Effect of diabetes on orthodontic tooth movement in a mouse model

Orthodontic tooth movement is achieved by the remodeling of alveolar bone in response to mechanical loading. Type 1 diabetes results in bone remodeling, suggesting that this disease might affect orthodontic tooth movement. The present study investigated the effects of the diabetic state on orthodontic tooth movement. An orthodontic appliance was placed in normoglycemic (NG), streptozotocin-induced diabetes (DB), and insulin-treated DB (IT) C57BL6/J mice. Histomorphometric analysis and quantitative PCR of periodontium were performed. The DB mice exhibited greater orthodontic tooth movement and had a higher number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphate (TRAP) -positive osteoclasts than NG mice. This was associated with increased expression of factors involved in osteoclast activity and recruitment (Rankl, Csf1, Ccl2, Ccl5, and Tnfa) in DB mice. The expression of osteoblastic markers (Runx2, Ocn, Col1, and Alp) was decreased in DB mice. Reversal of the diabetic state by insulin treatment resulted in morphological findings similar to those of NG mice. These results suggest that the diabetic state up-regulates osteoclast migration and activity and down-regulates osteoblast differentiation, resulting in greater orthodontic tooth movement.

Tooth Replantation After Use of Euro-Coffins Solution or Bovine Milk as Storage Medium: A Histomorphometric Analysis in Dogs

Purpose: Euro-Collins solution was developed for the preservation of organs for transplantation, whose characteristics have raised interest for its use as a storage medium for avulsed teeth before replantation. This study evaluated histologically and morphometrically the healing process of dog teeth replanted after storage in Euro-Collins solution or bovine milk. Materials and Methods: Eighty roots of 4 young adult mongrel clogs were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 20) and the root canals were instrumented and obturated with gutta-percha and a calcium hydroxide-based sealer. After 2 weeks, the teeth were extracted and subjected to the following protocols: GI (negative control), replantation immediately after extraction; GII (positive control), bench-drying for 2 hours before replantation; GIII and GIV, immersion in 10 mL of whole bovine milk and Euro-Collins solution at 4 C, respectively, for 8 hours before replantation. The animals were sacrificed 90 days postoperatively. The pieces containing the replanted teeth were subjected to routine processing for histologic and histometric analyses under light microscopy and polarized light microscopy. Results: Root resorption was observed in all groups. GII exhibited the greatest loss of dental structure (P < .01), and inflammatory resorption was predominant in this group. Storage in milk showed poorer results than immediate replantation and storage in Euro-Collins solution (P < .01). The teeth stored in Euro-Collins solution presented similar extension of root resorption and periodontal ligament reorganization to those of immediately replanted teeth. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the Euro-Collins solution is an adequate storage medium for keeping avulsed teeth for up to 8 hours before replantation. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. All rights reserved. Oral Maxillofac Surg 68:111-119, 2010

Effects of neonatal handling on central noradrenergic and nitric oxidergic systems and reproductive parameters in female rats

Early-life environmental events that disrupt the mother-pup relationship may induce profound long-lasting changes on several behavioral and neuroendocrine systems. The neonatal handling procedure, which involves repeated brief maternal separations followed by experimental manipulations, reduces sexual behavior and induces anovulatory estrous cycles in female rats. On the afternoon of proestrus, neonatally handled females show a reduced surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) and an increased content of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the medial preoptic area (MPOA). In order to detect the possible causes for the reduced ovulation and sexual behavior, the present study aimed to analyze the effects of neonatal handling on noradrenaline (NA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the MPOA on the afternoon of proestrus. Neonatal handling reduced MHPG (NA metabolite) levels and MHPG/NA ratio in the MPOA, indicating decreased NAergic activity. Additionally, neonatal handling decreased NO levels, as measured by the metabolites (NO x), nitrite and nitrate in the same period. We may conclude that the neonatal handling procedure decreased activity of the NAergic and NOergic systems in the MPOA during proestrus, which is involved in the control of LH and FSH secretion, and this may possibly explain the anovulatory estrous cycles and reduced sexual behavior of the neonatally handled female rats. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Kisspeptin Regulates Prolactin Release through Hypothalamic Dopaminergic Neurons

