Migración y salud en zonas fronterizas: el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia y la Argentina

Incluye Bibliografía

America Latina: algunas consideraciones demograficas del proceso de metropolizacion, 1900-1960

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Mujer joven a partir de los estudios de la juventud: el caso chileno

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Estado, planificacion y politicas de poblacion en America Latina: los casos de Chile y Ecuador; proyecto de investigacion

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Educación reproductiva y paternidad responsable en Nicaragua

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Vulnerabilidad social y económica de los jóvenes marginados en México, El Salvador, Nicaragua y Panamá

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Procesamiento de los datos censales

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Fuente de datos: Programa de Encuestas Comparativas de Fecundidad en America Latina (PECFAL-Rural)

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Fecundidad, planificación familiar y salud reproductiva en el Perú

Incluye Bibliografía

Los derechos de la infancia urbana

Los niños y niñas de la ciudad en América Latina y el Caribe La precariedad en que vive un alto porcentaje de niños, niñas y adolescentes de zonas urbanas en la región merece especial atención, por lo que en este número de Desafíos se abordan los contrastes en sus condiciones de vida. Luego, se muestra la precariedad media (déficit habitacional, pobreza monetaria o bajo nivel educativo) o precariedad alta (combinación de más de uno de los déficits mencionados) entre quienes viven en zonas urbanas. Se estima que cerca del 29,0% de niños, niñas y adolescentes de estas zonas vive en condiciones de precariedad alta y un 27,6% en precariedad media para un promedio de ocho países.En zonas rurales y zonas urbanas de precariedad alta, hay mayor incidencia de niños y niñas no inmunizados contra el sarampión, y de adolescentes que no asisten a la escuela secundaria ni son económicamente activos, y que son madres y padres.Dichas disparidades exigen políticas diferenciadas con fuerte arraigo local, que impacten positivamente en las condiciones de vida y en el riesgo de morbimortalidad infantil, embarazo precoz o deserción prematura del sistema educacional.Existen importantes iniciativas y políticas dirigidas a producir entornos saludables e inclusivos en zonas de mayor vulnerabilidad, con el fin de mejorar la calidad de vida de estos grupos.Junto al artículo central, se informa sobre encuentros y conferencias en la región durante el año acerca de este tema, se entregan testimonios de niños, niñas y adolescentes y opiniones de expertos en la materia.

Anemia and hemoglobinopathies in pregnant women attended in a public hospital

Objectives: to identify the demographic profile and frequency of anemia and hemoglobinopathies, as a basis for future implementation of actions aimed at pregnant women in the public health domain. Method: this is a cross-sectional study developed with pregnant women attended in a university hospital at Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Blood samples were collected for the erythrogram analysis for detection of anemia and selective and specific tests for abnormal hemoglobin. The patients regarded as indigenous and mentally ill, as well as inmates, were excluded from the research, as they represent a vulnerable population which needs a cohort different from that of the sample. For data collection, a particular questionnaire was used. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), under the Protocol 873/2006. Results: of the 215 pregnant women under study, 20% were adolescents; 36.3% had incomplete primary education; 53.0% were non-Caucasian; 43.3% were from Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; and 21.1% were of European descent. 17.7% had some type of anemia and, in the evaluation of hemoglobinopathies, 4.7% of patients were detected with some abnormal hemoglobin, with the following frequencies: 3.3% with HbAS; 0.9% with HbAC; and 0.5% with intermediate β-thalassemia. Conclusion: the frequencies of anemia and hemoglobinopathy found in these pregnant women showed the importance of early diagnosis, revealing indicators able to provide a basis for preventive and assistance actions for adequate clinical monitoring, reducing maternal and neonatal morbimortality in the public health services. Descriptors: pregnant women; anemia; hemoglobinopathies; public health; nursing.

Sexualidade e infância: contribuições da educação sexual em face da erotização da criança em veículos midiáticos

This article proposes to show the contributions of the sex education in the school as a way to mitigate the effects of the media, which sometimes leads to early sexualisation of children. Bibliographical in nature, it points out some aspects of sexuality in childhood, and reveals the issues brought by the media, particularly for the formation of the child, when addressing sexual issues, highlighting the role of sex education for a more reflective thinking about this theme.

Tratamiento Quirúrgico de Mesiodens en Odontopediatría

Supernumerary teeth are a relatively frequent disorder of odontogenesis that can interfere with the development of the germs teeth. This pathology is most common in the maxillary anterior area, called mesiodens, and their prevalence is generally reported to occur more frequently in male than female, in a ratio of 2:1. The aim of this article was to report the clinical procedures performed in the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry at the Araraquara School of Dentistry when the presence of two mesiodens, radiographically shown, caused retention of permanent anterior teeth, resulting in esthetic and funcional disturb. All the surgical procedures, etiology and the importancy of the early diagnostic for the appropriate treatment was detailed described.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de mesiodents en odontopediatría

Supernumerary teeth are a relatively frequent disorder of odontogenesis that can interfere with the development of the germs teeth. This pathology is most common in the maxillary anterior area, called mesiodens, and their prevalence is generally reported to occur more frequently in male than female, in a ratio of 2:1. The aim of this article was to report the clinical procedures performed in the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry at the Araraquara School of Dentistry when the presence of two mesiodens, radiographically shown, caused retention of permanent anterior teeth, resulting in esthetic and funcional disturb. All the surgical procedures, etiology and the importancy of the early diagnostic for the appropriate treatment was detailed described.

Displasia ectodérmica hipohidrótica: un síndrome de interés para la odontología

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a rare disease of genetic etiology. The most frequent form is of recessive linked to X-chromosome inheritance with affected male and female carriers. It can occur through autosomal mutations, of the gene EDA1 gene being responsible for the majority of the cases. It is characterized by the triad: hypohidrosis, oligodontia and hypotrichosis. We present two cases of patients with HED in which we observed characteristic signs of this syndrome: delicate skin, sparce hair, eyebrows and eyelashes, periorbital wrinkles, perioral and periorbital hyperpigmentation, prominent lips, in addition the patient in case 2 also present the depressed nasal bridge. We also found decreased salivary and lacrimal secretion and maxillary hypoplasia in both cases. At the oral examination in case 1 the upper right and left deciduous canines and lower right deciduous canine were present, and in case 2 the upper and lower (right and left) deciduous canines and two upper (one right and other left) permanent incisors were present with altered morphology, all of these dental elements were healthy. The early dental treatment of patients with HED, especially in the presence of oligodontia, as observed in our cases, is important not only to provide a better quality of life for these patients in the short term, but also an attempt to minimize the changes in facial growth to which these patients are subject.