Towards Innovative Virtual Learning in Vocational Teacher Education: Narratives as a Form of Meaningful Learning

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Azolium-based systems: application of an anion exchange resin (A- form) method and 1H NMR analysis of the charged-assisted (CH)+·anion hydrogen bonds

The counteranion exchange of quaternary 1,2,3-triazolium salts was examined using a simple method that permitted halide ions to be swap for a variety of anions using an anion exchange resin (A¯ form). The method was applied to 1,2,3-triazolium-based ionic liquids and the iodideto- anion exchange proceeded in excellent to quantitative yields, concomitantly removing halide impurities. Additionally, an anion exchange resin (N3¯ form) was used to obtain the benzyl azide from benzyl halide under mild reaction. Likewise, following a similar protocol, bis(azidomethyl)arenes were also synthesized in excellent yields. The results of a proton NMR spectroscopic study of simple azolium-based ion pairs are discussed, with attention focused on the significance of the charged-assisted (CH)+···anion hydrogen bonds of simple azolium systems such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-benzyl-3-methyl-1,2,3-triazolium salts.

Azolium-based systems: application of an anion exchange resin (A- form) method and 1H NMR analysis of the charged-assisted (CH)+·anion hydrogen bonds

The counteranion exchange of quaternary 1,2,3-triazolium salts was examined using a simple method that permitted halide ions to be swap for a variety of anions using an anion exchange resin (A¯ form). The method was applied to 1,2,3-triazolium-based ionic liquids and the iodideto- anion exchange proceeded in excellent to quantitative yields, concomitantly removing halide impurities. Additionally, an anion exchange resin (N3¯ form) was used to obtain the benzyl azide from benzyl halide under mild reaction. Likewise, following a similar protocol, bis(azidomethyl)arenes were also synthesized in excellent yields. The results of a proton NMR spectroscopic study of simple azolium-based ion pairs are discussed, with attention focused on the significance of the charged-assisted (CH)+···anion hydrogen bonds of simple azolium systems such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-benzyl-3-methyl-1,2,3-triazolium salts.

Azolium-based systems: application of an anion exchange resin (A- form) method and 1H NMR analysis of the charged-assisted (CH)+·anion hydrogen bonds

The counteranion exchange of quaternary 1,2,3-triazolium salts was examined using a simple method that permitted halide ions to be swap for a variety of anions using an anion exchange resin (A¯ form). The method was applied to 1,2,3-triazolium-based ionic liquids and the iodideto- anion exchange proceeded in excellent to quantitative yields, concomitantly removing halide impurities. Additionally, an anion exchange resin (N3¯ form) was used to obtain the benzyl azide from benzyl halide under mild reaction. Likewise, following a similar protocol, bis(azidomethyl)arenes were also synthesized in excellent yields. The results of a proton NMR spectroscopic study of simple azolium-based ion pairs are discussed, with attention focused on the significance of the charged-assisted (CH)+···anion hydrogen bonds of simple azolium systems such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-benzyl-3-methyl-1,2,3-triazolium salts.

Neuropeptide Y at the cellular level – Studies on PreproNPY L7P Polymorphism and the Mitochondrial Form of NPY

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a widely expressed neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Thymidine 1128 to cytocine substitution in the signal sequence of the preproNPY results in a single amino acid change where leucine is changed to proline. This L7P change leads to a conformational change of the signal sequence which can have an effect on the intracellular processing of NPY. The L7P polymorphism was originally associated with higher total and LDL cholesterol levels in obese subjects. It has also been associated with several other physiological and pathophysiological responses such as atherosclerosis and T2 diabetes. However, the changes on the cellular level due to the preproNPY signal sequence L7P polymorphism were not known. The aims of the current thesis were to study the effects of the [p.L7]+[p.L7] and the [p.L7]+[p.P7] genotypes in primary cultured and genotyped human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), in neuroblastoma (SK-N-BE(2)) cells and in fibroblast (CHO-K1) cells. Also, the putative effects of the L7P polymorphism on proliferation, apoptosis and LDL and nitric oxide metabolism were investigated. In the course of the studies a fragment of NPY targeted to mitochondria was found. With the putative mitochondrial NPY fragment the aim was to study the translational preferences and the mobility of the protein. The intracellular distribution of NPY between the [p.L7]+[p.L7] and the [p.L7]+[p.P7] genotypes was found to be different. NPY immunoreactivity was prominent in the [p.L7]+[p.P7] cells while the proNPY immunoreactivity was prominent in the [p.L7]+[p.L7] genotype cells. In the proliferation experiments there was a difference in the [p.L7]+[p.L7] genotype cells between early and late passage (aged) cells; the proliferation was raised in the aged cells. NPY increased the growth of the cells with the [p.L7]+[p.P7] genotype. Apoptosis did not seem to differ between the genotypes, but in the aged cells with the [p.L7]+[p.L7] genotype, LDL uptake was found to be elevated. Furthermore, the genotype seemed to have a strong effect on the nitric oxide metabolism. The results indicated that the mobility of NPY protein inside the cells was increased within the P7 containing constructs. The existence of the mitochondria targeted NPY fragment was verified, and translational preferences were proved to be due to the origin of the cells. Cell of neuronal origin preferred the translation of mature NPY (NPY1-36) when compared to the non neuronal cells that translated both, NPY and the mitochondrial fragment of NPY. The mobility of the mitochondrial fragment was found to be minimal. The functionality of the mitochondrial NPY fragment remains to be investigated. L7P polymorphism in the preproNPY causes a series of intracellular changes. These changes may contribute to the state of cellular senescence, vascular tone and lead to endothelial dysfunction and even to increased susceptibility to diseases, like atherosclerosis and T2 diabetes.

