966 resultados para GSD-Ia
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Consumer relations, established between the Consumer and the Creditor, which carry a consequent inequality of contractual positioning between the parties, have been pushing the legislator to adopt more rigid regulations with regard to lending for the purchase of goods or services of consum issues. In this sense, the Decree-Law 359/91 was approved, meanwhile repealed by the Decree-Law 133/2009, which regulates the consumer credit agreement’s regime in the portuguese legal system. Through this contract, the financier makes available to the consumer a certain amount of money, which the consumer must repay, plus the respective remuneration (interest) and other charges, according to a refund plan agreed by the parties. The consumer will be in delay if he breaches this stipulation. In case of default, the creditor, notwithstanding, can choose to wait for the performance by the debtor, promote the loss of benefit of the term or the termination of the contract. From the outset it would seem that, in one way or another, the financier, by imposing a forced shortening of the contract duration initially agreed, will lose the right to remuneration for the provision of capital agreed, but not verified. Nevertheless, unlike presently, the previous regime allowed the parties to rule otherwise, being permitted to agree to the payment of interest of outstanding installments. On the other hand, in the consumer credit contract the principle of freedom of contractual provision of the parties is strongly mitigated by the special legislation, which prevents the waiver of rights by the consumer, and by the regime of general contractual terms, which restricts the freedom of the financier to stipulate the contractual content freely and the freedom of the consumer to negotiate. For all these reasons, associated with the growing need of credit resource to satisfy their needs of consumption, it is confirm the relevance of legislative intervention on consumers protection in the context of hiring credit.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze surgical and pathological parameters and outcome and prognostic factors of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were admitted to a single institution, as well as to correlate these findings to the current staging system. METHOD: Seven hundred and thirty seven patients were diagnosed with NSCLC and admitted to Hospital do Cancer A. C. Camargo from 1990 to 2000. All patients were included in a continuous prospective database, and their data was analyzed. Following staging, a multidisciplinary team decision on adequate management was established. Variables included in this analysis were age, gender, histology, Karnofsky index, weight loss, clinical stage, surgical stage, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and survival rates. RESULTS: 75.5% of patients were males. The distribution of histologic type was squamous cell carcinoma 51.8%, adenocarcinoma 43.1%, and undifferentiated large cell carcinoma 5.1%. Most patients (73%) presented significant weight loss and a Karnofsky index of 80%. Clinical staging was IA 3.8%, IB 9.2%, IIA 1.4%, IIB 8.1%, IIIA 20.9%, IIIB 22.4%, IV 30.9%. Complete tumor resection was performed in 24.6% of all patients. Surgical stage distribution was IA 25.3%, IB 1.4%, IIB 17.1%, IIIA 16.1%, IIIB 20.3%, IV 11.5%. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were considered therapeutic options in 43% and 72%, respectively. The overall 5-year survival rate of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients in our study was 28%. Median survival was 18.9 months. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with NSCLC who were admitted to our institution presented with histopathologic and clinical characteristics that were similar to previously published series in cancer hospitals. The best prognosis was associated with complete tumor resection with lymph node dissection, which is only achievable in earlier clinical stages.
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Patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome present alterations in their cellular and humoral immune reactions that predispose them to the development of infectious processes. PURPOSE: To characterize the infectious processes in patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety-two children and adolescents with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome were assessed retrospectively. The types of infection were grouped as follows: upper respiratory tract infections; pneumonia; skin infections; peritonitis; diarrhea; urinary tract infection ; herpes virus; and others. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I (steroid-responsive) n = 75, with 4 subgroups-IA (single episode) n = 10, IB (infrequent relapsers) n = 5, IC (frequent relapsers) n = 14, and ID (steroid-dependent) n = 46; and Group II (steroid-resistant) n = 17. The incidence-density of infection among the patients was assessed throughout the follow-up period. Comparisons for each group and subgroup were done during the periods of negative and nephrotic proteinuria. RESULTS: The analysis revealed a greater incidence-density of infections during the period of nephrotic proteinuria in all the groups and subgroups, with the exception of subgroup IA. During the period of nephrotic proteinuria, subgroups IC, ID, and Group II presented a greater incidence-density of infections as compared to subgroup IA. For the period of negative proteinuria, there was no difference in the incidence-density of infections between the groups and subgroups. Upper respiratory tract infections were the most frequent infectious processes. CONCLUSION: The nephrotic condition, whether as part of a course of frequent relapses, steroid dependence, or steroid resistance, conferred greater susceptibility to infection among the patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. The results of this study suggest that the best preventive action against infection in this disease is to control the nephrotic state.
