Iowa Civil Rights Commission Annual Reports FY 2009

ICRC works to promote safe, just, and inclusive communities. Safe and inclusive communities are free from discrimination and free from loss of dignity and humanity. Civil rights enforcement helps ensure society receives full benefits of a diverse and inclusive workforce and reduces economic losses from discrimination. To prevent problems and provide a more welcoming economic climate, our agency educates business and industry on civil rights laws and diversity concerns.

SPOC Collective Bargaining Agreement 2007-2009, July 2007

This Agreement made and entered into this 1st day of July 2007 at Des Moines, Iowa, pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 20 of the Iowa Code, by and between the State of Iowa (hereinafter referred to as the Employer) and the State Police Officers Council, and its appropriate affiliated sub-organizations (hereinafter referred to as the Council), as representatives of employees employed by the State of Iowa, as set forth specifically in the Recognition Clause.

AFSCME Collective Bargaining Agreement 2007-2009, July 2007

This Agreement made and entered into this 1st day of July 2007, at Des Moines, Iowa, pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 20 of the Code of Iowa, by and between the State of Iowa (hereinafter referred to as the Employer) and the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees, Iowa Public Employees Council 61, AFL-CIO (hereinafter referred to as the Union), and its appropriate affiliated locals, as representatives of employees employed by the State of Iowa, as set forth specifically in Appendix A.

Interbank liquidity crunch and the firm credit crunch: Evidence from the 2007-2009 crisis

We study the credit supply effects of the unexpected freeze of the Europeaninterbank market, using exhaustive Portuguese loan-level data. We find thatbanks that rely more on interbank borrowing before the crisis decrease theircredit supply more during the crisis. The credit supply reduction is stronger forfirms that are smaller, with weaker banking relationships. Small firms cannotcompensate the credit crunch with other sources of debt. Furthermore, theimpact of illiquidity on the credit crunch is stronger for less solvent banks.Finally, there are no overall positive effects of central bank liquidity, but higherhoarding of liquidity.

Iowa Budget Report, Building on our Progress: Protecting our Priorities, 2009

*********** Some files are large and will take time to load. *********** Seven Files: 1)Report Cover, 2)Table of Contents, 3)Statewide Financial Summaries, 4)Department Budgets, 5)Capitol Projects, 6)Associated Financial Documents, 7)Budget Report. To Members of the 82nd General Assembly, As we begin the second year of our Administration, we are pleased to submit the Fiscal Year 2009 budget for the State of Iowa pursuant to Iowa Code Section 8.21 and our constitutional authority. This budget recognizes the progress that we began last year with improvements in education, economic development, energy independence, and health care; provides funding for new policy initiatives in these areas; and is based on fiscally sound budget practices. Building on last year’s accomplishments, our Fiscal Year 2009 General Fund budget proposes an additional $75 million for increasing teachers’ salaries as part of our goal to move Iowa closer to the national average. We lay the foundation for student achievement by recommending $32.1 million for pre-school education, and we also propose $177.5 million in total for community colleges and $726.2 million in total for Regents universities. To make our State more energy independent, our General Fund budget appropriates the second-year funding of $25 million for the new Iowa Power Fund. The newly established Office of Energy Independence will soon start making awards from the Power Fund. Apart from the budget, we will be making several proposals to implement the new State energy plan. We have pledged to expand the number of Iowans who have health-care coverage. As a result, we are recommending additional funding for enrollment growth in the State Children Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). These additional funds will help the State provide coverage for another 25 percent of children who are eligible but not yet enrolled in hawk-i and the Iowa Medicaid Program. To protect the safety of Iowans, we are recommending issuance of revenue bonds for approximately $260 million in net proceeds to build a new state penitentiary in Ft. Madison, renovate and expand the Women’s Correctional Institution at Mitchellville, upgrade kitchen facilities at the Rockwell City and Mt. Pleasant Correctional Institutions, and expand Community-Based Correctional Facilities in Ottumwa, Sioux City, Waterloo, and Des Moines. Additionally, we are including funding for developing a prototype program for providing parolees and low-risk offenders with mental health and drug abuse treatment and educational services to help them make a crime-free re-entry into our communities. As part of this Capitals Budget, we also propose using $20 million for the State’s matching share for building new facilities at the Iowa Veterans Home. Iowa Budget Report iv Fiscal Year 2009 Importantly, our budget continues to fully fund our State’s Reserve Funds to help buffer Iowa from any future economic downturn. We recommend reimbursing $78.2 million to the Property Tax Credit Fund as part of our multi-year proposal to correct bad budgeting practices and eventually restore $160.0 million to this Fund. To provide more transparency, we are transferring operational expenditures in the Rebuild Iowa Infrastructure Fund to the General Fund and expenditures from the Endowment for Healthy Iowans and Healthy Iowans Tobacco Trust Funds to the General Fund. We believe that Iowa has charted a new course of becoming energy independent, providing quality pre-school education, recognizing the importance of our teachers, and providing greater health coverage for children. Our Fiscal Year 2009 budget and policy priorities reflect our continuing faith in Iowa’s ability to be the best state in the nation. We look forward to working with you in a bi-partisan and all-inclusive manner to build on our progress and protect our priorities. Sincerely, Chester J. Culver Governor Patty Judge Lt. Governor

