591 resultados para Penaeus-esculentus Haswell
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A pattern recognition protein (PRP), lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) cDNA was cloned from the haemocyte of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis by the techniques of homology cloning and RACE. Analysis of nucleotide sequence revealed that the full-length cDNA of 1,275 bp has an open reading frame of 1,098 bp encoding a protein of 366 amino acids including a 17 amino acid signal peptide. Sequence comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of F. chinensis LGBP showed a high identity of 94%, 90%, 87%, 72% and 63% with Penaeus monodon BGBP, Litopenaeus stylirostris LGBP, Marsupenaeu japonicus BGBP, Homarus gammarus BGBP and Pacifastacus leniusculus LGBP, respectively. The calculated molecular mass of the mature protein is 39,857 Da with a deduced pI of 4.39. Two putative integrin binding motifs, RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) and a potential recognition motif for beta-1,3-linkage of polysaccharides were observed in LGBP sequence. RT-PCR analysis showed that LGBP gene expresses in haemocyte and hepatopancreas only, but not in other tissues. Capillary electrophoresis RT-PCR method was used to quantify the variation of mRNA transcription level during artificial infection with heat-killed Vibrio anguillarum and Staphylococcus aureusin. A significant enhancement of LGBP transcription was appeared at 6 h post-injection in response to bacterial infection. These results have provided useful information to understand the function of LGBP in shrimp.
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Dicer is a member of the RNAase III family which catalyzes the cleavage of double-stranded RNA to small interfering RNAs and micro RNAs, and then directs sequence-specific gene silencing. In this paper, the full-length cDNA of Dicer-1 was cloned from white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (designated as LvDcr1). It was of 7636 bp, including a poly A tail, a 5' UTR of 136 bp, a 3' UTR of 78 bp, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 7422 bp encoding a putative protein of 2473 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence comprised all recognized functional domains found in other Dicer-1 homologues and showed the highest (97.7%) similarity to the Dicer-1 from tiger shrimp Penaeus mondon. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to investigate the tissue distribution of LvDcr1 mRNA, and its expression in shrimps under virus challenge and larvae at different developmental stages. The LvDcr1 mRNA could be detected in all examined tissues with the highest expression level in hemocyte, and was up-regulated in hemocytes and gills after virus injection. These results indicated that LvDcr1 was involved in antiviral defense in adult shrimp. During the developmental stages from fertilized egg to postlarva VII, LvDcr1 was constitutively expressed at all examined development stages, but the expression level varied significantly. The highest expression level was observed in fertilized eggs and followed a decrease from fertilized egg to nauplius I stage. Then, the higher levels of expression were detected at nauplius V and postlarva stages. LvDcr1 expression regularly increased at the upper phase of nauplius, zoea and mysis stages than their prophase. The different expression of LvDcr1 in the larval stages could provide clues for understanding the early innate immunity in the process of shrimp larval development. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Serine proteinase homologues (SPHs), as one of prophenoloxiase-activating factors (PPAFs), play critical roles in innate immunity of crabs. Based on an EST from the eyestalk full length cDNA library, the complete cDNA (designated as PtSPH) and genomic DNA of SPH from the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus were cloned in this study. The estimated molecular weight of mature PtSPH (354 amino acids) was 38.7 kDa and its isoelectric point was 5.08. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that PtSPH lacked a catalytic residue with a substitution of Ser in the active site triad to Gly. Phylogenetic analysis indicated PtSPH together with PPAFs of Callinectes sapidus (AAS60227), Eriocheir sinensis (ACU65942), Penaeus monodon (ABE03741, ACP19563) and Pacifastacus leniusculus (ACB41380), formed a distinct cluster which only included clip-SPHs. As the first analyzed genomic structure of PPAFs in crustaceans, two introns were found in the open reading frame region of this gene. The mRNA transcripts of PtSPH could be detected in all the examined tissues, and were higher expressed in the eyestalk than that in gill, hepatopancreas, haemocytes and muscle. Accompanied with the change in phenoloxidase (PO) activity and total haemocyte counts, the temporal expression of PtSPH gene in haemocytes after Vibrio alginolyticus challenge demonstrated a clear time-dependent expression pattern with two peaks within the experimental period of 32 h. These findings suggest that PtSPH is involved in the antibacterial defense mechanism of Portunus tritubercualtus crab. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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A new member of antimicrobial protein genes of the Crustin family was cloned from haemocytes of the Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis by 3' and 5' RACE. The full-length cDNA of Crustin-like gene contains a 390 bp open reading frame, encoding 130 amino acids. The deduced peptide contains a putative signal peptide of 17 amino acids and mature peptide of 113 amino acids. The molecular mass of the deduced mature peptide is 12.3 ku. It is highly cationic with a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.5. The deduced amino acids sequence of this Crustin showed high homology with those of Penaeus (Litopenaeas) setferus. Northern blotting showed that the cloned Crustin gene was mainly expressed in haemocytes, gill, intestine, and RNA in situ hybridization indicated that the Crustin gene was constitutively expressed exclusively in haemocytes of these tissues. Capillary electrophoresis RT-PCR analysis showed that Crustin was up-regulated dramatically from 12 to 48 h after a brief decrease of mRNA during first 6 h in response to microbe infection. The level of Crustin mRNA began to restore at 72 h post-challenge. This indicated that Crustin gene might play an important role when shrimps are infected by bacterial pathogen.
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中国对虾(Penaeus orientalis)对硒的需要量为20ppm或高于此值,饵料中添加的硒可能通过促进谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性而间接提高对虾的增重率和抗病能力;GSH-Px活性是对虾重要的生理指标,可用来衡量对虾对硒的营养状态。对虾可以直接吸收海水中的硒,但能力较低,由于海水中的硒含量很低,所以,有必要在饵料中添加适量的硒。肝胰脏是对虾体内各种来源的硒的储存库;肝胰脏中的硒除了少量与小分子的氨基酸、肽等结合外,大部分与大分子的蛋白质(部分是酶)结合。对虾体内的硒可以通过甲壳和鳃排出体外。
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以人工配合饵料作为有机污染源,选定试验池、对照池各1个,分别放养5cm左右的中国对虾12尾;除了试验池的投饵量为对照池的2倍以及对照池每天吸底外,其他养殖条件均保持一致。目的在于研究有机污染对水环境生态效应和对中国对虾内环境的影响,进而探讨有机污染对虾病的诱发作用。结果表明,有机污染影响水环境,且改变中国对虾内环境,降低其免疫水平,使虾病易于发生。同时,温度在有机污染对水环境的影响中也具有重要的作用。
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对虾病害在世界范围内的广泛传播,给水产养殖和沿海农村经济造成了重大损失。深入开展对虾免疫机制研究并在此基础上寻找对虾疾病防治的有效方法已成为当务之急。研究表明,当对虾等甲壳动物受到外界病原刺激时,其体内的吞噬细胞在吞噬活动中会激活磷酸己糖支路的代谢,引起呼吸爆发,产生多种活性氧分子。另外,受到病原侵染的对虾还会产生其他多种免疫反应,这些免疫反应将消耗大量的能量(ATP),产能的呼吸链会加速运转,由此也会引发大量活性氧的产生。这些活性氧分子可以杀灭入侵的病原微生物,但同时由于活性氧分子反应的非特异性,它们也会对宿主的细胞、组织和器官造成严重伤害,进而导致对虾生理机能的损伤和免疫系统的破坏。所以,消除对虾体内因过度免疫反应产生的过量氧自由基将能够增强其抵御病原侵染的能力,提高免疫力。