1000 resultados para Obesidade na adolescência Teses
Resumo:
Mate choice is a component of sexual selection. Trying to understand the patterns of this process, several studies have emphasized the adaptive value of sexual differences and their influence on the assessment of the market value. The pattern for adults presented on the scientific literature, which is based on the preference for certain characteristics, shows that men search a partner who shows high value of fecundity and fertility, thus looking for partners with the ability of being pregnant and nursing their offspring. On the other hand, women look for partners with high socioeconomic status, which is strongly associated with the ability to protect and provide resources for them and their offspring. Surprisingly, there is few works that investigated the mate choice patterns during the beginning of the period of sexual differentiation on the morphological, physiological and behavioral traits. The aim of this study was to investigate mate choice patterns in adolescence in order to describe their preferences and contribute to the understanding of human reproductive behavior. Took part of this research 1,232 students from educational institutions of Natal, Brazil, and visitors to the Scientific, Technological and Cultural Fair UFRN. In the Experimental Study 1, we applied a questionnaire to evaluate the importance of certain characteristics, assessed the degree of romantic involvement and real and ideal partners age preference. In the Experimental Study 2, we did a survey of characteristics considered relevant and evaluate the importance of these characteristics in mate choice. The Experimental Study 3 brought an investigation of mate choice patterns based on self-assessment of adolescents, evaluating ideal partner for a short-term and long-term relationships and actual partner. We found that adolescents are motivated to live romantic experiences. We also observed a preference for partners of similar age to that described for adults. Finally, we found similarities and differences in the preferences for characteristics in real and ideal partners in relation to the adult pattern. In addition, we observed high similarity on the self-assessment and assessment of real and ideal partners. We suggest that in the mate choice, adolescents are similar to young adults in some aspects but not all. Our results show the relevance of the reproductive behavior investigation in this human developmental period and reinforce that further studies should contribute to the understanding of human behavior in terms of ontogenetic development and their evolutionary history.
Resumo:
From evidence of an existing divergence of opinion among professionals and adolescents using the prenatal and delivery services at a Public Health Unit, aimed to study meanings and consequences of adolescent motherhood among 26 adolescent mothers living in Felipe Camaro, low income district of Natal, capital do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Living in a peripheral neighbourhood with a high rate of adolescent mothers in relation to the total new-born, those girls, with offspring among 8 and 12 months age, during interview and focus groups, expressed a different appreciation of their experience than the hegemonic idea among professionals that considers pregnancy and motherhood as unwanted or undesired. With age among 15 and 20 years old, having 53,8% initiated sexual activity before being 15 years old, revealed that the pregnancy was desired in 73,1% of cases, but showing at the same time a social context marked by strong gender oppression and lack of opportunities as consequence of social class deprivation. Life projects, almost always limited to the constitution of a traditional nuclear family, with a purveyor father and care giver mother, appears with very limited possibilities: 46,2% already lived with her partner before becoming pregnant and for 50% of the participants, the birth of the child did not provoke changes in plans and projects. Lack of economical recourses and precarious public services available, together with an idealized maternity role seems to produce extra apprehension among those girls, resulting in frustration and disillusion. As a fact, 92,3% of those adolescents would recommend other adolescent to postpone the maternity project
Resumo:
Suicide rates have been rising all over the world. In Rio Grande do Norte state, a study carried out by Dutra (1999) investigated suicide rates among youngsters and found that in 1997 alone 244 cases of suicide attempt were registered. The author took an interest in studying this phenomenon among adolescents after reviewing Dutra s study and the technical literature on suicide. In addition to that, another topic caught her attention and raised new research questions: suicide attempts motivated by love, i.e., the end of a relationship, the fantasy of being abandoned by a partner. These have made the author to question how love manifested itself among adolescents and how it could become a reason for adolescents to give up their lives. Based on the data she analyzed and the research questions she developed, her research objective was to understand how adolescents who have attempted suicide because of love-related reasons have gone through this experience. The theoretical reference for the research was the Client-centered Therapy and more specifically, the construct self , according to Carl Rogers. The methodological strategy was inspired by the existential-phenomenological strategy. It used the narrative as a research instrument, inspired by the work of Walter Benjamim (1994) which was developed into a research strategy by Schmidt (1990). Four youngsters (three male and one female) have participated in this study. They have attempted suicide for love-related reasons during dolescence, when they were 12 to 18 years old. The interviews were recorded on cassette tapes, transcribed and literalized into narratives. The understanding of the narratives was based on the meanings that emerged from the youngsters speeches, as well as from the moments that touched the author. These moments highlighted the meaning of the experience of giving up life and the experience of love-based relationship as experienced by the youngsters. The study detected, among the adolescents who were interviewed, the existence of impulsiveness related to the suicide attempt. Also, the majority of the interviewees came from unstructured family backgrounds and had lost of one of their parents or had to face their parents divorce. The suicide was attempted by these youngsters through the ingestion of medicines. The research also revealed that the youngsters had regretted attempting suicide and felt guilty about it. With regards to their self-evaluation, the author observed that the youngsters had low self-esteem, negative perceptions about themselves and distorted views of themselves. These findings helped the author to reflect on the close relationship between the construct self and the suicide attempt. She also observed that a few factors, i.e., family context, education, social and cultural values, have influenced the way the youngsters perceived themselves . The results of this research confirm the idea that we have to understand the suicide attempt as a multi-determined phenomenon. This study contributed to the analysis and reflection on the factors that contribute to suicide attempts thus providing a foundation for the development of public health programs and policies to deal with this topic
Resumo:
Numerous studies discuss the issue of adolescent in conflict with the law from the adolescent that committed infraction or from his perceptions. Taking into account the importance of the family in the life of all subject in development, this study sought the look of the families about the infraction of their adolescents under socio-educative measures. For this purpose, semi-open interviews were conducted with 20 families, ten of the boys and equal number of the girls. The institutions where the measures are applied in Natal / RN gave space for most family members to be interviewed. The data collected were arranged in tables and analyzed qualitatively following the socio-historical perspective. The survey revealed that the meanings attributed to the time of conflict with the law of the adolescents differ between the boys families and the girls . Most of the boys families see the infraction as a consequence of the influence of bad company, as a minor provocative of changes in the family s relations, left justified in a context marked by violence. Now for most part of the girls families, the infraction is seen as their responsibility, as generator of transformations within the family both emotional and economic , and inaugurates a search movement for conflicts resolutions. Through the testimonies of these families, it became evident that there was a family reality structured also by a conflicting social, economic and community context. Thus, before there is an infraction that demarcates the conflict in adolescence, there is a family in conflict.
Resumo:
This work seeks to understand the difficulties and dilemmas that pervade the career choice of teenagers. For this, we take investigative via psyquic unconscious determinations that, as observed in present clinical practice, it is also confirmed important in the reviewed literature. In the last one, the most important findings signaled an important relationship between identification processes and the various choices we make throughout life. These findings led us to question about how psychoanalysis understands these processes and how they are involved in building the career choice of teenagers. From the referential Freudian and Lacanian, we have studied the concepts of adolescence and identification, which articulated the process of career choice and fragments of clinical cases, allowed us to reach conclusions that point to the deep involvement of the dimension of desire and the unconscious in issues regarding career choices and the possibility of building a listening, of the difficulties found there, more attentive to the psychic determinations and singular responses that each presents in front of these determinations