Prolactin (PRL) is tonically inhibited by dopamine (DA) released from neurons in the arcuate and periventricular nuclei. Kisspeptin plays a pivotal role in LH regulation. In rodents, kisspeptin neurons are found mostly in the anteroventral periventricular and arcuate nuclei, but the physiology of arcuate kisspeptin neurons is not completely understood. We investigated the role of kisspeptin in the control of hypothalamic DA and pituitary PRL secretion in adult rats. Intracerebroventricular kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10) elicited PRL release in a dose-dependent manner in estradiol (E2)-treated ovariectomized rats (OVX+E2), whereas no effect was found in oil-treated ovariectomized rats (OVX). Kp-10 increased PRL release in males and proestrous but not diestrous females. Associated with the increase in PRL release, intracerebroventricular Kp-10 reduced Fos-related antigen expression in tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (ir) neurons of arcuate and periventricular nuclei in OVX+E2 rats, with no effect in OVX rats. Kp-10 also decreased 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentration and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid-DA ratio in the median eminence but not striatum in OVX+E2 rats. Double-label immunofluorescence combined with confocal microscopy revealed kisspeptin-ir fibers in close apposition to and in contact with tyrosine hydroxylase-ir perikarya in the arcuate. In addition, Kp-10 was not found to alter PRL release from anterior pituitary cell cultures regardless of E2 treatment. We provide herein evidence that kisspeptin regulates PRL release through inhibition of hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons, and that this mechanism is E2 dependent in females. These findings suggest a new role for central kisspeptin with possible implications for reproductive physiology. (Endocrinology 151: 3247-3257, 2010)

Modulatory role of locus coeruleus and estradiol on the stress response of female rats

The activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is modulated by the norepinephrinergic system and, in females, also by the ovarian hormones. We investigated the role of ovarian steroids and the locus coeruleus (LC) on stress-induced corticosterone secretion in female rats. Ovariectomized rats without hormonal replacement (OVX) or treated with estradiol (OVE) or estradiol plus progesterone (OVEP) were subjected to jugular cannulation. Immediately after that, each hormonal treatment group was subjected to LC lesion or sham surgery or no brain surgery. After 24 h, blood samples of all 9 groups were collected before and after ether inhalation. Other four groups (OVX control, sham and lesioned, and OVE) were perfused for glucocorticoid receptor (GR) immunocytochemistry in hippocampal CA1 neurons and paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Estradiol replacement decreased while LC lesions increased stress-induced corticosterone secretion. The effect of LC lesion was potentiated with the removal of ovarian steroids. Since GR expression of lesioned animals decreased in the hippocampus, but not in PVN, we suggest that the effect of LC lesion on corticosterone secretion could be due to a reduction in the efficiency of the negative feedback system in the CA1 neurons. However, this mechanism is not involved in the estradiol modulation on corticosteroid secretion, as no change in GR expression was observed in estradiol-treated animals.

Potential effect of sodium bicarbonate-containing dentifrice in controlling enamel erosion in situ

Purpose: To assess, by a crossover 2 x 2 in situ study, the speculated protective role of a sodium bicarbonate-containing toothpaste in controlling erosive lesions. Methods: Bovine enamel slabs were sterilized, and submitted to baseline Knoop microhardness measurements. After a 3-day lead-in period, 14 volunteers wore palatal acrylic appliances containing six enamel slabs (three on each side), for 4 consecutive days. On the first day, appliances with contained specimens were placed in the oral cavity to allow salivary pellicle formation. On the subsequent days, half of the enamel slabs were immersed extraorally in a lemonade-like soft drink for 90 seconds, twice daily. On both of these occasions, the appliance was dipped in toothpaste slurry of either a sodium bicarbonate-containing toothpaste or a regular counterpart for 60 seconds. Following a 3-day washout period, a new set of enamel slabs were mounted and the volunteers started the second period using the alternate dentifrice. Results: ANOVA (alpha = 0.05) showed no statistically significant difference between enamel treated with regular and sodium bicarbonate-based dentifrices, regardless of whether specimens were eroded or not (P=0.8430). Acid-challenged specimens revealed lower microhardness values than uneroded samples. (Am J Dent 2008;21:300-302).

Sistema de registro eletr??nico de ponto

O Sistema de Registro Eletr??nico de Ponto (SREP) representou um importante avan??o nos instrumentos de prote????o e seguran??a dos trabalhadores e empresas que utilizam o ponto eletr??nico, por coibir fraudes de altera????o dos hor??rios efetivamente registrados, de supress??o ou de impedimento na marca????o de horas extras. Ap??s investiga????o das modalidades de fraudes e dos sistemas que propiciavam as adultera????es, a equipe t??cnica do Minist??rio do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE) desenvolveu o modelo de regulamenta????o, consolidado na Portaria n?? 1.510/2009, que garante as marca????es dos hor??rios de jornada de trabalho sem possibilidade de adultera????o. O SREP ?? composto de um hardware e um software. O hardware, Registrador Eletr??nico de Ponto (REP), preserva as marca????es de ponto e fornece ao trabalhador o seu comprovante. O software opera nos computadores das empresas, permitindo o tratamento seguro dos dados para pagamento das horas trabalhadas. S?? em 2010, o SREP recuperou uma sonega????o de R$ 1,5 bilh??o em sal??rios e R$ 446,6 milh??es em contribui????es previdenci??rias e Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Servi??o (FGTS)

