"Waking up from Medieval Slumber"

When the book Medieval Goa first appeared three decades ago (Delhi: Concept, 1979), it represented a significant break in the tradition of Indo-Portuguese historiography, until then markedly Luso-Indian, even when Goan native historians were the authors. This was acknowledged by prominent historians like C R Boxer, M N Pearson, A Disney, J Wicki and others who reviewed the book in international journals of history. The colonial culture and the political climate were not helpful for the promotion of a critical approach.

A POLISSEMIA (SOCIAL) DO DESERTO: UMA HISTÓRIA DO TÓPOS HISTÓRICO E HISTORIOGRÁFICO DA SOLIDÃO MONÁSTICA NO CONTEXTO LATINO MEDIEVAL

Resumo O presente artigo visa demonstrar que a visão historiográfica tradicional a respeito da solidão medieval é tributária da revalorização de alguns lugares comuns da retórica clássica e bíblica empregados pela documentação do período. Constatação não sem importância, uma vez que ela nos abre um novo horizonte analítico ainda não explorado pelos estudos monásticos: a função social da solidão medieval. Metodologicamente, o texto propõe o exame de relações lexicais dinâmicas presentes no campo semântico da solidão medieval. Ao final de nosso percurso teremos demonstrado que o deserto latino deve ser compreendido em função do processo de transferência da noção oriental para o ocidente. Uma transferência que coloca a solidão sob o controle de especialistas do isolamento cristão, tais como eremitas e monges. Esses reivindicam para si o monopólio da ocupação de um espaço de solidão: o eremus. Defende-se, assim, que a noção latinizada de solidão, bem como a polissemia do desertum bíblico, implica uma concepção "territorializada" do espaço na medida em que os agentes sociais em questão pretendem exercer sua influência de forma exclusiva sobre este espaço.

Mutations du roman français depuis les années quatre-vingt : le parcours de Jean Echenoz

Artigo também disponível no PROA-UA: plataforma de revistas em open access da universidade de aveiro com o URI http://revistas.ua.pt/index.php/Carnets/article/view/808/742.

La traduction de renvois intertextuels dans le roman contemporain : Histoire du Siège de Lisbonne de Saramago et Vou-me embora d'Echenoz

Une des caractéristiques du roman contemporain qui constitue un défi pour le traducteur est l'usage constant que les auteurs y font de l'intertextualité. Ce recours à des renvois intertextuels crée, dans le roman, un rapport ludique selon lequel l'auteur introduit dans son texte des passages au statut différent, que le lecteur devrait trouver et interpréter. Traduire ces romans et ces procédés intertextuels exige du traducteur qu'il assume un rôle différent de celui que la tradition lui accorde: non plus celui du traducteur-reproducteur, mais celui du traducteur-créateur.

Vraisemblance et 'illusion auctoriale' dans le roman contemporain

Les romans contemporains – dont ceux de Jean Echenoz et de Jean-Philippe Toussaint – attirent constamment l'attention sur le caractère construit et artificiel du récit et ont recours à des procédés de réécriture qui fonctionnent comme des clins d'oeil au lecteur, chez qui ils produisent une sensation de complicité avec l'auteur. L'accent y est donc mis sur la présence de l'autorité romanesque plutôt que sur le caractère vraisemblable du monde fictionnel: c'est cette voix qui s'adresse directement au lecteur et la situation d'énonciation qui deviennent vraisemblables et qui assurent ce que l'on appellera une "illusion auctoriale", c'est-à-dire une croyance en un contact ou une relation directe entre lecteur et auteur.

Young people's blood alcohol concentration and the alcohol consumption city law, Brazil

The paper assesses blood alcohol concentration and risk behaviors for traffic accidents before and after the implementation of a law which prohibits the use of alcoholic beverages on city gas stations. In Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, young people go out at night and drive to gas station convenience stores to buy alcoholic beverages which are consumed on the premises of parking lots in gas stations. Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaires and breath analyzers in two cross-sectional collections with purposive samples of youngsters in May and July 2006 (n=62, and n=50, respectively). There were no significant differences between the groups before and after the city law was passed. Blood alcohol concentration greater than 0.06% was found in 35.5% of pre-law group and 40% of post-law group (p=0.62). Results point out heavy alcohol use in both groups, which did not change after the law was passed.

The Portuguese law on social economy

This study is a reflection on the Portuguese Framework Law on Social Economy, highlighting, from a critical point-of-view, its contribution to the explicit institutional and legal recognition of the social economy sector. It does so by defining the concept of social economy and listing the entities engaged in this sector, by defining its guiding principles and the mechanisms for its promotion and encouragement, and also by describing the creation of a tax and competition regime which will take into account its specificities. The setting up of this foundations of the social economy was based on the constitutional principle of protection of the social and cooperative sector, which substantiates the adoption of differentiating solutions in view of the positive discrimination of this sector.

