Adaptación y elaboración de un cuestionario de medida de la metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje semipresencial y a distancia aplicada a la formación universitaria

La adecuación al nuevo escenario educativo definido en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) ha supuesto una transformación de la Universidad Española. El cambio en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje implica favorecer el aprendizaje autónomo de competencias genéricas y específicas en el estudiante. La adopción de una nueva metodología centrada en el discente supone que los profesores y los estudiantes deben adoptar nuevos roles, que conllevan nuevas formas de pensar, de sentir y de actuar. El cambio en la concepción pedagógica y la renovación metodológica en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje lleva consigo, a su vez, el uso de diferentes métodos educativos y medios pedagógicos en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje. Al objeto de analizar el modelo y estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje aplicado a la formación universitaria, en entornos virtuales, se ha realizado una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica con el propósito de conseguir un instrumento, con garantías métricas de calidad, que evaluara adecuadamente dicha metodología. Una vez realizada esta revisión, se seleccionó el cuestionario The Distance Education Learning Environments Survey (DELES) de S.L. Walker (2005), como el instrumento más adecuado y con mayor validez aparente para nuestro objetivo de investigación. Ha participado en nuestro proyecto de investigación una muestra de 265 estudiantes matriculados en diversas asignaturas, impartidas por profesorado del Departamento de Psicología de la Salud de la Universidad de Alicante, con metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje semipresencial y a distancia. El instrumento seleccionado, DELES, evalúa a través de 34 ítems y 5 opciones de respuesta, seis áreas de interés: (1) Apoyo del Profesorado; (2) Interacción y Colaboración entre Estudiantes; (3) Relevancia Personal; (4) Aprendizaje Real; (5) Aprendizaje Activo y (6) Autonomía. Además, este instrumento incluye una escala adicional que permite evaluar el grado de satisfacción del estudiante con la metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje utilizada en la asignatura. La investigación realizada ha mostrado una buena viabilidad, fiabilidad y validez del instrumento de medida. La adaptación del cuestionario a nuestro medio universitario es satisfactoria. El instrumento muestra buenos criterios de calidad métrica. A través del mismo se comprueba que los estudiantes valoran de manera muy positiva el apoyo e interacción con el profesorado, manifiestan un alto grado de acuerdo en relación a la aplicabilidad de los conocimientos adquiridos en la asignaturat estiman favorablemente la utilización de casos reales en las sesiones y consideran muy provechoso el aprendizaje activo y autónomo.

Aplicaciones de procesamiento de lenguaje natural

El campo de procesamiento de lenguaje natural (PLN), ha tenido un gran crecimiento en los últimos años; sus áreas de investigación incluyen: recuperación y extracción de información, minería de datos, traducción automática, sistemas de búsquedas de respuestas, generación de resúmenes automáticos, análisis de sentimientos, entre otras. En este artículo se presentan conceptos y algunas herramientas con el fin de contribuir al entendimiento del procesamiento de texto con técnicas de PLN, con el propósito de extraer información relevante que pueda ser usada en un gran rango de aplicaciones. Se pueden desarrollar clasificadores automáticos que permitan categorizar documentos y recomendar etiquetas; estos clasificadores deben ser independientes de la plataforma, fácilmente personalizables para poder ser integrados en diferentes proyectos y que sean capaces de aprender a partir de ejemplos. En el presente artículo se introducen estos algoritmos de clasificación, se analizan algunas herramientas de código abierto disponibles actualmente para llevar a cabo estas tareas y se comparan diversas implementaciones utilizando la métrica F en la evaluación de los clasificadores.