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The present Work Project (WP) is the result of Sonae’s concern with fraud risk, seeking to implement a method that formally describes and evaluates it in its various forms. In a context of limited human, capital, time and tools’ resources, the Internal Audit (IA) department of the company developed a framework to raise the awareness of top management and identify which processes of its value chain present a higher level of exposure to fraud, with the purpose of redirecting attention to those and prioritizing the creation of new mechanisms to monitor its KPIs’ dynamics.
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O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar o destino de duas formas de fertilizantes nitrogenados enriquecidos com 15N em um latossolo amarelo da Amazônia Central, cultivado com feijão caupi (Vigna unguiculata L.). A aplicação de 30 kg/ha de Ν não mostrou efeito significativo na produção. O balanço do nitrogênio aplicado no final do período da cultura mostrou que a remoção do Ν dos fertilizantes pelos grãos foi, respectivamente, 23 e 25%, com aplicação de sulfato de amônio e uréia; 35% do Ν do sulfato de amônio e 39% da uréia, permaneceram no solo na camada de 0-30 cm. As perdas variaram de 36 a 42% para uréia e sulfato de amônio, respectivamente. Aproximadamente 15% do Ν dos fertilizantes, foi determinado nos horizontes mais profundos, indicando que as perdas de Ν nesse solo são provavelmente devidas à lixiviação e a outros processos não determinados neste trabalho.
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Adding fibres to concrete provides several advantages, especially in terms of controlling the crack opening width and propagation after the cracking onset. However, distribution and orientation of the fibres toward the active crack plane are significantly important in order to maximize its benefits. Therefore, in this study, the effect of the fibre distribution and orientation on the post-cracking tensile behaviour of the steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) specimens is investigated. For this purpose, several cores were extracted from distinct locations of a panel and were subjected to indirect (splitting) and direct tensile tests. The local stress-crack opening relationship (σ-w) was obtained by modelling the splitting tensile test under the finite element framework and by performing an Inverse Analysis (IA) procedure. Afterwards the σ-w law obtained from IA is then compared with the one ascertained directly from the uniaxial tensile tests. Finally, the fibre distribution/orientation parameters were determined adopting an image analysis technique.
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O presente estudo descreve a estrutura de tamanho e maturidade sexual das espécies de peixes que vivem associadas às raízes de macrófitas aquáticas durante o período de cheia. Foi o objetivo do trabalho demonstrar que este habitat funciona como um berçário e que a maior parte da sua fauna é composta por indivíduos jovens. Foram coletados 3910 indivíduos de 91 espécies de peixes, em quatro tipos de macrófitas aquáticas (Paspalum repens, Echynochloa polystachya, Eichhornia spp. e "mistura de capins em decomposição") em três lagos de várzea da Amazônia Central (Camaleão, Rei e Janauacá). A ictiofauna foi composta predominantemente por indivíduos menores que 7 cm. Indivíduos jovens formaram a maioria da assembléia (87%). Quarenta e uma espécies são explotadas pela frota pesqueira da região. Conclui-se que este habitat é um berçário importante e que deve ser conservado para manter o potencial dos recursos pesqueiros da Amazônia Central.
