Desulfovibrio gigas ferredoxin II: redox structural modulation of the [3Fe–4S] cluster

J Biol Inorg Chem (2006) 11: 307–315 DOI 10.1007/s00775-005-0077-2

Novas estratégias no combate à tuberculose: a NADH-MENAQUINONA desidrogenase do tipo II de Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Microbiologia Médica

A construção da figura da INANNA/IŠTAR na Mesopotâmia: IV-II milénios a.C.

A divindade sumero-acádica Inanna/Ištar afirma-se como uma das mais importantes figuras divinas do universo religioso mesopotâmico, tendo sido alvo de um trabalho constante por parte da historiografia moderna. O seu lugar de destaque é confirmado pela sua constante presença como protagonista nas composições mitopoéticas, assim como pela transversalidade do seu culto, atestado desde a segunda metade do IV milénio a.C. O seu carácter sincrético conheceu um primeiro e vinculativo momento, quando a deusa suméria Inanna se fundiu com a deusa semita Ištar. A partilha da mesma identidade astral, Vénus, permitiu que as características das duas divindades se misturassem, definindo o quadro comportamental arquetípico que encontramos na literatura, nos cultos e na iconografia, tanto em termos diacrónicos como sincrónicos. O presente trabalho tem como grande objectivo reavaliar o processo construtivo desta divindade, tentando descortinar os contributos de uma e outra matriz, cujo encontro se deu ainda durante o IV milénio a.C. Produto divino de uma civilização híbrida, Inanna/Ištar desenvolveu a sua múltipla personalidade, ao mesmo tempo que a Mesopotâmia procurava acomodar as tradições sumérias e semitas, numa articulação do binómio múltiplo/uno ímpar. O exame cruzado dos dados onde a deusa figura, desde os primórdios do seu culto, até aos primeiros séculos do II milénio a.C., época em que a literatura mesopotâmica conheceu a sua fase de ouro, permite-nos evidenciar a sua esfera de acção globalizante, que encontra o seu fio condutor nas relações de poder. Por outro lado, torna-se possível descortinar as suas origens, assim como sincretismos e dissociações divinas, prévias ao advento político de Sargão, que cristalizou a simbiose civilizacional e, como tal, religiosa, da Mesopotâmia, ao efectivar a primeira unificação do território compreendido entre os rios Tigre e Eufrates. Com esta tese pretendemos ainda conciliar expressões religiosas de tempos diferentes, centradas na figura de Inanna/Ištar, contrariando a tendência tradicional de confinar o comportamento e pensamento religiosos do homem mesopotâmico, numa moldura cronológica, definida por balizas políticas. A nossa intenção prende-se, sobretudo, com a identificação do grau de transformações que a identidade da deusa terá sofrido, a partir do entendimento que a mesma encontra a sua origem e, simultaneamente, reflecte-se na mentalidade dos mesopotâmios, cujo norte se encontra numa lógica de mudança em continuidade. Seguindo linhas historiográficas recentes, a nossa proposta afigura-se como um novo olhar sobre o desenvolvimento de uma das divindades mesopotâmicas mais marcante, cujos ecos ressoaram pelos quatro quadrantes da Antiguidade do Médio Oriente.

Contribuição para o conhecimento dos parasitos de peixes do litoral do Estado da Guanabara - parte II

Neste presente trabalho os autores criam uma nova espécie para o subgênero Plagioporus (Plagioporus) Stafford, 1904, P. (P.) dollfusi sp. n. fica no grupo "b" da distribuição de travassos & cols. (1966), mais se aproximando de P. (P.) multilobatus Travassos & cols. 1966, distinguindo-se principalmente por possuir o limite anterior dos vitelinos na zona acetabular, poro genital bifurcal, bolsa do cirro alcançando a zona acetabular e ovos menores. Apresentam como novas ocorrências Enenterum pimelopteri Nagaty 1942 e Pseudopecoelus priacanthi (Mac Callum, 1921) manter, 1947. Apresentam ainda Garrupa sp. como novo hospedeiro de Pseudopecoelus priacanthi. Referem a presença de Hysterolecitha elongata manter, 1931, Bucephalus varicus manter, 1940, Metadena spectanda travassos, Freitas & Bührnheim, 1967 e uma fêmea jovem de Echinorhynchideae Southwell & Macfie, 1925 (Acanthocephala).