Local privatization, intermunicipal cooperation, transaction costs and political interests: Evidence from Spain

Several empirical studies have analyzed the factors that influence local privatization. Variables related to fiscal stress, cost reduction, political processes and ideological attitudes are the most common explanatory variables used in these studies. In this paper, we add to this literature by examining the influence of transaction costs and political factors on local governments’ choices through new variables. In addition to this, we consider the role of additional aspects, such as intermunicipal cooperation as a potential alternative to privatization in order to exploit scale economies or scope economies. We consider two relevant services: solid waste collection and water distribution. Results from our estimates show that privatization (that is, contracting out to a private firm) is less common for water distribution than for solid waste collection. Higher transaction costs in water distribution are consistent with this finding. Furthermore, we find that municipalities with a conservative ruling party privatize more often regardless of the ideological orientation of the constituency. This shows that those political interests able to influence local elections are more important in determining the form of delivery than is the basic ideological stance of the constituency. Finally, we find that intermunicipal cooperation is an alternative to local privatization.

Equivalent representation form of oscillators with elastic and damping nonlinear terms

In this work we consider the nonlinear equivalent representation form of oscillators that exhibit nonlinearities in both the elastic and the damping terms. The nonlinear damping effects are considered to be described by fractional power velocity terms which provide better predictions of the dissipative effects observed in some physical systems. It is shown that their effects on the system dynamics response are equivalent to a shift in the coefficient of the linear damping term of a Duffing oscillator. Then, its numerical integration predictions, based on its equivalent representation form given by the well-known forced, damped Duffing equation, are compared to the numerical integration values of its original equations of motion. The applicability of the proposed procedure is evaluated by studying the dynamics response of four nonlinear oscillators that arise in some engineering applications such as nanoresonators, microresonators, human wrist movements, structural engineering design, and chain dynamics of polymeric materials at high extensibility, among others

Creating dynamic continuous improvement system for Larox Corporation

Today´s organizations must have the ability to react to rapid changes in the market. These rapid changes cause pressure to continuously find new efficient ways to organize work practices. Increased competition requires businesses to become more effective and to pay attention to quality of management and to make people to understand their work's impact on the final result. The fundamentals in continmuois improvement are systematic and agile tackling of indentified individual process constraints and the fact tha nothin finally improves without changes. Successful continuous improvement requires management commitment, education, implementation, measurement, recognition and regeneration. These ingredients form the foundation, both for breakthrough projects and small step ongoing improvement activities. One part of the organization's management system are the quality tools, which provide systematic methodologies for identifying problems, defining their root causes, finding solutions, gathering and sorting of data, supporting decision making and implementing the changes, and many other management tasks. Organizational change management includes processes and tools for managing the people in an organizational level change. These tools include a structured approach, which can be used for effective transition of organizations through change. When combined with the understanding of change management of individuals, these tools provide a framework for managing people in change,

Calculation of the critical crack size for cold form rectangular hollow section tube (CRHS) under bending load at -40º C temperature

To predict the capacity of the structure or the point which is followed by instability, calculation of the critical crack size is important. Structures usually contain several cracks but not necessarily all of these cracks lead to failure or reach the critical size. So, defining the harmful cracks or the crack size which is the most leading one to failure provides criteria for structure’s capacity at elevated temperature. The scope of this thesis was to calculate fracture parameters like stress intensity factor, the J integral and plastic and ultimate capacity of the structure to estimate critical crack size for this specific structure. Several three dimensional (3D) simulations using finite element method by Ansys program and boundary element method by Frank 3D program were carried out to calculate fracture parameters and results with the aid of laboratory tests (loaddisplacement curve, the J resistance curve and yield or ultimate stress) leaded to extract critical size of the crack. Two types of the fracture which is usually affected by temperature, Elastic and Elasti-Plastic fractures were simulated by performing several linear elastic and nonlinear elastic analyses. Geometry details of the weldment; flank angle and toe radius were also studied independently to estimate the location of crack initiation and simulate stress field in early stages of crack extension in structure. In this work also overview of the structure’s capacity in room temperature (20 ºC) was studied. Comparison of the results in different temperature (20 ºC and -40 ºC) provides a threshold of the structure’s behavior within the defined range.

