COMPARISONS OF THE INTERSTELLAR MAGNETIC FIELD DIRECTIONS OBTAINED FROM THE IBEX RIBBON AND INTERSTELLAR POLARIZATIONS

Variations in the spatial configuration of the interstellar magnetic field (ISMF) near the Sun can be constrained by comparing the ISMF direction at the heliosphere found from the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) spacecraft observations of a ""Ribbon"" of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs), with the ISMF direction derived from optical polarization data for stars within similar to 40 pc. Using interstellar polarization observations toward similar to 30 nearby stars within similar to 90 degrees of the heliosphere nose, we find that the best fits to the polarization position angles are obtained for a magnetic pole directed toward ecliptic coordinates of lambda, beta similar to 263 degrees, 37 degrees (or galactic coordinates of l, b similar to 38 degrees, 23 degrees), with uncertainties of +/- 35 degrees based on the broad minimum of the best fits and the range of data quality. This magnetic pole is 33 degrees from the magnetic pole that is defined by the center of the arc of the ENA Ribbon. The IBEX ENA ribbon is seen in sight lines that are perpendicular to the ISMF as it drapes over the heliosphere. The similarity of the polarization and Ribbon directions for the local ISMF suggests that the local field is coherent over scale sizes of tens of parsecs. The ISMF vector direction is nearly perpendicular to the flow of local interstellar material (ISM) through the local standard of rest, supporting a possible local ISM origin related to an evolved expanding magnetized shell. The local ISMF direction is found to have a curious geometry with respect to the cosmic microwave background dipole moment.

Endogenous-like orienting of visual attention in rats

This study investigated the orienting of visual attention in rats using a 3-hole nose-poke task analogous to Posner, Information processing in cognition: the Loyola Symposium, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, (1980) covert attention task for humans. The effects of non-predictive (50% valid and 50% invalid) and predictive (80% valid and 20% invalid) peripheral visual cues on reaction times and response accuracy to a target stimulus, using Stimuli-Onset Asynchronies (SOAs) varying between 200 and 1,200 ms, were investigated. The results showed shorter reaction times in valid trials relative to invalid trials for both subjects trained in the non-predictive and predictive conditions, particularly when the SOAs were 200 and 400 ms. However, the magnitude of this validity effect was significantly greater for subjects exposed to predictive cues, when the SOA was 800 ms. Subjects exposed to invalid predictive cues exhibited an increase in omission errors relative to subjects exposed to invalid non-predictive cues. In contrast, valid cues reduced the proportion of omission errors for subjects trained in the predictive condition relative to subjects trained in the non-predictive condition. These results are congruent with those usually reported for humans and indicate that, in addition to the exogenous capture of attention promoted by both predictive and non-predictive peripheral cues, rats exposed to predictive cues engaged an additional slower process equivalent to human`s endogenous orienting of attention. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an endogenous-like process of covert orienting of visual attention in rats.

A Rare Case of Trisomy 15pter-q21.2 Due to a De Novo Marker Chromosome

Supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) may or may not be associated with an abnormal phenotype, depending on the presence of euchromatin, on their chromosomal origin and whether they are inherited. Over 80% of sSMCs are derived from acrocentric chromosomes and half of them include the short arm of chromosome 15. Generally, they appear as bisatellited isodicentric marker chromosomes, most of them are symmetric. These chromosomes are normally originated de novo and are associated with mild to severe intellectual disability but not with physical abnormalities. We report on a patient with an SMC studied using classical and molecular cytogenetic procedures (G and C banding, NOR staining, painting and centromeric fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), BAC-FISH, and SKY). The MLPA technique and DNA polymorphic markers were used in order to identify its parental origin. The marker chromosome, monosatellited and monocentric, was found to be derived from a maternal chromosome 15 and was defined as 15pter-q21.2. This is the report of the largest de novo monosatellited 15q marker chromosome ever published presenting detailed cytogenetic and clinical data. It was associated with a phenotype including cardiac defect, absence of septum pellucidum, and dysplasia of the corpus callosum. (C) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Clinical and molecular delineation of the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome

Background: The chromosome 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome is a novel genomic disorder that has originally been identified using high resolution genome analyses in patients with unexplained mental retardation. Aim: We report the molecular and/or clinical characterisation of 22 individuals with the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome. Results: We estimate the prevalence of the syndrome to be 1 in 16 000 and show that it is highly underdiagnosed. Extensive clinical examination reveals that developmental delay, hypotonia, facial dysmorphisms including a long face, a tubular or pear-shaped nose and a bulbous nasal tip, and a friendly/amiable behaviour are the most characteristic features. Other clinically important features include epilepsy, heart defects and kidney/urologic anomalies. Using high resolution oligonucleotide arrays we narrow the 17q21.31 critical region to a 424 kb genomic segment (chr17: 41046729-41470954, hg17) encompassing at least six genes, among which is the gene encoding microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT). Mutation screening of MAPT in 122 individuals with a phenotype suggestive of 17q21.31 deletion carriers, but who do not carry the recurrent deletion, failed to identify any disease associated variants. In five deletion carriers we identify a <500 bp rearrangement hotspot at the proximal breakpoint contained within an L2 LINE motif and show that in every case examined the parent originating the deletion carries a common 900 kb 17q21.31 inversion polymorphism, indicating that this inversion is a necessary factor for deletion to occur (p< 10(25)). Conclusion: Our data establish the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome as a clinically and molecularly well recognisable genomic disorder.

Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of a pre-Columbian funerary gold mask from the Museum of Sican, Peru

A funerary gold mask from the Museum of Sican, Ferranafe, Peru was analyzed in 30 different areas using a portable equipment using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. It was deduced from the measurements that the main sheet of the mask and the majority of the pendants have a similar composition and are made of tumbaga, which means a poor gold alloy enriched at the surface by depletion gilding, and have a similar `equivalent` gilding thickness of about 5 mu m. The nose, also on tumbaga, has different composition and a thickness of about 8 mu m. The clamps are on gilded or on silvered copper. The red pigment dispersed on the surface of the mask is cinnabar. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Optical VOCs detection using poly(3-alkylthiophenes) with different side-chain lengths

The use of conjugated polymers in the gas and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detections represents an advance in the development of the electronic noses. Polythiophenes show good thermal and environmental stability, are easily synthesized and they have been studied as gas and VOCs sensors using different principles or transduction techniques. Among these techniques, optical sensing has been attracted attention, mainly due to its versatility. However, conjugated polymer-based optical sensors are still less studied. This paper describes the use of two poly(3-alkylthiophenes) for VOCs optical detection. The sensing measurements were carried out using visible spectroscopy. Both polymers showed good sensitivity to the VOCs, showing fast and reversible responses with some hysteresis, and were unable to detect hydroxylated samples. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the thickness of polymer films influences the intensity of the optical response. Although there is similarity in the superficial composition of the polymers films, demonstrated by their surface energies, they showed significant differences in their optical properties upon exposure to the VOCs. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hematoporphyrin-based photodynamic therapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in cats

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a haematoporphyrin derivative (Photogem (R), General Physics Institute and clustes Ltda) as photosensitizer and light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light source was evaluated in 12 cats with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Lesions were illuminated with LEDs, (300 J/cm for 30 min) 24 h after the administration of the photosensitizer. Clinical responses were classified as complete disappearance of the tumour with total re-epithelialization; partial response (a reduction greater than 50%); and no response (less than 50% reduction). Tumours localized to the pinna treated with one (n = 3) or two (n = 4) applications of PDT yielded no response. Highly invasive tumours of the nose and nasal planum also showed no response, after two treatments (n = 2). A combination of PDT and surgery was performed in three cases. Two cats showed partial response and one complete response with one application of therapy 30 days after nasal surgery. Small and noninfiltrative lesions (n = 3) of the nasal planum showed a PR with one application (n = 2) and a CR with two applications (n = 1). This study shows that PDT using Photogem (R) and LEDs can provide local control of low-grade feline squamous cell carcinoma. The addition of PDT to surgery in more invasive cases may help prevent recurrence.