RADIC II: a fault tolerant architecture with flexible dynamic redundancy

The demand for computational power has been leading the improvement of the High Performance Computing (HPC) area, generally represented by the use of distributed systems like clusters of computers running parallel applications. In this area, fault tolerance plays an important role in order to provide high availability isolating the application from the faults effects. Performance and availability form an undissociable binomial for some kind of applications. Therefore, the fault tolerant solutions must take into consideration these two constraints when it has been designed. In this dissertation, we present a few side-effects that some fault tolerant solutions may presents when recovering a failed process. These effects may causes degradation of the system, affecting mainly the overall performance and availability. We introduce RADIC-II, a fault tolerant architecture for message passing based on RADIC (Redundant Array of Distributed Independent Fault Tolerance Controllers) architecture. RADIC-II keeps as maximum as possible the RADIC features of transparency, decentralization, flexibility and scalability, incorporating a flexible dynamic redundancy feature, allowing to mitigate or to avoid some recovery side-effects.

La Inversión francesa en la canalización del Ebro: de la navegación al riego (1848-1904)

La Real Compañía de Canalización del Ebro, sociedad anónima constituida en 1852 con un capital nominal de 31,5 millones de pesetas, que tenía como objetivo fundamental abrir el Ebro a la navegación a vapor en base a un proyecto técnico elaborado por ingenieros franceses, tuvo que recurrir a inversores europeos para levantar su capital. Se trataría, pues, de una empresa equiparable en muchos aspectos –inversión en comunicaciones, elevado capital, dependencia de técnicos e inversores europeos– a las grandes compañías ferroviarias constituidas en España a mediados del siglo XIX. El fracaso en la navegación reorientó su actividad hacia el riego, siendo la empresa encargada de construir y explotar hasta 1966 estas infraestructuras en el Delta del Ebro. En este texto, después de referirnos a los diferentes intentos de canalización del Ebro relacionados con la navegación hasta mediados de siglo XIX, analizaremos los motivos de su evolución y la diferente actitud mantenida ante las oportunidades de negocio por los dos grandes sectores de accionistas, el capital catalán y el capital francés, hasta la salida de este último ocurrida entre 1878 y 1904. Asimismo, intentaremos mostrar como el ritmo de la inversión en la canalización se ajusta al de la inversión francesa en España, que iniciada en el siglo XVIII, se paraliza con la crisis del Antiguo Régimen, se intensifica a partir de la década de 1840 orientándose mayoritariamente hacia los sectores ferroviario y minero, e inicia un cierto repliegue a partir de la última década del siglo XIX.

Trypanosoma cruzi: inhibition of alpha-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase isozyme II by N-allyl and N-propyl oxamates and their effects on intact epimastigotes

N-allyl (NAOx) and N-propyl (NPOx) oxamates were designed as inhibitors of alpha-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (HADH) isozyme II from Trypanosoma cruzi. The kinetic studies showed that NAOx and NPOx were competitive inhibitors of HADH-isozyme II (Ki = 72 µM, IC50 = 0.33 mM and 70 µM, IC50 = 0.32 mM, respectively). The attachment of the allylic and propylic chains to nitrogen of the competitive inhibitor oxamate (Ki = 0.91 mM, IC50 = 4.25 mM), increased 12.6 and 13-folds respectively, the affinity for T. cruzi HADH-isozyme II. NAOx and NPOx were selective inhibitors of HADH-isozyme II, because other T. cruzi dehydrogenases were not inhibited by these substances. Since HADH-isozyme II participates in the energy metabolism of T. cruzi, a trypanocidal effect can be expected with these inhibitors. However, we were not able to detect any trypanocidal activity with these oxamates. When the corresponding ethyl esters of N-allyl (Et-NAOx) and N-propyl (Et-NPOx) oxamates were tested as a possible trypanocidal prodrugs, in comparison with nifurtimox and benznidazole, the expected trypanocidal effects were obtained.

La transición en la sociedad red en Catalunya. Informe final de investigación (volumen II)

Aquest estudi analitza les pràctiques diàries, els valors socials i les actituds de la població catalana en el procés de transició cap a la societat xarxa. Analitza el comportament de les persones a Internet i fora d'Internet, investigant el paper específic dels usos d'Internet a l'hora d'influenciar pràctiques i actituds. Es basa en les respostes a una enquesta de 3.005 individus, una mostra representativa de la població catalana el 2002. L'enquesta es va fer entre el febrer i el maig del 2002, i es basava en entrevistes cara a cara a partir d'un qüestionari de 179 preguntes. Es van utilitzar fonts secundàries per a situar els resultats catalans, particularment sobre els usos d'Internet, en el context global. L'anàlisi es va completar el 2007 incorporant-hi noves dades secundàries. L'estudi va cobrir pràctiques socials de treball, comunicació, sociabilitat, usos d'espai i temps, usos d'Internet, identitat cultural, pràctica política, associacionisme i formació de projectes d'autonomia. Es van construir diversos models estadístics per a proporcionar una anàlisi causal de cada una d'aquestes àrees d'estudi. El descobriment més significatiu fa referència a la relació entre els usos d'Internet i la construcció d'autonomia per part d'actors socials. Fent servir anàlisis factorial, l'estudi va definir cinc índexs d'autonomia que eren estadísticament independents: autonomia personal, autonomia professional, autonomia comunicativa, autonomia corporal i autonomia sociopolítica. Cada un d'aquests índexs d'autonomia independents estan fortament associats amb la freqüència i la intensitat de l'ús d'Internet, i les relacions observades es mantenen quan es controlen per variables sociodemogràfiques. A partir d'aquest estudi es pot afirmar que Internet és una plataforma important per a la construcció d'autonomia en la societat xarxa. En general, la societat catalana sembla que canviï de manera similar a altres societats en transició, amb l'èmfasi afegit del paper del territori i la família a l'hora d'enfortir les relacions socials, amb la contribució positiva d'Internet a un dens patró d'interacció social.