本论文从中国明对虾体内克隆了线粒体型超氧化物歧化酶(mMnSOD)、胞质型超氧化物歧化酶(cMnSOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase)和过氧化物还原酶(Peroxiredoxin)等四种与免疫系统相关的抗氧化酶基因,分析了它们的分子结构特征,组织分布及应答不同病原刺激的表达变化模式,并对其中的mMnSOD基因和Peroxiredoxin基因进行了体外重组表达、分离纯化和酶活性分析。 采用RACE技术从中国明对虾血细胞中克隆了两个超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)基因,通过序列比对分析发现,其中一个为mMnSOD基因,另一个为cMnSOD基因。mMnSOD基因的cDNA全长为1185个碱基,其中开放阅读框为660个碱基,编码220个氨基酸,其中推测的信号肽为20个氨基酸。多序列比对结果显示中国明对虾mMnSOD基因的推导氨基酸序列与罗氏沼虾、蓝蟹的推导氨基酸序列同源性分别为88%和82%。Northern blot结果表明,该基因在对虾的肝胰脏、血细胞、淋巴器官、肠、卵巢、肌肉和鳃等组织中均有表达。半定量RT-PCR结果显示,对虾感染病毒3 h时,该基因在血细胞和肝胰脏中的转录水平显著升高。此外,通过构建原核表达载体,本研究对该基因进行了体外重组表达,并对纯化的重组蛋白进行了质谱鉴定和酶活分析。cMnSOD基因的cDNA全长为1284个碱基,其中开放阅读框为861个碱基,编码287个氨基酸。多序列比对结果显示中国明对虾cMnSOD基因的推导氨基酸序列与斑节对虾和凡纳滨对虾的同源性高达98%和94%。组织半定量结果显示,cMnSOD基因在对虾被检测的各个组织中均有表达。 另外,半定量RT-PCR结果表明,对虾感染病毒23h时,该基因在肝胰脏中的转录上升到正常水平的3.5倍;而感染后59 h时,该基因在血细胞中的转录上升到正常水平的2.5倍。 利用根据其他生物过氧化氢酶保守氨基酸序列设计的简并引物,结合RACE技术,从中国明对虾肝胰脏中克隆到了过氧化氢酶基因的部分片段,片段长1725个碱基。多序列比对结果发现目前所得中国明对虾Catalase基因部分片段的推导氨基酸序列与罗氏沼虾和皱纹盘鲍Catalase氨基酸序列的同源性分别达到95%和73%。通过实时荧光定量PCR技术对中国明对虾Catalase基因在各个组织中的分布情况及病毒感染后该基因在血细胞和肝胰脏中的转录变化进行了研究。结果发现,该基因在肝胰脏、鳃、肠和血细胞中表达水平较高,在卵巢、淋巴器官和肌肉中的表达水平相对较弱;感染病毒23 h和37 h时,对虾血细胞和肝胰脏中该基因mRNA的表达量分别出现显著性上升。 依据中国明对虾头胸部cDNA文库提供的部分片段信息,结合SMART-RACE技术,从中国明对虾肝胰脏中克隆到了过氧化物还原酶基因(Peroxiredoxin), 该基因的cDNA全长为942个碱基,其中开放阅读框为594个碱基,编码198个氨基酸。中国明对虾Peroxiredoxin基因的推断氨基酸序列与伊蚊、文昌鱼和果蝇等Peroxiredoxin基因的推断氨基酸序列同源性分别为77%、76%和73%。其蛋白理论分子量为22041.17 Da,pI为5.17。Northern blot结果表明,Peroxiredoxin基因在对虾的肝胰脏、血细胞、淋巴器官、肠、卵巢、肌肉和鳃等组织中均有表达。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,弧菌感染后,该基因在对虾血细胞和肝胰脏中的转录水平都有明显变化并且表达模式不同。另外,对该基因进行了体外重组表达,并对纯化的重组蛋白进行了质谱鉴定和酶活性分析。酶活性分析表明,复性后的重组蛋白能在DTT存在的条件下还原H2O2。
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南美洲白对虾(Penaeus vannamei Boone)在龄期分别为9和12个周月时实施眼柄摘除手术,均能有效地诱导卵巢发育并成熟。其差别为前者需要三个月后才能产卵,而后者中需20天,相对而言龄期越大卵巢催熟的效果越明显。但上述期内,两栖批对虾所产卵粒幸免存在质量差,数量明显减少的问题,说明该虾种在龄期达12个周月时实施催熟手术仍然为时尚早。中国对虾Penaeus chinensis(0'sbeck)眼柄中所含的性腺抑制激素(GIH)对于雌虾的卵巢发育具有显著的抑制作用。实验结果表明:摘眼迟了8天多。这种抑制效应并不受提供眼柄的对虾性别的限制。注射眼柄提取液对卵巢发育所产生的抑制作用是暂时性的,一旦停止注射,被抑制的卵巢能够重新发育,并成熟产卵。
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该文利用生化、组化、电镜酶细胞化学技术以及分子生物学技术,研究了中国对虾酚氧化酶(PO)的活性、在血淋巴中的定位、Cu结合位点cDNA片段结构分析.以生物化学方法研究了中国对虾和南美白对虾血清酚氧化酶(PO)生理功能和活性影响.超显微结构定位显示,PO阳性产物位于血细胞和血细胞周围.PO大部分均质且电子密度很高.在细胞外层有异物处的PO密度最大.其中大颗粒细胞周围的PO阳性产物最多,小颗粒细胞和透明细胞则很少或没有.中国对虾酚氧化酶原(proPO)cDNA片断含有两个公认的铜结合位点,两个位点周围的组氨酸的高度保守.
