Analyzing standard curves in the chemistry of waters used for aquaculture

A practical guide is given to help aquaculture researchers identify and correct common problems associated with the colorimetric analysis of water. Hints in making standard solutions, choosing standard concentrations for making a standard curve and making measurements are included. Various types of standard curves and some problems are outlined and details provided regarding the evaluation of standard curves.

Anisotropic expansion and SNIa: An open issue

We review the appropriateness of using SNIa observations to detect potential signatures of anisotropic expansion in the Universe. We focus on Union2 and SNLS3 SNIa datasets and use the hemispherical comparison method to detect possible anisotropic features. Unlike some previous works where nondiagonal elements of the covariance matrix were neglected, we use the full covariance matrix of the SNIa data, thus obtaining more realistic and not underestimated errors. As a matter of fact, the significance of previously claimed detections of a preferred direction in the Union2 dataset completely disappears once we include the effects of using the full covariance matrix. Moreover, we also find that such apreferred direction is aligned with the orthogonal direction of the SDSS observational plane and this suggests a clear indication that the SDSS subsample of the Union2 dataset introduces a significant bias, making the detected preferred direction unphysical. We thus find that current SNIa surveys are inappropriate to test anisotropic features due to their highly non-homogeneous angular distribution in the sky. In addition, after removal of the highest in homogeneous sub-samples, the number of SNIa is too low. Finally, we take advantage of the particular distribution of SNLS SNIa sub- sample in the SNLS3 data set, in which the observations were taken along four different directions. We fit each direction independently and find consistent results at the 1 sigma level. Although the likelihoods peak at relatively different values of Omega(m), the low number of data along each direction gives rise to large errors so that the likelihoods are sufficiently broad as to overlap within 1 sigma. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Avaliação de ligações entre vigas de perfil I ou H e colunas em perfis tubulares circulares.

Considerando uma nova realidade com o incremento do uso de perfis tubulares, este trabalho apresenta uma análise de ligações soldadas tipo T com perfis tubulares circulares (CHS) para a coluna e perfil I ou H para a viga com flexão no plano, efetuado com base nas normas EC3, CIDECT e a NBR 16239 comparando com o critério de deformação limite, proposto por Lu et al., através de um modelo em elementos finitos desenvolvido no programa Ansys versão 12.0. A não-linearidade geométrica foi introduzida no modelo através da Formulação de Lagrange Atualizado. Com base nos resultados numéricos avaliados foram traçadas curvas momento-rotação para cada modelo com o objetivo de obter o momento resistente de cada ligação bem como a classificação da ligação quanto a capacidade de rotação, a influência dos parâmetros geométricos em cada modelo e o modo de falha que controlará o dimensionamento da ligação.