Enterprises' internationalisation strategy: skills in exportation and customs law

Economical development has always been connected to the commercial exchanges between people, due to the necessity to suppress their needs. With the increasing growth of international business and more competitive and demanding markets, exportation has become an important first step to internationalisation. Unlike what happened in the past, companies must be aware that the enrolment in the current global market is risky and requires elaborated technical procedures. Internationalisation should not be treated as an isolated event of business management. The first part of this paper aims to understand the export process and fit it in the current stage of international trade, keeping in mind the framework of export under the customs law. Then, we tried to understand how Portuguese companies should face this process in their internationalisation strategy, and what skills organisations must acquire to be able to export competitively in the current scenario of globalisation. The investigation was based on interviews in companies that, through a process of internationalisation by exportation, have implemented themselves strongly in extern markets. This investigation allowed us to analyse the companies’ motivations to become international, as well as the selection criteria for the export destinations. It was also possible to identify the main obstacles to the internationalisation of Portuguese companies. We concluded that companies that choose exportation as a way to become international acquire specific skills that enable them to become competitive in international trade. However, studies have failed to answer the second initial question about whether the measures implemented by Customs potentiate exports.

Power law and entropy analysis of catastrophic phenomena

Catastrophic events, such as wars and terrorist attacks, tornadoes and hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods and landslides, are always accompanied by a large number of casualties. The size distribution of these casualties has separately been shown to follow approximate power law (PL) distributions. In this paper, we analyze the statistical distributions of the number of victims of catastrophic phenomena, in particular, terrorism, and find double PL behavior. This means that the data sets are better approximated by two PLs instead of a single one. We plot the PL parameters, corresponding to several events, and observe an interesting pattern in the charts, where the lines that connect each pair of points defining the double PLs are almost parallel to each other. A complementary data analysis is performed by means of the computation of the entropy. The results reveal relationships hidden in the data that may trigger a future comprehensive explanation of this type of phenomena.

Modelling adhesive joints with cohesive zone models: effect of the cohesive law shape of the adhesive layer

Adhesively-bonded joints are extensively used in several fields of engineering. Cohesive Zone Models (CZM) have been used for the strength prediction of adhesive joints, as an add-in to Finite Element (FE) analyses that allows simulation of damage growth, by consideration of energetic principles. A useful feature of CZM is that different shapes can be developed for the cohesive laws, depending on the nature of the material or interface to be simulated, allowing an accurate strength prediction. This work studies the influence of the CZM shape (triangular, exponential or trapezoidal) used to model a thin adhesive layer in single-lap adhesive joints, for an estimation of its influence on the strength prediction under different material conditions. By performing this study, guidelines are provided on the possibility to use a CZM shape that may not be the most suited for a particular adhesive, but that may be more straightforward to use/implement and have less convergence problems (e.g. triangular shaped CZM), thus attaining the solution faster. The overall results showed that joints bonded with ductile adhesives are highly influenced by the CZM shape, and that the trapezoidal shape fits best the experimental data. Moreover, the smaller is the overlap length (LO), the greater is the influence of the CZM shape. On the other hand, the influence of the CZM shape can be neglected when using brittle adhesives, without compromising too much the accuracy of the strength predictions.

Shannon information and power law analysis of the chromosome code

This paper studies the information content of the chromosomes of twenty-three species. Several statistics considering different number of bases for alphabet character encoding are derived. Based on the resulting histograms, word delimiters and character relative frequencies are identified. The knowledge of this data allows moving along each chromosome while evaluating the flow of characters and words. The resulting flux of information is captured by means of Shannon entropy. The results are explored in the perspective of power law relationships allowing a quantitative evaluation of the DNA of the species.

Power law analysis of financial index dynamics

Power law PL and fractional calculus are two faces of phenomena with long memory behavior. This paper applies PL description to analyze different periods of the business cycle. With such purpose the evolution of ten important stock market indices DAX, Dow Jones, NASDAQ, Nikkei, NYSE, S&P500, SSEC, HSI, TWII, and BSE over time is studied. An evolutionary algorithm is used for the fitting of the PL parameters. It is observed that the PL curve fitting constitutes a good tool for revealing the signal main characteristics leading to the emergence of the global financial dynamic evolution.

The roman conquered by delay: reducing the number of preemptions using sleep states

Sleep-states are emerging as a first-class design choice in energy minimization. A side effect of this is that the release behavior of the system is affected and subsequently the preemption relations between tasks. In a first step we have investigated how the behavior in terms of number of preemptions of tasks in the system is changed at runtime, using an existing procrastination approach, which utilizes sleepstates for energy savings purposes. Our solution resulted in substantial savings of preemptions and we expect from even higher yields for alternative energy saving algorithms. This work is intended to form the base of future research, which aims to bound the number of preemptions at analysis time and subsequently how this may be employed in the analysis to reduced the amount of system utilization, which is reserved to account for the preemption delay.