Revisión crono-tipológica de un grupo de cerámicas africanas de cocina: la forma Ostia I, 272 - Atlante CVII, 11-12

El hallazgo de diversos ejemplares completos en la villa romana de Els Antigons (Reus, Tarragona) de las formas Ostia I, 272 y Atlante CVII, 11-12 de la cerámica africana de cocina nos permite plantearnos la unificación tipológica de las mismas, así como la revisión de su cronología (segunda mitad del siglo II a mediados del III dC) y su relación con la forma Raqqada 1973, LIII, D1. Asimismo, se documenta su difusión en la costa mediterránea de la Hispania Citerior.

Conversioni al cattolicesimo a Roma tra Sei e Settecento. La presenza degli scandinavi nell’Ospizio dei Convertendi.

In my PhD dissertation, I have examined a group of people of Scandinavian origin received by Ospizio dei Convertendi. This group has been hitherto largely unknown to historical research. The Ospizio was an institute founded by the Oratorian Congregation in Rome in 1673 to provide religious instruction and material aid to both recent and aspirant converts to Roman Catholicism. My research traces the profile of converts and a typology of motives, examining different factors which influenced the conversion process. I show that the key factors were often of a social rather than a religious nature. Moreover, I have analyzed the hospice in the context of Counter-Reformation charity as well. In terms of numbers, the Scandinavians formed a somewhat marginal yet not insignificant group within the Roman hospice. Out of a total of 2203 guests received between 1673 and 1706, 4.6 % were Scandinavians: 74 Swedes (including Finland and Livonia) and 27 Danes (including Norway). They came from a rigorously Protestant region which reacted to Catholicism with severe legislative measures. Converts to Catholicism risked confiscation of their goods, expulsion or even capital punishment. Since both Sweden and Denmark were practically impenetrable to Catholicism at the time and clandestine missionary attempts often failed before they had even properly started, the Roman Catholic Church shifted its interest towards Northerners arriving in Rome, a preferred destination for young noblemen, artists and migrant craftsmen. The material related to Ospizio dei Convertendi, conserved in the Vatican archives, is a scarcely known yet unusually rich source, not only for the religious history of our continent, but also for social history and the study of migration in early modern Europe. It contains a wealth of information about members of the subordinate classes, of their travels and lives in Europe. The profile delineated in these documents is of individuals who had a wide range of different professions and different aspirations. These documents encompass a vast social spectrum that was highly mobile on a continent which by that time had become pluriconfessional. Therefore, these migrants faced the complex religious reality in their everyday life. The principal corpus of my research consists of two types of manuscript sources created for administrative and in a way also for apologetic purposes of the Roman Catholic Church. My starting point is the Primo registro generale of Ospizio dei Convertendi. This is a volume in which the following information about each guest was registered: name, nationality, city of origin, age, sex, profession, confession professed before converting, date of arrival, departure, abjuration and baptism. Typically, the convert was male, originating from Stockholm or Copenhagen, from 21 to 30 years of age. The biggest occupational groups in descending order were soldiers, noblemen, craftsmen and sailors. Thus the data reflects a multiform reality of interurban and long distance migration, ideals regarding the education of young noblemen and gentry as well as the need of European armies to hire foreign mercenaries in their various campaigns. Against this background the almost total absence of women is hardly surprising: there is only one woman in the material I have studied. The second main source, Nota degl’ospiti ricevuti e spese fatte per essi, sheds more light on the choices of the converts, their motivations and their lives outside Scandinavia before reaching Rome. This narrative material permits an analysis which completes but also goes far beyond the columns of the Institute’s general register. This material consists of reports written by Catholic priests based on an interview conducted upon each guest’s arrival. The material frequently includes information on what the converts would do following their departure from the Institute as well. These sources have a specific narrative form and contain short biographies, list reasons for converting and information about the journey from the North to the Mediterranean - a journey which in many cases took several years. Moreover, they show that certain unorthodox practices such as calling on the saints and pleading for help from them were not uncommon in the Protestant popular religion. The recording of information on conversions from Protestantism to Catholicism reflects both religious and social interest on the part of the receiving institute. The information obtained was used for the purposes of religious teaching, for finding adequate ways of inserting the convert into Italian society so that he could earn a living, and to find effective methods to convert others with a similar cultural and geographical background. The stories recorded were based on interviews with the newly-arrived, information obtained from a travel companion or fellow countrymen, or from written documents the aspirant converts carried with them. These sources illustrate, although sometimes in rather simplified ways, the circumstances and motivations which were relevant to the choice of changing one’s confession. In addition, I have examined petitions addressed to the hospice and other Roman authorities in order to get financial aid. These petitions were written by Italian scrittori, and they contain certain conventions and topoi of presenting the conversion with the purpose of improving the chances of obtaining financial aid. It is through these filters, which may seem initially almost invisible, that the remote voice of the converts reaches us. The results of the analysis are particularly interesting because they disagree with some of the principal conclusions of previous work on the subject. First, earlier research has focused almost exclusively on the conversions of noblemen, and has argued, second, that the Queen Christina of Sweden was the driving force behind their change of confession. The sources examined for this dissertation present a profile of long-distance migrants, many of them members of the subordinate classes, who were looking for ways to make their living in Europe. These people had in many cases left their country of origin several years earlier and not for religious reasons, so, crucially, we are not dealing with confessional migration in these cases. Rather, conversion was a complex process, intricately tied up with strategies of survival, integration and upward social mobility. At the same time, while these components are significant on their own right, they do not necessarily point to the absence of motivations of a more clearly religious nature.

