O TRÁGICO EM MACHADO DE ASSIS: ANÁLISE DO CONTO SINGULAR OCORRÊNCIA

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a presença do trágico, definido como realidade não-interpretável, no conto Singular Ocorrência, do escritor brasileiro Machado de Assis. Partindo de referências bibliográficas calcadas em Clemént Rosset e Nietzsche, a análise fenomenológica procura descrever o enredo do conto e os nós que tornam a narrativa um exemplo de ocorrência não interpretável, portanto, sua constituição trágica.  

CARNAVALIZAÇÃO EM MACHADO DE ASSIS: O CONTO ENTRE SANTOS

Este artigo apresenta uma breve reflexão teórica sobre a concepção de carnavalização da literatura - de acordo com a teoria bakhtiniana - segundo a qual, o carnaval - não sendo um fenômeno literário, mas um espetáculo ritualístico - pode ter seus conceitos transferidos, através de imagens sensoriais, para a literatura. Analisa o conto Entre santos (1996), de Machado de Assis, cujas características remetem a singularidades dos gêneros literários da Antigüidade clássica, como o sério-cômico, que está impregnado de uma profunda cosmovisão carnavalesca, fazendo com que o objeto elevado, no caso a Igreja católica, seja desmascarado, aterrissado, mostrando uma opção ideológica do autor.

LITERATURA E MERCADO: OS CONTOS DE MACHADO DE ASSIS E O MERCADO DOS BENS CULTURAIS

Com base nos pressupostos teóricos que orientam a análise da interação entre criação artística e mercado cultural, este trabalho propõe analisar as condições da produção literária vinculada à imprensa periódica e ao contexto cultural brasileiro do século XIX. O interesse desse exame está na importância de se recuperar as condições de enunciação literária que eram oferecidas a Machado de Assis nos diversos contextos de produção em que esteve inserido (livro, revistas e jornais).

DIALÉTICA POLIFÔNICA EM A CARTOMANTE, DE MACHADO DE ASSIS

Dialética Polifônica em A Cartomante , de Machado de Assis, é um estudo sobre polifonia e dialogismo, que tem como base teoria Mikhail Bakhtin e a analise do Discurso. Neste artigo analisamos a relação das personagens Rita e Camilo em oposição com a personagem da cartomante. Esta, representa o mundo profano e marginal e aquelas, o mundo aristocrático e instituído socialmente. Nesta relação, temos o cruzamento destes dois mundos, que coexistem mutuamente, ainda que às escondidas. Neste trabalho, fazemos, pois, a análise das diversas vozes existentes no conto e principalmente a voz da cartomante, que embora pertença ao mundo profano, dita o comportamento daqueles que pertencem à sociedade aristocrática.

DA FINITUDE DE UM MUNDO: O ALIENISTA DE MACHADO DE ASSIS COMO METACONTO

A partir da hipótese de um outro lado do riso num dos mais populares contos de Machado de Assis, O alienista, observa-se o carácter metaficcional da narrativa, analisando as implicações poético-retóricas, a começar pela questão genológica, e ainda as implicações de ordem científica, filosófica e ideológica. Através do riso e da sua incomparável capacidade de análise das situações humanas, Machado devasta o paradigma positivista autoritário, que lhe era contemporâneo, permitindo ao seu leitor de ontem e de hoje a percepção da vertente construtiva e da falibilidade dos sistemas. Uma espécie de pós-modernismo pré-moderno, um clamor à constatação do plural do mundo, para além das fronteiras da Casa Verde, metáfora da repressão em largo espectro.

TEMPO E CONFLITO EM VIAGEM AOS SEIOS DE DUÍLIA, DE ANÍBAL MACHADO

This work aims to analyze how the formal elements of the tale Viagem aos seios de Duília, by Aníbal Machado, converges to the disclosure of conflict introduced inside the protagonist, that is because of his awareness of misfit between he and the present time. The degradation of spatial elements does be revealed in narrative the consciousness about the irreversibility of time – fact that is experienced by the protagonist as a conflict of existential order, insofar it shows him what he refuses to see: the huge misfit between their beliefs and expectations and the external reality. The inexorability of time progression toward the total destruction of everything that is alive becomes for the character the tyranny of time; in continuous and constant war with this, trying to deny their relentless effects, the character find, however, only suffering, anguish and defeat this illusory endeavor. Nothing can endure: neither the man nor his dreams, nor their hopes, not even their illusions.

A CASA DA FLÂMULA AZUL OU OS PARADOXOS DA MODERNIDADE NA OBRA DE MACHADO DE ASSIS

Utilizando o conceito de modernidade de Marshal Berman, o presente estudo procura demonstrar como a obra romanesca de Machado de Assis como um todo (sem a divisão de primeira e segunda fases) pode ser analisada sob a ótica da evolução e dos paradoxos da sociedade moderna brasileira do século XIX. O ponto de partida desta aproximação entre as distintas fases de sua romanesca e a interpretação de Berman é a casa da flâmula azul, presente em Helena – onde mora um homem digno, inteligente porém pobre, um homem que simboliza a outra face da modernidade tal qual o par de olhos dos pobres em Baudelaire – e vai até o sofrimento do casal Aguiar no final de Memorial de Aires, quando Machado não encontra mais nas promessas da modernidade justificativa para estas pequenas tragédias.