Políticas de Comunicação e Liberdade de Imprensa: Análise da Situação Cabo-Verdiana entre 1991 e 2009

Depois de 1991, as políticas de comunicação desenvolvidas em Cabo Verde estiveram assentes numa contrariedade entre os planos do discurso e os planos da acção: se a nível discursivo, a liberdade de imprensa foi encarada como o pilar das opções do regime, a nível das práticas da governação um conjunto de acções e inacções dificultaram a implementação de um ambiente de liberdade no seio dos profissionais da comunicação social. Desde logo, o processo de transição de regime empurrou os jornalistas e os actores políticos no poder para uma situação de colisão eminente, resultando numa acumulação de processos judiciais contra os profissionais da comunicação social; também, o monopólio público do sector da televisão, para além de provocar a desregulação do sector – com as autarquias a instalarem antenas parabólicas para satisfazer a população com conteúdos de canais internacionais –, dificultou o pluralismo de opinião, já que sobre a estação pública recaem críticas constantes que apontam para a intervenção dos governos na sua actuação; ainda, regista-se, entre 1991 e 2009, uma política de desinvestimento dos sucessivos governos no sector mediático, relegando-o para um plano secundário das opções de governação. Se, nos primeiros anos da democracia pluralista, houve um aumento significativo do investimento no sector da comunicação social, cedo verificou-se uma quebra do investimento, que não deu espaço aos media estatais para crescerem e contribuírem efectivamente na solidificação do sistema democrático. Na correlação das políticas de comunicação com a liberdade de imprensa, resultam duas fases no percurso de Cabo Verde: a) fase de insatisfação generalizada (sobretudo na década de 90), em que, a par da fraca qualidade dos produtos mediáticos disponibilizados aos cidadãos, os jornalistas e a classe política entraram em rota de colisão; a classe jornalística dividiu-se, passando a haver os considerados ‘jornalistas próximos do PAICV’ e ‘jornalistas próximos do MpD’ (devemos levar em consideração que o MpD e o PAICV são os dois únicos partidos políticos virtualmente ilegíveis na arena política caboverdiana). Assim, a conivência entre os profissionais da comunicação social e os actores políticos fez com que alguns jornalistas passassem a ser apelidados de ‘comissários políticos’; b) fase de satisfação conveniente ou precária: instalou-se depois dos períodos mais conturbados da transição política, sobretudo a partir do início do novo milénio, com a substituição do partido no poder e uma mudança de atitude dos governantes em relação às actividades da comunicação social. A mudança de regime levou a uma redefinição do posicionamento dos jornalistas face aos partidos políticos, passando a haver profissionais que trabalham mais alinhados com o governo e profissionais que trabalham mais alinhados com a oposição. Esta situação resultou de uma má concepção de democracia instalada em Cabo Verde em que os partidos políticos figuram como as únicas entidades que gozam efectivamente de uma liberdade de actuação. Associado aos partidos políticos, encontramos uma concentração de poderes: o poder político (através do escrutínio público), o poder económico (grande parte dos empresários cabo-verdianos nasceram no seio dos partidos políticos que estiveram no governo, o que faz com que haja uma certa politização da vida económica do país), o poder cultural (a maior parte dos intelectuais está associada aos partidos políticos que, quando estão no governo, subsidiam os seus projectos e a sua aspiração de realização pessoal e profissional) e o poder de influência social (quase todos os órgãos de comunicação social nacionais estão conotados com os partidos políticos e a fraca liquidez do mercado publicitário faz com que não haja empresas auto-sustentáveis no sector mediático). Todos esses condicionalismos sociológicos acabam por dificultar a implementação de um ambiente de liberdade no seio da comunicação social cabo-verdiana. Apesar de, hodiernamente não haver uma insatisfação generalizada como na década de 90, a aparente normalidade que se regista na relação entre a classe política e os jornalistas é assegurada por uma informação que evita provocar incómodo nos partidos aos quais os órgãos de comunicação social se encontram associados ou com os quais são conotados. Desta forma, a auto-censura torna-se num mecanismo inibidor da liberdade de imprensa. Assim, encontra-se um jornalismo que, por um lado, procura ser incisivo para o partido encarado como oposição e, por outro lado, é cómodo, domesticado e amorfo para o partido ao qual o órgão de comunicação social em causa se encontra vinculado. Neste caso, não sobram condições para falar-se na isenção das práticas jornalísticas, nem no rigor das mensagens que são difundidas no seio da sociedade. Notamos que as políticas de comunicação adoptadas em Cabo Verde, depois de 1991, não provocaram uma revolução nas práticas jornalísticas. Se antes, os jornalistas eram considerados de ‘comissários políticos’ por se entender que estavam vinculados ao Partido Único, depois da abertura de regime registou-se uma divisão da classe jornalística entre os dois partidos políticos com mais expressão na sociedade cabo-verdiana. Assim, a concepção jurídica da liberdade de imprensa revestiuse de uma formalidade que não encontrou correspondência nas práticas do dia-a-dia dos jornalistas e, desta forma, perdura uma distância entre a concepção jurídico-formal e a concepção jurídico-material da liberdade de imprensa. Muito caminho preciso de ser feito nesta matéria para que a comunicação social possa vir a ser a voz da sociedade