Resumo:
This Project was built to reflect about juvenile violence and the socio-educationals range of community services provision. It is known that the juvenile violence is a phenomenon inserted on the capitalism system, backed on neo liberal project. Though, it is essential a historical analysis, showing the economical, political, social and cultural mechanisms which determine the juvenile violence personality. On this way, it is seek understand the elements that leads on work world changes, on the State and public politics sphere, that deepens social dissimilarities. On this propose, it is known that there is a relation among the violence, while one of many manifestations of social question on society and the macroestructualsdeterminant that lead the teenager to a social rick situation. This research focused on a inquiry quail-quantitative, using the theoric-metodological procedures of observation, interview and documental quest techniques. The universe had been defined by the intentional sample of 22 interviewed on total, during August and October 2008, covering adolescents and their relatives, technical and the coordinator, which subsidized the Socio educational program of community services provision from Natal analysis of limits and their range. The results of this investigation indicate the necessity of development, with the teenagers authors of infringement acts, a care system that is grounded on a professional formation, respect on human rights and citizenship conquest, regarding that children and teenagers are designed as people on development, that have theirs rights and integral protection, being the State, society and family responsibility assure the integral development of them
Resumo:
Faz-se uma reflexo sobre a contracepo e suas conseqncias na adolescência, baseada em trabalhos nacionais e internacionais alertam para a precocidade do incio da atividade sexual, a qual expe os adolescentes aos riscos da gravidez e das doenas sexualmente transmissveis e AIDS. Verifica-se que a maioria dos adolescentes recebe informaes sobre contracepo, sendo a plula e o preservativo os mais conhecidos e utilizados. Porm, registram-se elevada inadequao na utilizao dos mtodos contraceptivos, alm da falta de servios assistncias, onde possam buscar orientaes e atendimento. Tal realidade alerta para a necessidade de maior envolvimento de profissionais da sade, da educao, famlia e comunidade, garantindo qualidade de vida aos adolescentes.
Resumo:
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no Hospital Maternidade Santa Izabel da cidade de Bauru, So Paulo, Brasil, e teve como objetivo investigar o abortamento na adolescência e compar-lo com o das mulheres adultas. Os indicadores buscaram traar o perfil epidemiolgico das mulheres internadas, por meio de dados coletados em pronturios, entre aquelas com diagnstico de aborto, independente da forma clnica, entre os anos de 2000 a 2003. O total de abortamentos registrados foi de 2.286, sendo 459 (20,08%) na faixa etria da adolescência e a forma completa foi significativamente maior nas adolescentes quando comparada s das mulheres adultas; segundo o ano de anlise, constatou-se decrscimo de ocorrncia entre as adolescentes, com maior incidncia em 2000 (30,50%), seguida dos anos de 2001 (25,05%), 2002 (23,53%) e 2003 (20,92%), sendo que as adolescentes apresentaram tendncia a permanecer dois ou mais dias hospitalizadas. Enfatiza-se a implementao de polticas e programas direcionados sade sexual e reprodutiva e suas co-morbidades.
Resumo:
O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o processo de abortamento na adolescência, segundo a perspectiva da adolescente. Foi desenvolvido no Hospital Maternidade Santa Izabel, da cidade de Bauru (So Paulo, Brasil), e a metodologia qualitativa buscou compreender a experincia da adolescente no processo de abortamento, construindo um modelo terico representativo. Utilizou-se como referencial terico o interacionismo simblico e como metodolgico a grounded theory. Foram entrevistadas dez adolescentes, e a anlise dos relatos constatou a descoberta da gravidez, os sentimentos emergentes, o difcil momento da internao, a esperana do retorno ao cotidiano acompanhado pelo apoio dos familiares e a necessidade de mudanas decorrentes de tal experincia. Dos depoimentos emergiram trs fenmenos: descobrindo-se grvida, vivenciando o abortamento e reelaborando o plano de vida. A partir da anlise do processo, desenvolveu-se a categoria central: Abortamento na adolescência: da vida experincia do colo vazio. Concluso: a ocorrncia do abortamento na adolescência causa diferentes sentimentos, podendo atingir as esferas biopsicossociais.