MACHADO DE ASSIS: THE READER, THE CRITIC AND THE SPECTATOR OF THEATER

This text is a review about João Roberto Faria’s book, Machado de Assis: do teatro, published by Perspectiva in 2008. Our aim with this review is to discuss the referred book observing relevant aspects of the text, which establishes a discussion about Machado de Assis as a theatre critic and shows a reunion of theatre critics that he wrote during his career.

Exploring Rhythmic Automata

The use of Cellular Automata (CA) for musical purposes has a rich history. In general the mapping of CA states to note-level music representations has focused on pitch mapping and downplayed rhythm. This paper reports experiments in the application of one-dimensional cellular automata to the generation and evolution of rhythmic patterns. A selection of CA tendencies are identified that can be used as compositional tools to control the rhythmic coherence of monophonic passages and the polyphonic texture of musical works in broad-brush, rather than precisely deterministic, ways. This will provide the composer and researcher with a clearer understanding of the useful application of CAs for generative music.

Phenotyping cotton ovule fibre initiation with spatial statistics

Yield in cultivated cotton (Gossypium spp.) is affected by the number and distribution of fibres initiated on the seed surface but, apart from simple statistical summaries, little has been done to assess this phenotype quantitatively. Here we use two types of spatial statistics to describe and quantify differences in patterning of cotton ovule fibre initials (FI). The following five different species of Gossypium were analysed: G. hirsutum L., G. barbadense L., G. arboreum, G. raimondii Ulbrich. and G. trilobum (DC.) Skovsted. Scanning electron micrographs of FIs were taken on the day of anthesis. Cell centres for fibre and epidermal cells were digitised and analysed by spatial statistics methods appropriate for marked point processes and tessellations. Results were consistent with previously published reports of fibre number and spacing. However, it was shown that the spatial distributions of FIs in all of species examined exhibit regularity, and are not completely random as previously implied. The regular arrangement indicates FIs do not appear independently of each other and we surmise there may be some form of mutual inhibition specifying fibre-initial development. It is concluded that genetic control of FIs differs from that of stomata, another well studied plant idioblast. Since spatial statistics show clear species differences in the distribution of FIs within this genus, they provide a useful method for phenotyping cotton. © CSIRO 2007.

Numerical treatment of a two-dimensional variable-order fractional nonlinear reaction-diffusion model

A two-dimensional variable-order fractional nonlinear reaction-diffusion model is considered. A second-order spatial accurate semi-implicit alternating direction method for a two-dimensional variable-order fractional nonlinear reaction-diffusion model is proposed. Stability and convergence of the semi-implicit alternating direct method are established. Finally, some numerical examples are given to support our theoretical analysis. These numerical techniques can be used to simulate a two-dimensional variable order fractional FitzHugh-Nagumo model in a rectangular domain. This type of model can be used to describe how electrical currents flow through the heart, controlling its contractions, and are used to ascertain the effects of certain drugs designed to treat arrhythmia.

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Background The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution. Methods Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk–outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990–2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol. Findings All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8–58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1–43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5–89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa. Interpretation Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.

Fractional damping: Stochastic origin and finite approximations

Fractional-order derivatives appear in various engineering applications including models for viscoelastic damping. Damping behavior of materials, if modeled using linear, constant coefficient differential equations, cannot include the long memory that fractional-order derivatives require. However, sufficiently great rnicrostructural disorder can lead, statistically, to macroscopic behavior well approximated by fractional order derivatives. The idea has appeared in the physics literature, but may interest an engineering audience. This idea in turn leads to an infinite-dimensional system without memory; a routine Galerkin projection on that infinite-dimensional system leads to a finite dimensional system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) (integer order) that matches the fractional-order behavior over user-specifiable, but finite, frequency ranges. For extreme frequencies (small or large), the approximation is poor. This is unavoidable, and users interested in such extremes or in the fundamental aspects of true fractional derivatives must take note of it. However, mismatch in extreme frequencies outside the range of interest for a particular model of a real material may have little engineering impact.

Charge transport properties of water dispersible multiwall carbon nanotube-polyaniline composites

The transmission electron microscopy images of in situ prepared multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)and polyaniline (PANI) composites show that nanotubes are well dispersed in aqueous medium, and the nanofibers of PANI facilitate intertube transport. Although low temperature transport indicates variable range hopping (VRH) mechanism, the dc and ac conductivity become temperature independent as the MWNT content increases. The onset frequency for the increase in conductivity is observed to be strongly dependent on the MWNT weight percent, and the ac conductivity can be scaled onto a master curve. The negative magnetoresistance is attributed to the forward interference scattering mechanism in VRH transport. (C) 2010 American.

Delamination and solvothermal decomposition of layered zinc hydroxysalt: Formation of bimodal zinc oxide nanostructures

Dodecylsulphate-intercalated zinc hydroxysalt, Zn-5(OH)(8)(DS)(2)center dot mH(2)O delaminates to give monolayer colloidal dispersions in alcohols such as 1-butanol and ethylene glycol. The extent of delamination and the stability of the colloidal dispersion are comparable to those of layered double hydroxides. The solvothermal decomposition of the colloidal dispersion of the hydroxysalt in ethylene glycol yields a bimodal ZnO having a nanotubular structure decorated with nanosheets. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.