Complexidade prosódica : Tarefas de consciência fonológica em crianças do 1º ciclo do ensino básico

Tese de doutoramento, Linguística (Linguística para o Diagnóstico e Intervenção), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, Faculdade de Medicina, 2016

Olga Elena Mattei frente al canon de la poesía colombiana de su tiempo (1962-2005)

Ce mémoire vise à placer le travail de la poète colombienne Olga Elena Mattei au sein de la poésie colombienne de son temps (1962-2005). Dans le premier chapitre, certains concepts théoriques sont définis et le terme «canon», axé sur la poésie, est synthétisé. Dans le deuxième chapitre, le paysage de la poésie colombienne de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle est défini. La stylistique des poètes les plus importants et jugés comme étant canoniques, est présentée. Dans le dernier chapitre, les particularités de la poésie de Mattei sont analysées. Il est conclu qu'Olga Elena Mattei fait partie du canon de la poésie colombienne, mais que son travail a contesté le canon dominant de celle-ci, au fil des décennies, et qu'il a été en avance sur les tendances qui émergeraient plus tard. À titre d'exemple, il est montré comment, dans les années soixante du XXe siècle, quand, en Colombie, la rime et le mètre étaient toujours hégémoniques dans la poésie, Olga Elena Mattei a osé écrire et publier en vers libres. Puis, dans les années soixante-dix, lorsque le vers libre a été accepté et il régnait à la poésie colombienne, Mattei fut la première femme à écrire anti-poésie en espagnol. Dans les années quatre-vingt, alors que l'anti-poésie était la principale tendance en Colombie, Mattei s'est consacrée à écrire de la poésie au sujet de la science, jamais réalisée auparavant en Colombie. Et, dans les années quatre-vingt-dix, lorsque le vers libre est dominant en Colombie, Mattei retourne à la rime.

Olga Elena Mattei frente al canon de la poesía colombiana de su tiempo (1962-2005)

Ce mémoire vise à placer le travail de la poète colombienne Olga Elena Mattei au sein de la poésie colombienne de son temps (1962-2005). Dans le premier chapitre, certains concepts théoriques sont définis et le terme «canon», axé sur la poésie, est synthétisé. Dans le deuxième chapitre, le paysage de la poésie colombienne de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle est défini. La stylistique des poètes les plus importants et jugés comme étant canoniques, est présentée. Dans le dernier chapitre, les particularités de la poésie de Mattei sont analysées. Il est conclu qu'Olga Elena Mattei fait partie du canon de la poésie colombienne, mais que son travail a contesté le canon dominant de celle-ci, au fil des décennies, et qu'il a été en avance sur les tendances qui émergeraient plus tard. À titre d'exemple, il est montré comment, dans les années soixante du XXe siècle, quand, en Colombie, la rime et le mètre étaient toujours hégémoniques dans la poésie, Olga Elena Mattei a osé écrire et publier en vers libres. Puis, dans les années soixante-dix, lorsque le vers libre a été accepté et il régnait à la poésie colombienne, Mattei fut la première femme à écrire anti-poésie en espagnol. Dans les années quatre-vingt, alors que l'anti-poésie était la principale tendance en Colombie, Mattei s'est consacrée à écrire de la poésie au sujet de la science, jamais réalisée auparavant en Colombie. Et, dans les années quatre-vingt-dix, lorsque le vers libre est dominant en Colombie, Mattei retourne à la rime.

Principios de retórica y poética /

Principios de arte métrica castellana, p. 255-301.

Associação do sobrepeso, obesidade I e II e circunferência da cintura com sintomas de ansiedade e depressão

Este estudo objetivou associar o sobrepeso, obesidade I e II e Circunferência da Cintura (CC) com sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em adultos que buscavam primeiro atendimento médico nutricional para emagrecimento em consultório do município de Santos São Paulo - Brasil, mesmo os que já haviam tentado emagrecer anteriormente. Para coletar dados, foi utilizada uma ficha para caracterização do participante, Inventário IDATE para ansiedade traço estado, Inventário de Beck (BDI) para depressão, balança antropométrica para aferição do peso, altura e cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), fita métrica inelástica para aferir CC. Os dados dos 81 participantes demonstraram que 38% eram jovens, 36% casados, 63% possuíam nível superior completo, 45% alta renda familiar. Estavam em sobrepeso 56% e obesidade I 28%, e 64% apresentavam 77 a 100 cm de CC. A análise simples da distribuição dos sintomas de ansiedade e depressão na elevação do IMC e da CC demonstra que, conforme estes aumentam, a ansiedade e depressão diminuem. Houve alta ocorrência de sintomas de ansiedade traço (75%) estado (70%) de intensidade média baixa e de depressão mínima (64%) que decaem de freqüência conforme eleva o IMC e a CC, bem como redução de freqüência às consultas conforme eleva o IMC. Não houve casos de depressão grave. A análise estatística de Pearson não encontrou correlação entre IMC e CC com sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, o mesmo ocorrendo com o teste para associação Qui-quadrado. Os resultados sugerem ocorrer uma acomodação emocional do indivíduo às pressões causadas pela elevação do peso corporal e os participantes apresentavam-se, em sua maioria, hiporreativos, indiferentes ou insensíveis aos acontecimentos, com desinteresse geral ou falta de desejos aparentando resistência ao tratamento e apatia.