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本文以中国对虾(penaeus orientalis)胚胎为实验材料,先后在恒磁场和变磁场条件下研究了磁场对对虾胚胎发育的影响。结果表明:磁场对虾胚胎发良的效应与所使用的磁场类型、磁场强度及磁场处理时间都有密切关系。弱恒磁场(1000GS※以下)促进胚胎发育,具有正向的生物学效应,而强恒磁场(7000GS以上)则抑制胚胎发育,表现为负向的生物学效应。强度在1000GS以下的磁场对对虾胚胎发育的效应与强恒磁场相似,也表现为负向的生物学效应。同其它生物效应一样,磁场对对虾胚胎发育的效应也与胚胎受磁场处理时间的长短有密切关系。1000GS交变磁场的表明:磁场处理胚胎的时间越长,则其对胚胎发育的效应越明显,反之则不明显或无。实验结果亦表明:对虾胚胎发育的不同时期对磁场的敏感程度不同。原肠期最敏感,囊胚期次之,肢芽期最不敏感。磁场对胚胎发育的影响机制非常复杂。恒磁场有可能通过影响参与胚胎发育的一些酶的活性及改变胚胎内部正常的物质分布及传递,从而对胚胎发育产生影响。变磁场对胚胎发育的影响更为复杂,其中包括生物电效应,即变磁场通过造成胚胎内磁场通量的瞬间变化,引起胚胎内产生感应电场及感应电流。感应电场及感应电流对胚胎发育的正常具有不利影响。
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本文研究了365nm波长紫外线辐射中国对虾精子对其顶体反应和受精能力的影响。结果表明,低剂量紫外线辐射促进精子发生顶体反应,大剂量辐射使精子丧失发生顶体反应的生理机能并死亡。人工诱导雌核发育的过程中,紫外线辐射精液稀释液5-8秒,可获得遗传物质失活的精子(激活源)。经透射电镜观察分析,紫外线对精子遗传物质的损伤是一种使染色质变性的化学作用。
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在过去的几十年间,利用线粒体基因组序列探讨后生动物深层次的系统发育关系已取得初步进展。这主要得益于,线粒体基因组与其它分子标记相比具备诸多优势。迄今为止,超过1,200个后生动物的线粒体基因组已被测定,然而所获得的数据分布极不均衡。 软甲纲历来是甲壳动物分类学和系统发育学研究的重要类群,在形态学特征和分子生物学各方面取得广泛的发展。尽管软甲纲本身作为单系群已得到大多数甲壳动物学家认可,但是软甲纲内部各个类群之间的系统发育关系迄今仍颇有争议。本文报道了凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei、中国明对虾Fenneropenaeus chinensis、脊尾白虾Exopalaemon carinicauda、太平洋磷虾Euphausia pacifica和采自南极普里兹湾南极磷虾Euphausia superba的线粒体基因组,其长度分别为15,989 bp、16,004 bp、15,730 bp、16,898 bp和15,498 bp以上(部分非编码区没有测定)。 本研究发现凡纳滨对虾、中国明对虾、脊尾白虾和太平洋磷虾的线粒体基因组包含后生动物线粒体基因组典型的基因组成(13个蛋白质编码基因、22个转运RNA、2个核糖体RNA和一个非编码的AT富含区);然而,南极磷虾与后生动物线粒体基因组典型的基因组成相比,存在1个trnN基因的重复。与泛甲壳动物线粒体基因组的原始排列相比,凡纳滨对虾和中国明对虾线粒体基因组的基因排列完全一致;脊尾白虾的线粒体基因组发生罕见的trnP和trnH易位,从而说明在真虾下目中线粒体基因组的基因排列并不保守;太平洋磷虾线粒体基因组的基因排列出现3个转运RNA的重排 (trnL1、trnL2和trnW);南极磷虾线粒体基因组的基因排列除了出现太平洋磷虾具有的这3个转运RNA重排之外,还有1个trnN的重复和1个trnI基因的重排。另外,在太平洋磷虾线粒体基因组最大的非编码区中存在一个154 bp×4.7的串连重复区域,如此大片段的串联重复区域(>150 bp)在软甲纲动物线粒体基因组中是首次报道。 目前所获得的线粒体基因组数据强有力地支持口足目、对虾科、真虾下目和短尾下目为单系群。通过比较基因排列及蛋白质编码基因核苷酸和氨基酸序列的系统发育分析得知真虾类和龙虾类为腹胚亚目的原始类群,并支持“((Penaeus+Fenneropenaeus)+Litopenaeus)+Marsupenaeus”的系统发育关系。此外,线粒体基因组的数据也强有力地支持磷虾目为单系群。但对于磷虾目在软甲纲中的分类地位及与其它类群的系统发育关系存在一些分歧:基于蛋白质编码基因核苷酸和氨基酸数据的贝叶斯分析强有力地支持磷虾目和十足目近缘,这个结果和传统的分类系统完全一致;然而,基于核苷酸序列的邻接法、氨基酸序列的邻接法和最大似然法均强有力地支持磷虾类和对虾类亲缘关系较近,从而破坏了十足目的单系性,与传统的认识并不一致,但由于自展值的支持率非常高,所以深层次的分析需要进一步加强。 星虫动物属于海洋生物中的一个小门类,自1555年被记载以来,其在后生动物中的分类地位就备受争议。本研究测定了星虫动物门的第一条线粒体基因组:革囊星虫Phascolosoma esculenta的线粒体基因组,全长为15,494 bp,包含13个蛋白质编码基因、22个转运RNA、2个核糖体RNA和1个非编码的AT富含区,所有37个基因在同一条链上编码。与后生动物线粒体基因组的典型组成相比,存在一个trnR基因的缺失和一个trnM基因的重复。比较星虫动物和其它后生动物的线粒体基因组,可以得到以下结论:1)星虫动物和环节动物(包括螠虫动物)的线粒体基因组有相近的基因排列,而且所有基因都在同一链上编码;2)基于蛋白质编码基因的系统发育分析强有力地支持星虫动物和环节动物(包括螠虫动物)组成一个单系群,而将软体动物排除在外。因此,本研究认为以前许多星虫动物和软体动物“共享”的特征,包括发育特征和缺乏分节等,需要重新考虑。
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该文首先对中国对虾血细胞体外短时培养条件进行了摸索,以期为后来在体外研究中国对虾血细胞吞噬活动中ROS的产生建立基础.在上在实验的基础上,该文利用化学发光法对中国对虾血细胞体外吞噬过程中ROS的产生进行了研究,试图了解血细胞吞噬活动中的化学发光现象.最后利用NBT还原法研究了中国对虾血细胞体外吞噬过程中O<'-><,2>的产生化及一些环境污染物如重金属离子和农药对其吞噬活动中O<'-><,2>的产生影响.