Cytological Characterization of YpsB, a Novel Component of the Bacillus subtilis Divisome

Cell division in bacteria is carried out by an elaborate molecular machine composed of more than a dozen proteins and known as the divisome. Here we describe the characterization of a new divisome protein in Bacillus subtilis called YpsB. Sequence comparisons and phylogentic analysis demonstrated that YpsB is a paralog of the division site selection protein DivIVA. YpsB is present in several gram-positive bacteria and likely originated from the duplication of a DivIVA-like gene in the last common ancestor of bacteria of the orders Bacillales and Lactobacillales. We used green fluorescent protein microscopy to determine that YpsB localizes to the divisome. Similarly to that for DivIVA, the recruitment of YpsB to the divisome requires late division proteins and occurs significantly after Z-ring formation. In contrast to DivIVA, however, YpsB is not retained at the newly formed cell poles after septation. Deletion analysis suggests that the N terminus of YpsB is required to target the protein to the divisome. The high similarity between the N termini of YpsB and DivIVA suggests that the same region is involved in the targeting of DivIVA. YpsB is not essential for septum formation and does not appear to play a role in septum positioning. However, a ypsB deletion has a synthetic effect when combined with a mutation in the cell division gene ftsA. Thus, we conclude that YpsB is a novel B. subtilis cell division protein whose function has diverged from that of its paralog DivIVA.

Short terms effects of air pollution from biomass burning in mucociliary clearance of Brazilian sugarcane cutters

Nasal mucociliary system is the first line of defense of the upper airways and may be affected acutely by exposure to particulate matter (PM) from biomass burning. Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a consistent association between levels of air pollution from biomass burning with increases in hospitalization for respiratory diseases and mortality. To determine the acute effects of exposure to particulate matter from biomass burning in nasal mucociliary transport by saccharin transit time (STT) test, we studied thirty-three non-smokers and twelve light smokers sugarcane cutters in two periods: pre-harvest season and 4 h after harvest at the first day after biomass burning. Lung function, exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), nasal symptoms questionnaire and mucociliary clearance (MC) were assessed. Exhaled CO was increased in smokers compared to non-smokers but did not change significantly after harvest. In contrast, SIT was similar between smokers and non-smokers and decreased significantly after harvest in both groups (p < 0.001). Exposure to PM from biomass burning did not influence nasal symptoms. Our results suggest that acute exposure to particulate matter from sugarcane burned affects mucociliary clearance in smokers and non-smokers workers in the absence of symptoms. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Influence of Gender and Facial Appearance on Voting Practices

Women’s faces tend to naturally retain more neonate features than men. These features, such as a greater eye height, a smaller nose area, and a wider smile, would cause women to have more immature faces than males. Interestingly, women who have these facial features are often perceived as more attractive than women with mature facial features. These findings imply that women would be judged less competent than men, and that immature-faced women would be perceived as less competent and more attractive than mature-faced females. Given the direction of political leadership in our country, this has interesting implications for females that are vying for leadership positions. Thus, our study examined the effects of both candidate gender and facial features on voting likelihood, and perceptions of attractiveness and competence, by pairing pictures with neutral party platforms.

Recurso ordinário no processo no trabalho

Os recursos são os rémedios mais utilizados para impugnar decisões judiciais, que nada mais é que o direito ao duplo grau de jurisdição, onde o ser humano nãose conformando com a decisão proferida pelo juiz de primeira instância, tem direito a um reexame por uma segunda instância.Cabe recurso ordinário, primeiramente das decisões definitivas em que se extingue o processo com julgamento do mérito e, ainda das decisões terminativas que se extingue o processo sem julgamento do mérito.É pressuposto para interposição de recurso o pagamento de custas que deverá ser efetuado pela parte vencida.A reclamada deverá fazer o depóssito recursal se desejar recorrer, ainda o prazo para interposição de recurso ordinário no processo trabalhista é muito semelhante a apelação no processo civil.