La transició a la societat xarxa a Catalunya. Informe final de recerca (volum II)

Aquest estudi analitza les pràctiques diàries, els valors socials i les actituds de la població catalana en el procés de transició cap a la societat xarxa. Analitza el comportament de les persones a Internet i fora d'Internet, investigant el paper específic dels usos d'Internet a l'hora d'influenciar pràctiques i actituds. Es basa en les respostes a una enquesta de 3.005 individus, una mostra representativa de la població catalana el 2002. L'enquesta es va fer entre el febrer i el maig del 2002, i es basava en entrevistes cara a cara a partir d'un qüestionari de 179 preguntes. Es van utilitzar fonts secundàries per a situar els resultats catalans, particularment sobre els usos d'Internet, en el context global. L'anàlisi es va completar el 2007 incorporant-hi noves dades secundàries. L'estudi va cobrir pràctiques socials de treball, comunicació, sociabilitat, usos d'espai i temps, usos d'Internet, identitat cultural, pràctica política, associacionisme i formació de projectes d'autonomia. Es van construir diversos models estadístics per a proporcionar una anàlisi causal de cada una d'aquestes àrees d'estudi. El descobriment més significatiu fa referència a la relació entre els usos d'Internet i la construcció d'autonomia per part d'actors socials. Fent servir anàlisis factorial, l'estudi va definir cinc índexs d'autonomia que eren estadísticament independents: autonomia personal, autonomia professional, autonomia comunicativa, autonomia corporal i autonomia sociopolítica. Cada un d'aquests índexs d'autonomia independents estan fortament associats amb la freqüència i la intensitat de l'ús d'Internet, i les relacions observades es mantenen quan es controlen per variables sociodemogràfiques. A partir d'aquest estudi es pot afirmar que Internet és una plataforma important per a la construcció d'autonomia en la societat xarxa. En general, la societat catalana sembla que canviï de manera similar a altres societats en transició, amb l'èmfasi afegit del paper del territori i la família a l'hora d'enfortir les relacions socials, amb la contribució positiva d'Internet a un dens patró d'interacció social.

L'organització territorial de la Regió II

Aquest article presenta les pautes espacials en l'àmbit de la Regió II arran de l'elaboració de l’ estudi sobre l'estructura territorial del Bisbat de Girona realitzat per la Unitat Geogràfica de la Universitat de Girona

A nutritional intervention study with hydrolyzed collagen in pre-pubertal Spanish children: influence on bone modeling biomarkers

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of dietary intake of commercial hydrolyzed collagen (Gelatine Royal ®) on bone remodeling in pre-pubertal children. Methods: A randomized double-blind study was carried out in 60 children (9.42 ± 1.31 years) divided into three groups according to the amount of partially hydrolyzed collagen taken daily for 4 months: placebo (G-I, n = 18), collagen (G-II, n = 20) and collagen + calcium (G-III, n = 22) groups. Analyses of the following biochemical markers were carried out: total and bone alkaline phosphatase (tALP and bALP), osteocalcin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), type I collagen carboxy terminal telopeptide, lipids, calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxin and intact parathormone. Results: There was a significantly greater increase in serum IGF-1 in G-III than in G II (p < 0.01) or G-I (p < 0.05) during the study period, and a significantly greater increase in plasma tALP in G-III than in G-I (p < 0.05). Serum bALP behavior significantly (p < 0.05) differed between G-II (increase) and G-I (decrease). Plasma TRAP behavior significantly differed between G-II and G-I (p < 0.01) and between G-III and G-II (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Daily dietary intake of hydrolyzed collagen seems to have a potential role in enhancing bone remodeling at key stages of growth and development.

Use of palliative radiotherapy in brain and bone metastases (VARA II study).