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalncia do sobrepeso/obesidade em um grupo de crianas com constipao crnica funcional. MTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo com 257 crianas de dois a 15 anos com constipao crnica funcional diagnosticada segundo critrios de Roma II, atendidas consecutivamente em clnica terciria de gastroenterologia peditrica. Informaes demogrficas, clnicas, diagnsticas e antropomtricas foram obtidas de pronturios. O ndice de massa corporal (IMC) foi calculado e utilizou-se a referncia do Centers for Disease Control para determinar o percentil de IMC para idade e gnero. Crianas com percentil de IMC>85 foram consideradas com sobrepeso/obesidade; as com percentis > 5 e <85 foram classificadas como eutrficas. RESULTADOS: Para as variveis sociodemogrficas e clnicas, no houve diferena estatisticamente significante entre os subgrupos sobrepeso/obesidade e eutrofia. A prevalncia de crianas constipadas com sobrepeso/obesidade foi de 24,4%. A mdia dos percentis do subgrupo sobrepeso/obesidade foi 94,44,3; a das eutrficas foi 45,324,2. A prevalncia de sobrepeso/obesidade foi similar em ambos os sexos e grupos etrios (<7 anos e >7 anos). CONCLUSES: Os subgrupos dos eutrficos e sobrepeso/obesidade foram homogneos nas caractersticas sociodemogrficas e clnicas, sugerindo que tais variveis no influenciaram na prevalncia do excesso de peso. A prevalncia estimada de sobrepeso/obesidade entre as crianas com constipao crnica funcional est dentro dos valores esperados para a populao peditrica brasileira.
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: Desenvolver uma dieta hiperlipdica de baixo custo, tendo farinha de soja como fonte proteica, que seja eficiente na seleo de ratos propensos e resistentes obesidade e que permita alcanar fentipo obeso nos animais propensos. Alm desses requisitos, a dieta deve ser palatvel e no rejeitada a curto prazo pelo animal. MTODOS: A dieta proposta foi obtida misturando-se leite condensado (15,5%), amendoim (18,5%), farinha de soja (20,0%), leo de milho (6,0%), rao Bio Tec (30,0%) e bolacha wafer de chocolate (10,0%). A mistura foi peletizada e submetida anlise bromatolgica. A dieta foi ofertada a ratos Wistar durante uma semana; posteriormente, os animais foram divididos em trs grupos, de acordo com o ganho de peso. O tero superior foi considerado propenso obesidade e o tero inferior, resistente obesidade. Aps 80 dias de oferta da dieta, os animais foram sacrificados e foram quantificados o peso corpreo, consumo alimentar, gorduras retroperitoneal, periepididimal, de carcaa e gorduras totais. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que a dieta apresentava 5,31kcal/g, com a seguinte composio: 22,3% de gordura, 22,2% de protena, 15,9% de fibra, estimando-se 35,7% de carboidrato. Ratos propensos obesidade, alimentados por 87 dias com a dieta hipercalrica, apresentaram peso corpreo, gorduras retroperitoneal, periepididimal e totais significativamente maiores do que animais resistentes obesidade (p<0,05). O consumo de alimentos tambm foi maior em animais propensos (p<0,05). Verificou-se tambm que a substituio da casena pela farinha de soja, como componente proteico da rao, levou diminuio de 96,0% no custo do estudo. CONCLUSO: A dieta formulada com farinha de soja apresentou custo reduzido e foi capaz de desenvolver o fentipo obeso em ratos propensos, semelhana do observado na literatura com outras dietas.
Resumo:
Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar a obesidade em pacientes infartados. Os dados foram obtidos junto a 43 pacientes de um hospital universitrio. Constatou-se que 69,7% dos sujeitos possuam ndice de Massa Corporal (IMC) maior que o desejado (26,90,5); 79% dos indivduos possuam alterao no percentual de gordura corporal (20,01,0); 72,5% dos sujeitos apresentavam razo cintura quadril acima do desejado (0,970,03); a circunferncia da cintura (CC) esteve alterada em 64% dos sujeitos (97,31,8). Como a CC correlacionou-se significativamente com o IMC e percentagem de gordura corporal, nesse grupo estudado, sugere-se a determinao do IMC e da CC para avaliao da obesidade em nvel ambulatorial.