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Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico
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Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da Comunicação (Especialidade em Teoria da Cultura)
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A educação para a sexualidade nas escolas torna-se cada vez mais importante, pois os adolescentes constituem uma faixa etária muito vulnerável a comportamentos sexuais de risco, que podem vir a comprometer o seu projeto de vida futuro. O projeto de intervenção aqui apresentado tinha como principal objetivo contribuir para um aumento dos conhecimentos dos alunos, ao nível da educação para a sexualidade e, consequentemente, promover uma mudança de crenças, atitudes e comportamentos por parte dos mesmos, junto dos seus pares e familiares. Neste sentido, foi adotada a metodologia de investigação-ação (IA). Na fase de diagnóstico, o instrumento de recolha de dados predominantemente utilizado foi um questionário construído especificamente para o efeito, o qual foi aplicado a uma amostra de 114 alunos (38 raparigas; 76 rapazes) de 3.º CEB. O mesmo instrumento foi aplicado no final da intervenção - fase de avaliação. Nas respostas aos questionários iniciais, os alunos evidenciaram algum desconhecimento relativamente ao conceito de sexualidade, às causas e consequências da gravidez na adolescência e revelaram também a adoção de alguns comportamentos de risco. Para além do questionário, foi também aplicada aos alunos a técnica da caixa de perguntas. Perante as necessidades evidenciadas pelos alunos foi implementada uma formação, dedicando-se uma sessão de 45 minutos para cada tema: o que é a sexualidade; gravidez na adolescência; assédio sexual e violência na intimidade juvenil. Os resultados obtidos na fase de avaliação demonstraram que os alunos tinham adquirido um conceito de sexualidade mais correto, revelaram-se mais conscientes relativamente às causas e consequências da gravidez na adolescência, demonstraram estar mais informados sobre o assédio sexual, bem como sobre os cuidados a ter e revelaram algumas mudanças de crenças e opiniões relativamente a determinadas situações potencialmente abusivas nas relações de intimidade juvenil.
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PTX3-based genetic testing for risk of aspergillosis after lung transplant
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Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening fungal disease commonly diagnosed among individuals with immunological deficits, namely hematological patients undergoing chemotherapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Vaccines are not available, and despite the improved diagnosis and antifungal therapy, the treatment of IA is associated with a poor outcome. Importantly, the risk of infection and its clinical outcome vary significantly even among patients with similar predisposing clinical factors and microbiological exposure. Recent insights into antifungal immunity have further highlighted the complexity of host-fungus interactions and the multiple pathogen-sensing systems activated to control infection. How to decode this information into clinical practice remains however, a challenging issue in medical mycology. Here, we address recent advances in our understanding of the host-fungus interaction and discuss the application of this knowledge in potential strategies with the aim of moving toward personalized diagnostics and treatment (theranostics) in immunocompromised patients. Ultimately, the integration of individual traits into a clinically applicable process to predict the risk and progression of disease, and the efficacy of antifungal prophylaxis and therapy, holds the promise of a pioneering innovation benefiting patients at risk of IA.
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Eletrónica Industrial e Computadores
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(Excerto) Glosando Paul Virilio (2001: 135), podemos dizer que os ecrãs são ligações frias, que nos desligam do calor dos corpos. No ecrã não teríamos sensações humanas, mas apenas sensações fantasmadas, que não passariam de “simulacros”, para retomar a clássica expressão de Baudrillard (1978), ou que remeteriampara “o já sentido”, na lógica da tipificação feita em tempos por Mário Perniola (1993). E as emoções seriam apenas emoções “maquinadas” (Deleuze e Guattari, 1995), “artificiais” (Cruz, s/d), “puxadas à manivela” (Martins, 2002). Com efeito, espelhado como imagem num ecrã, o corpo digital dar-nos-ia a ver apenas a emanação delirante de um corpo já sem alma. E a cultura do ecrã constituiria a expressão de uma comunidade fria, uma comunidade sem o corpo do outro, embora alimentada pelos seus fantasmas, e também pelos fantasmas do nosso próprio corpo, numa ostensiva confirmação de que não existem práticas de rede sem narcisismo.
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(Excerto) La ricerca sociologica si colloca sempre in un hie et nunc e lo studio di cui parlen) nel mio intervento non sfugge a questa inconveniente. Come altri studi empirici sui rapporto tra giovani e media, questa lavoro e nato, innanzitutto, dagli interrogativi suscitati dai miei figli, quando erano ancora piccoli. Non posso escludere che quest' interesse sia una sorta di tentativo inconscio di placare Ia mia coscienza di fronte ai problemi che facevo fatica a risolvere ali'interno della mia famiglia. Permettetemi anche di soffermarmi brevemente sui mio paese, il Portogalla, e sulla sua realtii culturale e politica. Vorrei sottolineare che, in una prospettiva di lungo peri ado, alia maniera di Braude!, il mio ·paese ha ritrovato Ia democrazia moho recentemente, dopa mezzo secolo di oscurantismo e di repressione del pensiero e della partecipazione attiva dei cittadini alia vita sociale.