Sistema georreferenciado de monitoramento e apoio ?? decis??o da Presid??ncia da Rep??blica (Geo/PR)

Trata-se de um sistema desenvolvido para integrar informa????es em base georreferenciada e textual de diversos ??rg??os p??blicos, a fim de possibilitar an??lises gerenciais, a atua????o estrat??gica e a decis??o ministerial sobre a concess??o de ato de assentimento pr??vio, de acordo com a Lei no 6.634/79. Ao possibilitar o cruzamento de informa????es de diversos bancos de dados, em raz??o da especialidade do Gabinete de Seguran??a Institucional da Presid??ncia da Rep??blica (GSI/PR), o sistema oportuniza o diagn??stico de incongru??ncias e conflitos de atividades entre ??rg??os da Administra????o P??blica Federal indireta e o indicativo da situa????o fundi??ria do Pa??s, tanto no aspecto territorial quanto no da riqueza mineral e respectivos interessados em sua explora????o. O sistema permite que os bancos ???conversem entre si???, o que o torna um marco na hist??ria da gest??o p??blica federal, por possibilitar o conhecimento do nosso territ??rio em tempo real, com informa????es confi??veis, precisas e amig??veis geradas em banco de dados textuais associados a uma base cartogr??fica digital composta por mapas digitalizados, fotografias a??reas e imagens de sat??lites

Planejamento estrat??gico: contribui????o para o desempenho do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho

O presente estudo investiga em que medida o planejamento estrat??gico do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho contribuiu para o desempenho jurisdicional da Corte, em particular, no tocante ao n??mero de processos solucionados e ao prazo m??dio de tramita????o do processo na Corte. Para tanto, a pesquisa obedeceu ?? metodologia quantitativa, mediante a ado????o da t??cnica n??o param??trica da An??lise Envolt??ria de Dados ??? DEA. Tr??s cen??rios foram analisados, definidos de acordo com os inputs e outpts previamente eleitos. No cen??rio I, no per??odo de 2007 a 2012, o Tribunal Superior do Trabalho atingiu o score de 100% (cem por cento) nos anos de 2007, 2008, 2009 e 2012, ou seja, esses foram os anos em que a Corte alcan??ou os melhores resultados, considerados os inputs utilizados no processo produtivo (fatores de produ????o). Ressalta-se o fato de que os anos 2007, 2008 e 2009 s??o anteriores ?? implanta????o do planejamento estrat??gico no Tribunal. Por sua vez, nos cen??rios II e III, o score de 100% (cem por cento) foi atingido pela Corte nos anos de 2008, 2009 e 2012. Os cen??rios investigados revelaram que os anos anteriores ?? ado????o do planejamento estrat??gico, ?? exce????o de 2012, foram os de maior efici??ncia da Corte, sobretudo os anos de 2008 e 2009, que apresentaram score de 100% nas tr??s conjunturas. Diante desse desfecho, se, por um lado, n??o foi poss??vel relacionar a implanta????o do planejamento estrat??gico com o aumento da efici??ncia do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho, de outra parte, n??o se pode concluir, peremptoriamente, que n??o influenciou no rendimento. Prova disso, foi o ano de 2012, que se mostrou entre os de maior efici??ncia do TST, nos tr??s cen??rios. A pesquisa, portanto, resultou inconclusiva, possivelmente em virtude do pouco tempo de implanta????o do planejamento estrat??gico na Corte, que n??o permitiu a realiza????o da an??lise considerando-se um lapso temporal mais dilatado