Dar a ver Sertão e Sevilha: matizes hispânicas na poética de João Cabral de Melo Neto

Dar a ver Sertão e Sevilha: matizes hispânicas na poética cabralina is a study on the lyric reading possibilities of Cabralian poetry, from the work of the poet from Pernambuco, that shows the intercultural dialogue and the Spanish poetical approach absorbed by João Cabral de Melo Neto during his Andalusian experience. Hispanic interfaces incorporated by the Cabralian poetry through literature or through the direct contact with the culture are registered on the 133 poems that have Spain as theme, in which we can see the matrix of Hispanic tradition, rich in its diversity, was the preponderant element for the poet João Cabral to discover the core of his lyric backwards. From Hispanic corpus, it will be explored the aesthetical assimilation of Spanish poetry in the work of João Cabral de Melo Neto, with the objective of demystifying the issues of lyrical dullness and anti musicality on Cabralian poetics in which, from the appropriation of Hispanic elements investigated as a signal of lyrics and musicality, originates a reading unattached from the constructivist signal, tessitura evidenced by the critic Antonio Candido since the origin of JCMN poetry with the poem Pedra do sono (1942). The mentioned aesthetics was adopted later on by the literary critics that named it as “brain poetry” for its hermetical configuration, tessitura of rigor, concreteness of language and stiff metrics. The results obtained from this study aim to induce a reading that favors the lyrical acoustic of the Cabralian poetry in the effort to ease the aspects of the arid construction.

A escrita no ensino fundamental II: uma análise dos desvios ortográficos e sugestões de estratégias de intervenção

Why students of 6th year still present oral marks in written? To answer this question our paper presents what they are and how writing and grammatical deviations occur and emerged in an attempt to expand on these studies. The same objective to evaluate the presence of these deviations in genres produced by students of the 6th year of the Municipal School Manoel Catarino Filho and check if there are more variation deviations or grammatical deviations. It also aims to improve the linguistic and discursive ability of students in various traffic environments of certain genres and consequently the formation of active readers and writers. In order to better understand how this process occurs, the text starts of the socio discursive conception of gender, with the theoretical background studies of Bakhtin (1992) and Marcuschi (2002) about this conception and the rhetoric conception of Aristoteles and Platão. The text underlies even the works of Callou (2007), Neves (2003), Faraco (2002), Franchi (2006) and Cagliari (2005) on the Grammar School, linguistic variation as also on the sociolinguistic parameters as well in research on the phonetics and phonology of Oliveira e Nascimento (1990), Seara (2009), Hora (2009) and in the PCN. To compose the corpus of this study we collected 23 texts produced by students to serve as a data source for analysis of the presented deviations by quantitative and qualitative research method, in which categorize the deviations found in two groups: oral and linguistic variation deviations and writing and grammar deviations. The results showed that there was a rate of occurrence of oral and variation deviations greater of writing and grammar deviations. We concluded that the orality has a great influence on the written production of students. Finally, we propose some activities aimed at minimizing the occurrence of deviations in written productions of the students.