Classification of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009

Different types of cell death are often defined by morphological criteria, without a clear reference to precise biochemical mechanisms. The Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposes unified criteria for the definition of cell death and of its different morphologies, while formulating several caveats against the misuse of words and concepts that slow down progress in the area of cell death research. Authors, reviewers and editors of scientific periodicals are invited to abandon expressions like 'percentage apoptosis' and to replace them with more accurate descriptions of the biochemical and cellular parameters that are actually measured. Moreover, at the present stage, it should be accepted that caspase-independent mechanisms can cooperate with (or substitute for) caspases in the execution of lethal signaling pathways and that 'autophagic cell death' is a type of cell death occurring together with (but not necessarily by) autophagic vacuolization. This study details the 2009 recommendations of the NCCD on the use of cell death-related terminology including 'entosis', 'mitotic catastrophe', 'necrosis', 'necroptosis' and 'pyroptosis'.

2009-2013 Iowa Transportation Improvement Program

The Iowa Transportation Improvement Program (Program) is published to inform Iowans of planned investments in our state's transportation system. The Iowa Transportation Commission (Commission) and Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) are committed to programming those investments in a fiscally responsible manner. Iowa's transportation system is multi-modal; therefore, the Program encompasses investments in aviation, transit, railroads, trails, and highways. A major component of the Program is the highway section. The FY2009-2013 highway section is financially balanced and was developed to achieve several objectives. The Commission's primary highway investment objective is the safety, maintenance and preservation of Iowa's existing highway system. The Commission has allocated an annual average of $321 million to achieve this objective. This includes $185 million in 2009 and $170 million annually in years 2010-2013 for preserving the interstate system. It includes $114 million in 2009, $100 million in 2010 and $90 million annually in years 2011-2013 for non-interstate pavement preservation. It includes $38 million annually in 2009 and 2010, and $35 million annually in years 2011-2013 for non-interstate bridges. In addition, $15 million annually is allocated for safety projects. However, due to increasing construction costs, flattened revenues and overall highway systems needs, the Commission acknowledges that insufficient funds are being invested in the maintenance and preservation of the existing highway system. Another objective involves investing in projects that have received funding from the federal transportation act and/or subsequent federal transportation appropriation acts. In particular, funding is being used where it will complete a project, corridor or useable segment of a larger project. As an investment goal, the Commission also wishes to advance highway projects that address the state's highway capacity and economic development needs. Projects that address these needs and were included for completion in the previous program have been advanced into this year's Program to maintain their scheduled completion. This program also includes a small number of other projects that generally either represent a final phase of a partially programmed project or an additional segment of a partially completed corridor. The TIME-21 bill, Senate File 2420, signed by Governor Chet Culver on April 22, provides additional funding to cities, counties and the Iowa DOT for road improvements. This will result in additional revenue to the Primary Road Fund beginning in the second half of FY2009 and gradually increase over time. The additional funding will be included in future highway programming objectives and proposals and is not reflected in this highway program. The Iowa DOT and Commission appreciate the public's involvement in the state's transportation planning process. Comments received personally, by letter, or through participation in the Commission's regular meetings or public input meetings held around the state each year are invaluable in providing guidance for the future of Iowa's transportation system. It should be noted that this document is a planning guide. It does not represent a binding commitment or obligation of the Commission or Iowa DOT, and is subject to change. You are invited to visit the Iowa DOT's Web site at iowadot.gov for additional and regular updates about the department's programs and activities.