Mémoire de licence La réception du message donné dans Le Petit Prince : Une étude sur la réception et l’interprétation du message donné dans Le Petit Prince par Antoine de Saint-Exupéry chez l’adulte et l’enfant.

Le présent travail est une étude sur Le Petit Prince, d’Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. Le but principal du mémoire est d’analyser la réception du message chez le lecteur adulte et chez le lecteur enfant. Nous avons analysé comment l’enfant et l’adulte interprètent le message donné par l’oeuvre, parsemée d’images et d’allégories, des citations qui son devenues symboliques avec le temps. Ensuite, nous avons analysé les personnages dans le but d’interpréter leur sens symbolique. Pour réaliser cette recherche, nous avons regardé plusieurs interprétations allégoriques. Les résultats de notre étude nous ont permis d’affirmer que la réception du message n’est pas la même chez le lecteur adulte et le lecteur enfant. Les résultats de cette étude montrent enfin qu’il est trop difficile pour le lecteur enfant de comprendre le sens moral d’une image allégorique, tandis que le lecteur adulte est plus apte à interpréter l’image allégorique en s’appuyant sur son expérience de la lecture et de son expérience de la vie quotidienne. L’auteur utilise l’image symbolique dans la littérature pour montrer avec plus de clarté la condition humaine. En conclusion nous apprenons que Le Petit Prince nous fait réfléchir sur la vie de la façon plus profonde et philosophique.

ETUDE COMPARATIVE DE LA TRADUCTION EN SUEDOIS DE LOTTA RIAD, « ATLANTENS MAGE », AVEC LE TEXTE ORIGINAL : « LE VENTRE DE L’ATLANTIQUE » DE FATOU DIOME A LA LUMIÈRE DES PRINCIPES ÉNONCÉS PAR ANTOINE BERMAN

L’objectif de ce mémoire est de faire une étude comparative de la traduction suédoise Le Ventre de l’Atlantique par Lotta Riad avec le texte source à la lumière des douze tendances déformantes d’Antoine Berman. Nous nous efforçons également de présenter « notre traduction » illustrant la méthode bermanienne. Force est de constater, qu’elle n’est pas toujours réalisable, néanmoins, cette démarche permet une réflexion stimulant la clairvoyance.

Una tragedia por desafío : Térée et Philomele (1773) de Antoine Renou

Análisis de la versión dramática sobre el tema mítico de Filomela compuesta por el pintor y dramaturgo francés Antoine Renou, estrenada en París en 1773. Se estudia no solo la versión dramática propiamente dicha, y su lugar y relevancia en el contexto de la historia de la recepción de este mito, sino también las circunstancias en medio de las cuales se compuso, la reacción del público y el conflicto que enfrentó, antes y después de la puesta en escena, al dramaturgo y la Comédie Française.

Monseigneur Antoine Racine et les communautés de religieuses enseignantes dans le diocèse de Sherbrooke de 1874 à 1893

Le diocèse de Sherbrooke fut érigé par le Pape Pie IX. La bulle d'érection, datée de Rome le 28 août 1874, confirmait ainsi le voeu de l'épiscopat de la province ecclésiastique de Québec, émis au cinquième concile provincial du 23 mai 1873. Le nouveau diocèse comprenait un démembrement des diocèses de Québec, de St-Hyacinthe et des Trois-Rivières; Québec cédait trois cantons plus une paroisse; St-Hyacinthe, dix-huit cantons; et Trois-Rivières, vingt-quatre. Moins de la moitié de la population de ce territoire était catholique, soit seulement 30,255 sur une population totale de 68,283 habitants, d'après le recensement de 1870. Par une bulle romaine du premier septembre 1874, Antoine Racine, prêtre desservant de l'église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Québec, était nommé premier évêque du nouveau diocèse. L'évêque élu avait été prévenu quelques jours auparavant par une lettre de Rome. Consacré à Québec, le 18 octobre 1874, des mains de Mgr Elzéar Alexandre Taschereau, archevêque de Québec, Mgr Antoine Racine prit possession du siège de Sherbrooke le 20 du même mois. Pendant dix-neuf ans, soit jusqu'à sa mort survenue le 17 juillet 1893, l'évêque de Sherbrooke conduisit son diocèse avec prudence, le dotant d'institutions stables. Ses nécrologistes et ses biographes le considèrent comme un des principaux artisans de la pénétration catholique et française dans les Cantons de l'Est. […]

Effective pattern taxonomy mining in text documents

Many data mining techniques have been proposed for mining useful patterns in databases. However, how to effectively utilize discovered patterns is still an open research issue, especially in the domain of text mining. Most existing methods adopt term-based approaches. However, they all suffer from the problems of polysemy and synonymy. This paper presents an innovative technique, pattern taxonomy mining, to improve the effectiveness of using discovered patterns for finding useful information. Substantial experiments on RCV1 demonstrate that the proposed solution achieves encouraging performance.