Spectrophotometric method for determination of atazanavir sulfate in capsule dosage form

Two sensitive and simple spectrophotmetric methods were developed for determination of Atazanavir Sulfate in capsule dosage form. The first method was based on the oxidative coupling of ATV with 3-Methyl Benzothiazolin-2-one hydrazone (MBTH). The resulting green product had Λmax of 627.3 nm and was stable for 2 h. The second method was based on the reaction between diazotized drug with N-(1-napthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NEDA) in neutral medium to yield yellowish orange product which had Λmax of 517.1 nm. The product was stable for 4 h. Both methods were highly reproducible and had been applied to pharmaceutical preparations.

Makeovermani - ny form av magi?

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Yritysmuodon vaikutus verotuksen edullisuuteen, case Lahden Betonilattiat Oy / Tmi MR-Rakennus & Remontti

Suomessa verotuksen tarkoituksena ei ole vaikuttaa yritysmuodon valintaan. Yritystä perustettaessa kiinnitetään kuitenkin usein erityistä huomiota verotukseen. Yrityksen ja omistajayrittäjän verotukseen vaikuttavat monet eri tekijät. Yleispäteviä saantoja yritysmuodon vaikutuksesta verotuksen edullisuuteen on mahdoton antaa ja siksi harkinta täytyy tehdä aina tilannekohtaisesti. Tärkeintä verotuksen edullisuuslaskelmissa on kokonaisrasituksen mittaaminen. Tutkimuksessa on vertailtu kahden samalla toimialalla toimivan pienyrityksen yritysmuodon vaikutusta verotuksen edullisuuteen. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on ollut selvittää omistajayrittäjille jäävän nettotulon määrä. Tutkimuksen kohteena olevat yritykset ovat Lahden Betonilattiat Oy ja Tmi MR-Rakennus & Remontti, joista ensimmäinen on yritysmuodoltaan osakeyhtiö ja toinen yksityisliike. Tutkimusongelman ratkaisemiseksi tutkimuksessa on perehdytty yritysten kirjanpitoon ja tilinpaatostietoihin. Niiden avulla on laskettu yritysten nettovarallisuus, tulonmuodostus ja verot. Siten on saatu konkreettinen tulos siitä, kuinka paljon on ollut omistajayrittäjien kokonaisverorasitus ja käteen jäävän nettotulon määrä. Tutkimuksessa on oletettu tilikauden voiton otetun kokonaisuudessaan osakkaan käyttöön. Lisäksi on tutkittu miten tilanne muuttuu voiton ja nettovarallisuuden kasvaessa. Tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella todetaan yksityisliikkeen olevan verotuksen kannalta osakeyhtiötä edullisempi vaihtoehto. Yritysten voiton ja nettovarallisuuden kasvaessa havaitaan yksityisliikkeen lähes aina olevan osakeyhtiötä edullisempi yritysmuoto. Osakeyhtiö on yksityisliikettä edullisempi vaihtoehto ainoastaan silloin, kun sen nettovarallisuus on huomattavan suuri ja paljon yksityisliikkeen nettovarallisuutta suurempi.