Resumo:
Os objetivos do estudo foram descrever a prevalncia de hipertenso arterial (HA) e verificar os efeitos que a idade e indicadores de obesidade provocam na presso arterial (PA) de trabalhadores de uma indstria de balas e gomas. Para tanto a PA sistlica (PAS), PA diastlica (PAD), as medidas de massa corporal (MC), estatura e circunferncia de cintura (CC) foram obtidas de 348 trabalhadores voluntrios (243 homens e 105 mulheres). A prevalncia de HA na amostra foi 8,9% (31 casos) e mais comum nos homens do que nas mulheres (7,2% vs 1,7%). Entre os hipertensos a idade (PAS r=0,43) e a MC (PAD r=0,39) demonstraram correlao (r) positiva e significativa, apesar de baixa. Por sua vez entre os normotensos (317) e o grupo total (348), a idade e todos os indicadores de obesidade (MC, IMC, CC) apresentaram correlao baixa, porm significativa e positiva com os valores de PAS, PAD e PA mdia (PAM) (r=0,23 a r=0,47). Adicionalmente a anlise estatstica revelou que homens e mulheres com HA so mais velhos e obesos do que seus pares normotensos. Exceto para a idade e o sexo, que so fatores de risco no modificveis, os indicadores de obesidade possuem forte associao com hbitos e comportamentos de risco e, portanto, passveis de preveno.
Resumo:
FUNDAMENTO: A ausncia de valores crticos para a identificao de risco cardiovascular entre adolescentes brasileiros representa uma importante limitao. OBJETIVOS: Elaborar valores crticos para circunferncia de cintura e analisar sua eficincia na indicao de valores elevados de presso arterial. MTODOS: Estudo transversal que avaliou 1.145 adolescentes de 11 a 17 anos (536 do sexo masculino e 609 do feminino), dos quais foram coletados valores de peso corporal, estatura, resistncia, reatncia, dobra cutnea tricepital, circunferncia de cintura e presso arterial (n= 334). A obesidade abdominal foi indicada por meio de valores de circunferncia de cintura. RESULTADOS: Os adolescentes obesos apresentaram valores mais altos de circunferncia de cintura e, independentemente de gnero e grupo etrio, houve relao significativa entre os valores de circunferncia de cintura e todos os indicadores de adiposidade adotados no estudo. Os valores crticos propostos apresentaram maior sensibilidade na indicao de valores elevados de presso arterial. CONCLUSES: Os valores crticos propostos para circunferncia de cintura foram mais sensveis na indicao de valores elevados de presso arterial. Entretanto, ainda so necessrios estudos para averiguar a eficincia dos mesmos na indicao de outros parmetros clnicos e laboratoriais.
Resumo:
FUNDAMENTO: A prevalncia de dislipidemias vem aumentando em diversas partes do Brasil, porm no claro ainda quanto de exerccio fsico necessrio para se obter efeitos benficos sobre os nveis de lipoprotenas plasmticas. OBJETIVO: O estudo analisou, em oito cidades do Estado de So Paulo, a associao entre a prtica continuada de exerccios fsicos ao longo da vida e a ocorrncia de dislipidemia na idade adulta. MTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo 2.720 adultos, de ambos os sexos, residentes em oito cidades do Estado de So Paulo. Por meio de entrevista domiciliar, a presena de dislipidemias foi autorreferida e a prtica de exerccios fsicos foi analisada na infncia (7-10 anos), na adolescência (11-17 anos) e na idade adulta (atividades de lazer). No tratamento estatstico, modelos multivariados foram criados com a regresso logstica binria. RESULTADOS: A prevalncia de dislipidemia foi de 12,2% (IC95%= 11,1%-13,5%) e no houve diferena entre as cidades (p = 0,443). Mulheres (p = 0,001) e obesos (p = 0,001) apresentaram maior taxa de dislipidemia. Exerccio fsico atual no se associou com a presena de dislipidemia ([> 180 minutos por semana] p = 0,165), porm, a prtica de exerccio fsico, tanto na infncia (p = 0,001) como na adolescência (p = 0,001), foi associada com menor ocorrncia da doena. Adultos fisicamente ativos em todos os trs momentos da vida apresentaram 65% menos chances de reportar dislipidemia (RC = 0,35 [0,15-0,78]). CONCLUSO: A prtica continuada de exerccios fsicos ao longo da vida foi associada com menor ocorrncia de dislipidemia entre adultos do Estado de So Paulo.