Democracia, direito e gest??o p??blica: textos para discuss??o

O quinto volume da s??rie Inova????o na Gest??o P??blica apresenta uma colet??nea de oito textos produzidos no contexto do Projeto Ciclos de Debates Direito e Gest??o P??blica, lan??ado em 2009, por meio da ent??o Secretaria de Gest??o e da Consultoria Jur??dica do Minist??rio do Planejamento, Or??amento e Gest??o, em parceria com a Associa????o Nacional dos Procuradores da Rep??blica, apoiada pelo Minist??rio P??blico Federal. O projeto promove o debate entre profissionais das diversas ??reas do conhecimento e experi??ncia, do setor p??blico e da sociedade, dando oportunidade ao confronto de conceitos e entendimento acerca da democracia, do direito e da gest??o p??blica. Os oito textos que constam na publica????o abordam variados temas. O primeiro desenvolve uma tese geral sobre a fun????o das atividades de consultoria jur??dica desempenhadas pela Advocacia de Estado no ??mbito da administra????o p??blica, com destaque para os contextos brasileiro e italiano. O segundo demonstra o processo de apropria????o da Constitui????o operado pela comunidade jur??dica e, sobretudo, pelos ??rg??os da Justi??a. Enquanto o terceiro texto aborda a a????o executiva do Estado na ??rea social, por meio do estabelecimento de v??nculos de coopera????o entre a Administra????o P??blica Direta e Indireta e entidades civis sem fins lucrativos. O quarto texto, por sua vez, apresenta o controle da legalidade dos atos do Poder Executivo e a realiza????o dos servi??os p??blicos, com destaque para o papel da advocacia p??blica em face da judicializa????o das decis??es administrativas. O quinto consiste na apresenta????o das tend??ncias recentes e quest??es em aberto sobre a ocupa????o no setor p??blico brasileiro, J?? o sexto trata da coopera????o internacional no contexto da inova????o e melhoria da gest??o p??blica. O s??timo apresenta a atual estrat??gia brasileira de inova????o dos modelos e instrumentos de gest??o p??blica. E o ??ltimo texto, o oitavo, encerra com o retrato hist??rico da previd??ncia social do servidor p??blico, desde a promulga????o da Constitui????o Federal de 1988 at?? a cria????o da Funda????o de Previd??ncia Complementar do Servidor P??blico Federal ??? Funpresp

Curso de monitoramento tem??tico do PPA 2012-2015 e acompanhamento or??ament??rio 2013

O curso teve como ementa: apresentar conceitos b??sicos de Monitoramento e Avalia????o; a evolu????o hist??rica da metodologia de monitoramento e avalia????o dos PPAs: 2000-2003; 2004-2007; e 2008-2011; o Monitoramento das Agendas Estrat??gicas de Governo; o monitoramento e avalia????o do PPA 2012-2015: metodologia, concep????o de monitoramento e avalia????o, e suporte informatizado (SIOP); o monitoramento das prioridades da Presid??ncia, dos programas tem??ticos, incluindo os indicadores, os objetivos e as metas do plano; a proposta de monitoramento participativo do PPA 2012-2015, por meio da rela????o do governo com o F??rum Interconselhos de pol??ticas p??blicas; e o acompanhamento das a????es e os fundamentos dos planos or??ament??rios (PO) do Or??amento de 2013

Planejamento estrat??gico governamental em contexto democr??tico: li????es da Am??rica Latina

Livro sobre Planejamento Estrat??gico, decorrente de curso do mesmo nome, realizado na ENAP em 2013, em parceria com o Centro Latino Americano de Administra????o para o Desenvolvimento (CLAD)

Disciplina 4.2: planejamento estrat??gico governamental

Apresenta????o geral e discuss??o bibliogr??fica. Conceitos e tipos de planejamento. O pensamento complexo aplicado ?? gest??o governamental contempor??nea. O planejamento estrat??gico p??blico como ferramenta de implementa????o e gest??o de pol??ticas p??blicas. Os desafios e os atributos do planejamento governamental de longo prazo. Fun????es Cl??ssicas e Contempor??neas de Estado: arranjos institucionais-burocr??ticos, origem e perfil das pol??ticas p??blicas federais brasileiras. Planejamento Governamental e Gest??o P??blica no Brasil: hist??ria (s??culo XX) e contemporaneidade (s??culo XXI); Circuito Planejamento (formula????o, decis??o), Gest??o (monitoramento, desempenho, avalia????o), Controle (interno: m??todo CGU; externo: m??todo TCU), Participa????o (engajamento, avalia????o e controle social); Planejamento governamental e a estrat??gia de desenvolvimento brasileiro. A import??ncia da leitura dos atores para a viabilidade pol??tica da agenda governamental (Prof. A. Lassance): distin????o entre institui????es, organiza????es e atores; o que s??o os atores, como encontr??-los e como entender suas posi????es nos subsistemas de pol??ticas p??blicas; o poder de iniciativa, poder de agenda e agenda: tr??s coisas muito diferentes; m??todos para a leitura dos atores e an??lise da agenda pol??tica; t??cnicas, rotinas e sistem??ticas de varredura de temas e atores

Disciplina 4.4: m??todos de planejamento aplicados ao desenho de programas

Apresenta????o geral e discuss??o bibliogr??fica. Alternativas metodol??gicas para desenho de programas. Principais caracter??sticas e conceitos do PES (Planejamento Estrat??gico Situacional) e do ZOPP (Planejamento de Projetos Orientado por Objetivos). O processamento de problemas. A metodologia do Modelo L??gico IPEA e sua utiliza????o como ferramenta auxiliar na sistematiza????o dos trabalhos de monitoramento e avalia????o de programas governamentais