Polydipsia : a feature of peritoneal dialysis

Background Some dialysis patients fail to comply with their fluid restriction causing problems due to volume overload. These patients sometimes blame excessive thirst. There has been little work in this area and no work documenting polydipsia among peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods We measured motivation to drink and fluid consumption in 46 haemodialysis patients (HD), 39 PD patients and 42 healthy controls (HC) using a modified palmtop computer to collect visual analogue scores at hourly intervals. Results Mean thirst scores were markedly depressed on the dialysis day (day 1) for HD (P<0.0001). The profile for day 2 was similar to that of HC. PD generated consistently higher scores than HD day 1 and HC (P = 0.01 vs. HC and P<0.0001 vs HD day 1). Reported mean daily water consumption was similar for HD and PD with both significantly less than HC (P<0.001 for both). However, measured fluid losses were similar for PD and HC whilst HD were lower (P<0.001 for both) suggesting that the PD group may have underestimated their fluid intake. Conclusion Our results indicate that HD causes a protracted period of reduced thirst but that the population's thirst perception is similar to HC on the interdialytic day despite a reduced fluid intake. In contrast, the PD group recorded high thirst scores throughout the day and were apparently less compliant with their fluid restriction. This is potentially important because the volume status of PD patients influences their survival.

Characterising the homeostatic and hedonic markers of the susceptible phenotype

Over the years, approaches to obesity prevention and treatment have gone from focusing on genetic and other biological factors to exploring a diversity of diets and individual behavior modification interventions anchored primarily in the power of the mind, to the recent shift focusing on societal interventions to design ";temptation-proof"; physical, social, and economic environments. In spite of repeated calls to action, including those of the World Health Organization (WHO), the pandemic continues to progress. WHO recently projected that if the current lifestyle trend in young and adult populations around the world persist, by 2012 in countries like the USA, health care costs may amount to as much as 17.7% of the GDP. Most importantly, in large part due to the problems of obesity, those children may be the first generation ever to have a shorter life expectancy than that of their parents. This work presents the most current research and proposals for addressing the pandemic. Past studies have focused primarly on either genetic or behavioral causes for obesity, however today's research indicates that a strongly integrated program is the best prospect for success in overcoming obesity. Furthermore, focus on the role of society in establishing an affordable, accessible and sustainable program for implementing these lifestyle changes is vital, particularly for those in economically challenged situations, who are ultimately at the highest risk for obesity. Using studies from both neuroscience and behavioral science to present a comprehensive overview of the challenges and possible solutions, The brain-to-society approach to obesity prevention focuses on what is needed in order to sustain a healthy, pleasurable and affordable lifestyle.

Design of experiments for bivariate binary responses modelled by Copula functions

Optimal design for generalized linear models has primarily focused on univariate data. Often experiments are performed that have multiple dependent responses described by regression type models, and it is of interest and of value to design the experiment for all these responses. This requires a multivariate distribution underlying a pre-chosen model for the data. Here, we consider the design of experiments for bivariate binary data which are dependent. We explore Copula functions which provide a rich and flexible class of structures to derive joint distributions for bivariate binary data. We present methods for deriving optimal experimental designs for dependent bivariate binary data using Copulas, and demonstrate that, by including the dependence between responses in the design process, more efficient parameter estimates are obtained than by the usual practice of simply designing for a single variable only. Further, we investigate the robustness of designs with respect to initial parameter estimates and Copula function, and also show the performance of compound criteria within this bivariate binary setting.

Comparing different explanations of the volatility trend

We analyze the puzzling behavior of the volatility of individual stock returns over the past few decades. The literature has provided many different explanations to the trend in volatility and this paper tests the viability of the different explanations. Virtually all current theoretical arguments that are provided for the trend in the average level of volatility over time lend themselves to explanations about the difference in volatility levels between firms in the cross-section. We therefore focus separately on the cross-sectional and time-series explanatory power of the different proxies. We fail to find a proxy that is able to explain both dimensions well. In particular, we find that Cao et al. [Cao, C., Simin, T.T., Zhao, J., 2008. Can growth options explain the trend in idiosyncratic risk? Review of Financial Studies 21, 2599–2633] market-to-book ratio tracks average volatility levels well, but has no cross-sectional explanatory power. On the other hand, the low-price proxy suggested by Brandt et al. [Brandt, M.W., Brav, A., Graham, J.R., Kumar, A., 2010. The idiosyncratic volatility puzzle: time trend or speculative episodes. Review of Financial Studies 23, 863–899] has much cross-sectional explanatory power, but has virtually no time-series explanatory power. We also find that the different proxies do not explain the trend in volatility in the period prior to 1995 (R-squared of virtually zero), but explain rather well the trend in volatility at the turn of the Millennium (1995–2005).

Stochastic models and simulation of ion channel dynamics

The behaviour of ion channels within cardiac and neuronal cells is intrinsically stochastic in nature. When the number of channels is small this stochastic noise is large and can have an impact on the dynamics of the system which is potentially an issue when modelling small neurons and drug block in cardiac cells. While exact methods correctly capture the stochastic dynamics of a system they are computationally expensive, restricting their inclusion into tissue level models and so approximations to exact methods are often used instead. The other issue in modelling ion channel dynamics is that the transition rates are voltage dependent, adding a level of complexity as the channel dynamics are coupled to the membrane potential. By assuming that such transition rates are constant over each time step, it is possible to derive a stochastic differential equation (SDE), in the same manner as for biochemical reaction networks, that describes the stochastic dynamics of ion channels. While such a model is more computationally efficient than exact methods we show that there are analytical problems with the resulting SDE as well as issues in using current numerical schemes to solve such an equation. We therefore make two contributions: develop a different model to describe the stochastic ion channel dynamics that analytically behaves in the correct manner and also discuss numerical methods that preserve the analytical properties of the model.