Chinese Texts Progress Report

Progress report for the Chinese Texts, Digging into Data Challenge round 3, project.

中国力学学会史 = A history of Chinese society of theoretical and applied mechanics

《中国力学学会史》是《中国学会史丛书》之一。是一部全面系统记述中国力学学会建立与发展历程的专著。 《中国力学学会史》全书30万字，书中不但重点对学会的初创情况、发展过程、组织建设、学术交流、分支机构等进行了专门介绍，还特别收录了记述学会重大活动情况的大事记、名人与学会发展的丰富资料和一些极有史料价值的历史照片，旨在反映学会在不同时期的活动概况及其在中国力学界中发挥的桥梁与纽带作用。 中国力学学会是中国科协的组成部分，也是我国著名的学术团体之一，仅以此书的编著出版，纪念中国科协成立50周年和中国力学学会成立50多周年。本书可供力学界和科技界有关部门及工作者、各学会相关人员、大专院校师生参阅，也可作为组织和开展国内外学术交流研究的参考资料。

Compression of Chinese document images based on morphologic analysis and pattern matching

We propose a highly efficient content-lossless compression scheme for Chinese document images. The scheme combines morphologic analysis with pattern matching to cluster patterns. In order to achieve the error maps with minimal error numbers, the morphologic analysis is applied to decomposing and recomposing the Chinese character patterns. In the pattern matching, the criteria are adapted to the characteristics of Chinese characters. Since small-size components sometimes can be inserted into the blank spaces of large-size components, we can achieve small-size pattern library images. Arithmetic coding is applied to the final compression. Our method achieves much better compression performance than most alternative methods, and assures content-lossless reconstruction. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Legal dimensions of the Chinese experience in Los Angeles, 1860-1880

On October 24, 1871, a massacre of eighteen Chinese in Los Angeles brought the small southern California settlement into the national spotlight. Within a few days, news of this “night of horrors” was reported in newspapers across the country. This massacre has been cited in Asian American narratives as the first documented outbreak of ethnic violence against a Chinese community in the United States. This is ironic because Los Angeles’ small population has generally placed it on the periphery in historical studies of the California anti-Chinese movement. Because the massacre predated Los Angeles’ organized Chinese exclusion movements of the late 1870s, it has often been erroneously dismissed as an aberration in the history of the city.

The violence of 1871 was an outburst highlighting existing community tensions that would become part of public debate by decade’s close. The purpose of this study is to insert the massacre into a broader context of anti-Chinese sentiments, legal discrimination, and dehumanization in nineteenth century Los Angeles. While a second incident of widespread anti-Chinese violence never occurred, brutal attacks directed at Chinese small businessmen and others highlighted continued community conflict. Similarly, economic rivalries and concerns over Chinese prostitution that underlay the 1871 massacre were manifest in later campaigns of economic discrimination and vice suppression that sought to minimize Chinese influence within municipal limits. An analysis of the massacre in terms of anti-Chinese legal, social and economic strategies in nineteenth-century Los Angeles will elucidate these important continuities.

Compression of Chinese document images based on morphologic analysis and pattern matching

We propose a highly efficient content-lossless compression scheme for Chinese document images. The scheme combines morphologic analysis with pattern matching to cluster patterns. In order to achieve the error maps with minimal error numbers, the morphologic analysis is applied to decomposing and recomposing the Chinese character patterns. In the pattern matching, the criteria are adapted to the characteristics of Chinese characters. Since small-size components sometimes can be inserted into the blank spaces of large-size components, we can achieve small-size pattern library images. Arithmetic coding is applied to the final compression. Our method achieves much better compression performance than most alternative methods, and assures content-lossless reconstruction. (c) 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

'Fa Tsai', a Chinese edible Nostoc in market. [Translation from: Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Phycology 8 124-126, 1960. ]

The Nostoc 'Fa Tsai' is sometimes seen in Chinese cooking materials stores. It is investigated what 'Fa Tsai' consists of and where it originates.

Origin of Chinese ancient glasses;study on the earliest Chinese ancient glasses

The earliest Chinese ancient glasses before the West Han Dynasty (200 BC) from different regions are studied. The glass samples were unearthed from Hunan, Hubei, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangdong and Xinjiang of China. The chemical composition of these glasses samples is analyzed by proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) method and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). It is shown that the glass chemical compositions belong to barium-lead silicate BaO-PbO-SiO2, potash soda lime silicate K2O (Na2O)-CaO-SiO2 (K2O/Na2O > 1), soda potash lime silicate Na2O (K2O)-CaO-SiO2 (K2O/Na2O < 1) and potash silicate K2O-SiO2 glass systems, respectively. The origins of the earliest Chinese ancient glasses are discussed from the archaeological and historical points of view. These four types of Chinese ancient glasses were all made in Chinese territory using local raw materials. The glass preparation technology was related to the Chinese ancient bronze metallurgy and proto-porcelain glaze technology. The glass technology relationship between the East and the West is analyzed at the same time.

Da homeopatia à medicina chinesa: a trajetória dos pontos de Weihe

Esta dissertação de mestrado é um estudo de natureza sócio-histórico que constrói a trajetória do sistema de Pontos de Weihe, um sistema médico minoritário, cuja origem encontra-se na Homeopatia, porém, seu desenvolvimento o levou de encontro a Acupuntura. Esse estudo tem como objetivo inserir seu objeto de análise na discussão de questões pertinentes ao desenvolvimento conceitual da Homeopatia. Sendo um sistema médico complexo, a racionalidade médica homeopática possui seis dimensões, a saber: morfologia (ou anatomia), dinâmica vital (ou fisiologia), doutrina, diagnóstico, terapêutica e cosmologia. Destas, a dimensão da morfologia e o exame físico da dimensão diagnóstica são compartilhados com a biomedicina, enquanto, as demais, baseiam-se no para digma vitalista, ainda que nem todas tenham sido desenvolvidas conceitualmente e encontrem-se apenas implícitas. Tal situação conferiu à Homeopatia a denominação de racionalidade médica híbrida. Este estudo parte do pressuposto que a Homeopatia é um sistema médico ainda em construção e que deve caminhar para o desenvolvimento conceitual de suas dimensões tendo como elemento norteador sua natureza vitalista. Portanto, espera-se que, ao resgatar-se a história do sistema de Pontos de Weihe, crie-se a possibilidade de repensar a morfologia homeopática, de forma que, ela possa expressar o movimento da força vital na saúde e no adoecimento. Espera-se, também, que, ao revelar uma colaboração possível da Medicina Chinesa, racionalidade médica que compartilha com a Homeopatia o paradigma vitalista, abra-se a possibilidade de repensar a base conceitual da dinâmica vital homeopática. Buscar uma sistematização da dinâmica vital, ao mesmo tempo, compatível com o paradigma vitalista e agregadora dos elementos centrais do pensamento homeopático é passo importante no desenvolvimento desta racionalidade, pois, permite que se parta de um mesmo esquema conceitual, e portanto, de uma mesma base paradigmática, em direção a criação de outros sistemas diagnósticos que concorram com o diagnóstico medicamentoso e o confirmem. Utilizou-se, como fontes primárias e secundárias para a construção da trajetória dos Pontos de Weihe, artigos e livros de Weihe e seus discípulos que, sofreram uma tradução livre do idioma original, o alemão, para o português. O substrato conceitual empregado foram as reflexões de George Canguilhem a respeito da história que se desvia dos obstáculos que impedem sua linearidade, comprometendo a compreensão das descobertas científicas como determinadas por suas condições de aparecimento, transfigurando-as no aparecimento puro daquilo que deveria ser.