala piloto, comprova uma redução de 37% nos SST, 37% nos SDT, 60% na CQO, 9% no S2- e 73% no Azoto para o processo sem enzimas e uma redução de 93% nos SST, 63% nos SDT, 69% na CQO, 69% no S2- e 83% no Azoto para o processo com enzimas, quando comparados com o processo padrão. . Uma análise de custos, com incidência apenas nos agentes químicos utilizados, permitiu concluir a existência de uma redução de custos anuais de 30% para o processo com enzimas e de 13% para o processo sem enzimas, quando comparados com o processo padrão. Como conclusão, os processos desenvolvidos apresentam um grande potencial para serem explorados industrialmente.

Construção de um parque eólico industrial

Dissertação de Natureza Científica para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização de Edificações

Tratamento de superfícies metálicas por nanotecnologia

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Biológica

Simulation and life cycle assessment of process design alternatives for biodiesel production from waste vegetable oils

This study uses the process simulator ASPEN Plus and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to compare three process design alternatives for biodiesel production from waste vegetable oils that are: the conventional alkali-catalyzed process including a free fatty acids (FFAs) pre-treatment, the acid-catalyzed process, and the supercritical methanol process using propane as co-solvent. Results show that the supercritical methanol process using propane as co-solvent is the most environmentally favorable alternative. Its smaller steam consumption in comparison with the other process design alternatives leads to a lower contribution to the potential environmental impacts (PEI’s). The acid-catalyzed process generally shows the highest PEI’s, in particular due to the high energy requirements associated with methanol recovery operations.

Equipamentos de congelação industrial de produtos alimentares perecíveis: análise comparada de apoio à decisão

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Reabilitação energética de um edifício de serviços

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização de Edificações

Biodiesel production over lithium modified lime catalysts: activity and deactivation

Biodiesel production by methanolysis of semi-refined rapeseed oil was studied over lime based catalysts. In order to improve the catalysts basicity a commercial CaO material was impregnated with aqueous solution of lithium nitrate (Li/Ca = 03 atomic ratio). The catalysts were calcined at 575 degrees C and 800 degrees C, for 5 h, to remove nitrate ions before reaction. The XRD patterns of the fresh catalysts, including the bare CaO, showed lines ascribable to CaO and Ca(OH)(2). The absence of XRD lines belonging to Li phases confirms the efficient dispersion of Li over CaO. In the tested condition (W-cat/W-oil = 5%; CH3OH/oil = 12 molar ratio) all the fresh catalysts provided similar biodiesel yields (FAME >93% after 4 h) but the bare CaO catalyst was more stable. The activity decay of the Li modified samples can be related to the enhanced, by the higher basicity, calcium diglyceroxide formation during methanolysis which promotes calcium leaching. The calcination temperature for Li modified catalysts plays an important role since encourages the crystals sinterization which appears to improve the catalyst stability. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mechanical performance of concrete made with aggregates from construction and demolition waste recycling plants

This research aims at analysing the mechanical performance of concrete with recycled aggregates (RA) from construction and demolition waste (CDW) from various locations in Portugal. First the characteristics of the various aggregates (natural and recycled) used in the production of concrete were thoroughly analysed. The composition of the RA was determined and several physical and chemical tests of the aggregates were performed. In order to evaluate the mechanical performance of concrete, compressive strength (in cubes and cylinders), splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and abrasion resistance tests were performed. Concrete mixes with RA from CDW from several recycling plants were evaluated, in order to understand the influence that the RA's collection point, and consequently their composition, has on the characteristics of the mixes produced. The analysis of the mechanical performance allowed concluding that the use of RA worsens most of the properties tested, especially when fine RA are used. On the other hand, there was an increase in abrasion resistance when coarse RA were used. In global terms, the use of this type of aggregates, in limited contents, is viable from a mechanical viewpoint. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Assessment and control of nanoparticles exposure in welding operations by use of a control banding tool

This paper describes the use of a Control Banding Tool to assess and further control of exposure of nanoparticles emitted during welding operations. The tool was applied to Metal Active Gas (MAG) arc welding of mild and stainless steel, providing semi-quantitative data on the process, so that protection measures could be derived, e.g. exhaust gas ventilation by hoods, local ventilation devices and containment measures. This tool is quite useful to compare and evaluate the characteristics of arc welding procedures so that more eco-friendly processes could be preferred over the more potentially noxious ones.

The state of environmental performance evaluation in the public sector: the case of the Portuguese defence sector

Journal of Cleaner Production, nº 17, p. 36-52

Environmental impact assessment in higher education and training in Portugal

Journal of Cleaner Production, nº 16, p. 639-645

Picocyanobacteria From a Clade Of Marine Cyanobium Revealed Bioactive Potential Against Microalgae, Bacteria, And Marine

The production of bioactive compounds either toxic or with pharmacological applications by cyanobacteria is well established. However, picoplanktonic forms within this group of organisms have rarely been studied in this context. In this study, the toxicological potential of picocyanobacteria from a clade of marine Cyanobium strains isolated from the Portuguese coast was examined using different biological models. First, strains were identified by applying morphological and molecular approaches and cultured under lab conditions. A crude extract and three fractions reflecting a preliminary segregation of lipophilic metabolites were tested for toxicity with the marine microalga Nannochloropsis sp., the bacteria Pseudomonas sp., the brine shrimp Artemia salina, and fertilized eggs of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. No significant apparent adverse effects were noted against Artemia salina. However, significant adverse effects were found in all other assays, with an inhibition of Nannochloropsis sp. and Pseudomonas sp. growth and marked reduction in Paracentrotus lividus larvae length. The results obtained indicated that Cyanobium genus may serve as a potential source of interesting bioactive compounds and emphasize the importance of also studying smaller picoplanktonic fractions of marine cyanobacteria.

Toxicity assessment of crude and partially purified extracts of marine Synechocystis and Synechococcus cyanobacterial strains in marine invertebrates

Among the Cyanoprokaryota, the genera Synechocystis and Synechococcus have rarely been studied with respect to potential toxicity. This is particularly true with marine environments where studies about the toxicity of cyanobacteria are restricted to filamentous forms at the warmer temperate and tropical regions and also to filamentous forms at cold seas such as the Baltic Sea. In this study, we describe the effects of cyanobacterial strains of the Synechocystis and Synechococcus genera isolated from the marine coast of Portugal, on marine invertebrates. Crude and partially purified extracts at a concentration of 100 mg/ml of freeze-dried material of the marine strains were tested for acute toxicity in nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina, in the rotifer Brachionus plicatillis and in embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The cyanobacterial extracts, especially the crude extract, had an impact on A. salina nauplii. No significant toxic effects were registered against the rotifer. A negative impact of all strains was recorded on the embryonic development of the sea urchin, with toxic effects resulting in an inhibition of embryogenesis or development of smaller larvae. To the mussel embryos, the effects of cyanobacterial extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of embryogenesis. The results of all assays indicate that Synechocystis and Synechococcus marine strains contained toxic compounds to marine invertebrates.