Medidas de estruturas cardíacas fetais através de imagens ecocardiográficas segmentadas

O presente trabalho implementa um método computacional semi-automático para obter medidas de estruturas cardíacas de fetos humanos através do processamento de imagens de ultra-som. Essas imagens são utilizadas na avaliação cardíaca pré-natal, permitindo que os médicos diagnostiquem problemas antes mesmo do nascimento. A dissertação é parte de um projeto desenvolvido no Instituto de Informática da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, denominado SEGIME (Segmentação de Imagens Médicas). Neste projeto, está sendo desenvolvida uma ferramenta computacional para auxiliar na análise de exames ecocardiográficos fetais com o apoio da equipe de Cardiologia Fetal do Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul. O processamento de cada imagem é realizado por etapas, divididas em: aquisição, pré-processamento, segmentação e obtenção das medidas. A aquisição das imagens é realizada por especialistas do Instituto de Cardiologia. No pré-processamento, é extraída a região de interesse para a obtenção das medidas e a imagem é filtrada para a extração do ruído característico das imagens de ultra-som. A segmentação das imagens é realizada através de redes neurais artificiais, sendo que a rede neural utilizada é conhecida como Mapa Auto-organizável de Kohonen. Ao final do processo de segmentação, a imagem está pronta para a obtenção das medidas. A técnica desenvolvida nesta dissertação para obtenção das medidas foi baseada nos exames realizados pelos especialistas na extração manual de medidas. Essa técnica consiste na análise da linha referente à estrutura de interesse onde serão detectadas as bordas. Para o início das medidas, é necessário que o usuário indique o ponto inicial sobre uma borda da estrutura. Depois de encontradas as bordas, através da análise da linha, a medida é definida pela soma dos pixels entre os dois pontos de bordas. Foram realizados testes com quatro estruturas cardíacas fetais: a espessura do septo interventricular, o diâmetro do ventrículo esquerdo, a excursão do septum primum para o interior do átrio esquerdo e o diâmetro do átrio esquerdo. Os resultados obtidos pelo método foram avaliados através da comparação com resultados de referência obtidos por especialistas. Nessa avaliação observou-se que a variação foi regular e dentro dos limites aceitáveis, normalmente obtida como variação entre especialistas. Desta forma, um médico não especializado em cardiologia fetal poderia usar esses resultados em um diagnóstico preliminar.

Expressão gênica de bcl2, receptor de estradiol e receptores de progesterona A e B em endométrio eutópico e ectópico de pacientes inférteis sem e com endometriose

A endometriose caracteriza-se pela presença de tecido endometriótico – glândulas e estroma – fora da cavidade uterina. A doença acomete superfícies peritoniais da pélvis, ovários e septo rectovaginal, sendo mais comum a endometriose pélvica. Embora os dados sobre a prevalência exata de endometriose sejam incertos, as evidências indicam uma prevalência em torno de 5 a 10% das mulheres em idade reprodutiva. Dor, dismenorréia, dispareunia e infertilidade são sintomas freqüentes da doença. Além de apresentar dependência aos hormônios sexuais, a endometriose está associada a um conjunto de desordens de diferentes etiologias, sendo considerada uma doença multifatorial de caráter genético e imune. Neste sentido, a carência de respostas imunológicas adequadas, aliada a um provável desequilíbrio entre os processos de proliferação e apoptose celular, pode ter um papel importante na instalação e manutenção das lesões endometrióticas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a expressão de genes relacionados aos processos de proliferação e diferenciação celular em implantes endometrióticos e endométrio eutópico de mulheres inférteis sem e com endometriose, através da análise semiquantitativa por RT-PCR. Foram estudadas 34 pacientes consultando por infertilidade e submetidas à laparoscopia diagnóstica. Quinze pacientes (31,7 ± 1,5 anos) apresentavam endometriose e 19 (32,9 ± 0,9 anos) foram consideradas controles inférteis sem endometriose. Os dois grupos apresentaram IMC e SHBG similares. As biópsias de endométrio foram realizadas, em fase folicular, nas pacientes do grupo controle (C) e nas pacientes com endometriose (endométrio eutópico (EUT) e ectópico (ECT)). A presença do mRNA para os receptores de estrogênio e progesterona detectada nos 3 grupos estudados, sustenta a existência de sensibilidade tecidual local aos hormônios sexuais. Nas condições experimentais do presente estudo não foi observada diferença estatística na expressão gênica de bcl2 entre os grupos. A expressão do gene do ER endometrial também foi similar entre os grupos controle, eutópico e ectópico. Contudo, o endométrio ectópico apresentou níveis de mRNA mais elevados para PR-A (0,84  0,02 UA) em relação aos grupos controle e eutópico (0,60  0,04 UA e 0,63  0,04 UA; p < 0,05). A expressão gênica do PR-B não foi estatisticamente diferente entre os grupos do presente trabalho. Porém, houve forte correlação negativa entre a expressão dos genes bcl2 e PR-B nas amostras de endométrio sem e com endometriose (r = - 0,795 e p = 0,018), sugerindo que um papel anti-proliferativo do PR-B possa ser operativo neste modelo de estudo.