The song of humpback whale and the potential effects of whale-watching in the abrolhos bank, BA, Brazil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

The song of humpback whale and the potential effects of whale-watching in the abrolhos bank, BA, Brazil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A paisagem da Mata Atlântica do estado do Rio Grande do Norte: remanescentes, configuração espacial e disponibilidade de habitat

The Atlantic Forest in Rio Grande do Norte (RN) is included in Pernambuco biogeographic sub-region and it is composed by Semi-deciduous Forest, deciduous Forest, Mangrove and Restinga. We assessed the conservation status of Atlantic Forest in the RN through remnants mapping using high resolution satellite images and landscape ecology approaches. We evaluated if there is difference between the north and south coastal regions considering their natural a historical land use differences. We also assessed the influence of the small remnants on landscape cover and configuration. The proportion of the original biome area with remnants larger than 3 hectares is 15.60% for the official governmental limit and is 16.60% for the alternative limit (SNE, 2002). This remnants proportion varies between 0.56 and 46.52% in the hydrographic basins. 89.70% of the remnants are smaller than 50 hectares. Only 6.00% of the remnants are greater than 100 hectares, and these remnants are responsible by 65% of remaining area. The patches with smaller area influence all calculated metrics. The south coastal hydrographic basins have higher percentage of coverage of remnants, larger patch densities and fragments with larger areas than north coastal hydrographic basins. The diffuse drainage basins of the southern coastal have the highest percentage of coverage with remnants. 18.28% and 10% of the biome area are protected by reserves, according to the official governmental and alternative limits respectively. The reserves are mainly of sustainable use (IUCN V-VI). Therefore, the Atlantic Forest in Rio Grande do Norte is in critical situation, with low proportion of remaining area and high fragmentation level. It’s indispensable to biome conservation keep all the remaining area, especially the large remnants, and restore areas to increase remnants proportion and to increase landscape connectivity

Instrumento de avaliação de processos cognitivos para a aprendizagem de subestações de energia em ambientes 2D e realidade virtual

This study describes the development of a prototype to evaluate the potential of environments based on two-dimensional modeling and virtual reality as power substations learning objects into training environments from a central operation and control of power utility Cemig. Initially, there was an identification modeling features and cognitive processes in 2D and RV, from which it was possible to create frames that serve to guide the preparation of a checklist with assigning a metric weight for measuring cognitive potential learning in the study sites. From these contents twenty-four questions were prepared and each was assigned a weight that was used in the calculation of the metric; the questions were grouped into skill sets and similar cognitive processes called categories. Were then developed two distinct environments: the first, the prototype features an interactive checklist and your individual results. And, second, a system of data management environment for the configuration and editing of the prototype, and the observation and analysis of the survey results. For prototype validation, were invited to access the virtual checklist and answer it, five professionals linked to Cemig's training area. The results confirmed the validity of this instrument application to assess the possible potential of modeling in 2D and RV as learning objects in power substations, as well as provide feedback to developers of virtual environments to improve the system.

Algorithms for super-resolution of images based on Sparse Representation and Manifolds

lmage super-resolution is defined as a class of techniques that enhance the spatial resolution of images. Super-resolution methods can be subdivided in single and multi image methods. This thesis focuses on developing algorithms based on mathematical theories for single image super­ resolution problems. lndeed, in arder to estimate an output image, we adopta mixed approach: i.e., we use both a dictionary of patches with sparsity constraints (typical of learning-based methods) and regularization terms (typical of reconstruction-based methods). Although the existing methods already per- form well, they do not take into account the geometry of the data to: regularize the solution, cluster data samples (samples are often clustered using algorithms with the Euclidean distance as a dissimilarity metric), learn dictionaries (they are often learned using PCA or K-SVD). Thus, state-of-the-art methods still suffer from shortcomings. In this work, we proposed three new methods to overcome these deficiencies. First, we developed SE-ASDS (a structure tensor based regularization term) in arder to improve the sharpness of edges. SE-ASDS achieves much better results than many state-of-the- art algorithms. Then, we proposed AGNN and GOC algorithms for determining a local subset of training samples from which a good local model can be computed for recon- structing a given input test sample, where we take into account the underlying geometry of the data. AGNN and GOC methods outperform spectral clustering, soft clustering, and geodesic distance based subset selection in most settings. Next, we proposed aSOB strategy which takes into account the geometry of the data and the dictionary size. The aSOB strategy outperforms both PCA and PGA methods. Finally, we combine all our methods in a unique algorithm, named G2SR. Our proposed G2SR algorithm shows better visual and quantitative results when compared to the results of state-of-the-art methods.