INTRODUCTION Metastases are detected in 20% of patients with solid tumours at diagnosis and a further 30% after diagnosis. Radiation therapy (RT) has proven effective in bone (BM) and brain (BrM) metastases. The objective of this study was to analyze the variability of RT utilization rates in clinical practice and the accessibility to medical technology in our region. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the clinical records and RT treatment sheets of all patients undergoing RT for BM and/or BrM during 2007 in the 12 public hospitals in an autonomous region of Spain. Data were gathered on hospital type, patient type and RT treatment characteristics. Calculation of the rate of RT use was based on the cancer incidence and the number of RT treatments for BM, BrM and all cancer sites. RESULTS Out of the 9319 patients undergoing RT during 2007 for cancer at any site, 1242 (13.3%; inter-hospital range, 26.3%) received RT for BM (n = 744) or BrM (n = 498). These 1242 patients represented 79% of all RT treatments with palliative intent, and the most frequent primary tumours were in lung, breast, prostate or digestive system. No significant difference between BM and BrM groups were observed in: mean age (62 vs. 59 yrs, respectively); gender (approximately 64% male and 36% female in both); performance status (ECOG 0-1 in 70 vs. 71%); or mean distance from hospital (36 vs. 28.6 km) or time from consultation to RT treatment (13 vs. 14.3 days). RT regimens differed among hospitals and between patient groups: 10 × 300 cGy, 5 × 400 cGy and 1x800cGy were applied in 32, 27 and 25%, respectively, of BM patients, whereas 10 × 300cGy was used in 49% of BrM patients. CONCLUSIONS Palliative RT use in BM and BrM is high and close to the expected rate, unlike the global rate of RT application for all cancers in our setting. Differences in RT schedules among hospitals may reflect variability in clinical practice among the medical teams.

Prescripción enfermera en el entorno de las urgencias y emergencias. Marco conceptual vs entorno legislado en España

The prescription, widely discussed and defined conceptually in recent years in an environment of widening the spectrum of responsibilities nurse, has capacity for integration and definition in the area of accident and emergency care and carried out over the patient urgently, about emergencies and life-long commitment. Be necessary to frame throughout the legal framework, following the amendment of the Twelfth Additional Provision of Law 29/2006 of guarantees and rational use of drugs and medical devices, can be waived and implementation required, provided under model and through the nursing process and method and as an exponent and endorsementn of science and advanced clinical practice, to join the idea of interdisciplinary professional consensus that the law posed by the preparation and implementation of standardized protocols, algorithms and / or clinical practice guidelines in the context of what has come to be called "collaborative standard prescription": Prescription to the nurse in certain clinical situations in terms of a performance protocol, agreed with multidisciplinary team care health of the population (Group Protocols), which can be considered an intermediate step in the evolution towards independent nurse prescribing, providing nurses experience of a prescription under these protocols and demonstrating their capabilities.

HLA Alleles Influence the Clinical Signature of Amoxicillin-Clavulanate Hepatotoxicity.

BACKGROUND AND AIM The genotype-phenotype interaction in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a subject of growing interest. Previous studies have linked amoxicillin-clavulanate (AC) hepatotoxicity susceptibility to specific HLA alleles. In this study we aimed to examine potential associations between HLA class I and II alleles and AC DILI with regards to phenotypic characteristics, severity and time to onset in Spanish AC hepatotoxicity cases. METHODS High resolution genotyping of HLA loci A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 was performed in 75 AC DILI cases and 885 controls. RESULTS The distributions of class I alleles A*3002 (P/Pc = 2.6E-6/5E-5, OR 6.7) and B*1801 (P/Pc = 0.008/0.22, OR 2.9) were more frequently found in hepatocellular injury cases compared to controls. In addition, the presence of the class II allele combination DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 (P/Pc = 5.1E-4/0.014, OR 3.0) was significantly increased in cholestatic/mixed cases. The A*3002 and/or B*1801 carriers were found to be younger (54 vs 65 years, P = 0.019) and were more frequently hospitalized than the DRB1*1501-DQB1*0602 carriers. No additional alleles outside those associated with liver injury patterns were found to affect potential severity as measured by Hy's Law criteria. The phenotype frequencies of B*1801 (P/Pc = 0.015/0.42, OR 5.2) and DRB1*0301-DQB1*0201 (P/Pc = 0.0026/0.07, OR 15) were increased in AC DILI cases with delayed onset compared to those corresponding to patients without delayed onset, while the opposite applied to DRB1*1302-DQB1*0604 (P/Pc = 0.005/0.13, OR 0.07). CONCLUSIONS HLA class I and II alleles influence the AC DILI signature with regards to phenotypic expression, latency presentation and severity in Spanish patients.