Preconceito e estereótipos relativos a cor, sexo e status

Esta pesquisa investiga os estereótipos positivos e/ou negativos, quando considerados como variáveis de cor, sexo status. O instrumento utilizado consistiu de oito desenhos estímulos, sendo quatro homens e quatro mulheres: homem branco de status alto (HBR), homem negro de status alto (HNR), homem branco de status baixo (HBP), homem negro de status baixo (HNP), mulher branca de status alto (MBR), mulher negra de status alto (MNR), mulher branca de status baixo (MBP) e mulher negra de status baixo (MNP), distribuídos equitativamente pela amostra, em um questionário com nove itens objetivos para pedir sobre o desenho estímulo, a distância social, a escolaridade, a posição hierárquica no trabalho, a ocupação desempenhada pelo estímulo e por seus pais para averiguar a mobilidade social, a classe sócio econômica e um item em aberto para apreender como a amostra percebe os estímulos. A amostra foi composta de 930 sujeitos: 482 de cor epidérmica e atributos físicos (boca, cabelos e sujeitos nariz) brancos e 448 sujeitos negros de cor epidérmica e atributos físicos negros, ou cor epidérmica branca e atributos físicos negros, ou cor epidérmica negra e atributos físicos brancos, atribuídos pelo experimentador. Estes mesmos sujeitos se auto classificaram como sendo 602 sujeitos "brancos" e 328 sujeitos negros. A hipótese básica testada foi: "Há estereótipos positivos e negativos relativos à cor, sexo e status." O único item que rejeitou a hip6tese nula básica, foi aquele sobre a ocupação desempenhada pelas figuras-estímulos onde as amostras brancas, atribuída pelo experimentador e autoclasificada, e negra autoclassificada corno branca, rejeitaram-na quanto às variáveis de sexo e status, sugerindo que os estereótipos aparecem de acordo com as ocupações atribuídas, quanto ao sexo e status das figuras-estímulos. As amostras negras, atribuída pelo experimentador e autoclassificada, rejeitaram-nas três variáveis, mostrando a influência da cor, sexo e status, separadamente, sobre o estereótipo medido através da ocupação atribuída aos estímulos, além da interação cor X status, sugerindo também a presença do estereótipo ocupacional, quando a cor se associa ao status dos desenhos. A amostra negra, atribuída pelo experimentador, rejeita-a, ainda, na interação cor X sexo X status parecendo existir discriminação quanto as ocupações dadas aos estímulas, quando estas três variáveis se associam. As amostras brancas, atribuída pelo experimentador e autoclassificada, apresentaram respostas ambíguas na maioria dos itens. As amostras negras, atribuída pelo experimentador e autoclassificada, não mostraram diferenças significativas entre as respostas, em parte dos itens. O critério ABIPEME expressou que ambas as amostras branca e negra, atribuídas pelo experimentador, apresentaram alta escolaridade e bom nível sócio-econômico. O número de mulheres era superior ao número de homens, embora homens e mulheres se equivalessem em ambas as amostras, o que sugere que mulheres brancas e negras e homens negros se com portaram de acordo com os valores culturais e dominantes, demonstrando auto-desvalorização e baixa auto-estima.

Efeitos de diferentes FiO2 sobre variáveis ecocardiográficas em cães submetidos à infusão contínua de propofol

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)