Introdução ao XBRL: nova linguagem para a divulgação de informações empresariais pela internet

O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as principais características de divulgação de informações financeiras pela Internet, por meio da linguagem eletrônica XBRL eXtensible Business Reporting Language. Foram estudados a sua trajetória, estado da arte, funcionalidades, principais locais de desenvolvimento, grupos de pesquisa, institutos envolvidos, eventos relacionados, taxonomia de sua estrutura, tendo como base a bibliografia sobre o tema.

A diversidade lingüística da internet como reação contra-hegemônica das tendências de centralização do império

A Internet nasceu nos EUA como variação de um projeto militar muito específico. No início, quase a totalidade da comunicação em rede era em língua inglesa, pois a maioria das pessoas envolvidas nos projetos provinha dos EUA, ou de comunidades científicas nas quais o inglês era língua franca. Com o aumento da utilização da Internet em diferentes países, a hegemonia do inglês passou a ser revista. Em 1998, o inglês já havia sofrido queda de 15% do seu total, devido principalmente à proliferação da rede e à produção de conteúdos locais nas línguas nacionais. O presente trabalho busca perceber quais são as causas do crescente aumento de línguas locais na produção da Internet e identificar as formas de reação contra-hegemônica empreendida pelo uso desta ferramenta como campo fértil para a produção e difusão de idéias, informações, conteúdos, conhecimentos e saberes.

Dépistage et intervention brève par internet pour la consommation d'alcool a risque: www.alcooquizz.ch [Web-based screening and brief intervention for unhealthy alcohol use: www.alcooquizz.ch].

Many individuals with unhealthy alcohol use have few or no contact with the health care system and are therefore unlikely to receive information or a brief intervention from a health care professional. Consequently, many Internet-based interventions have been developed. These interventions can reach a large population. We present in this report www.alcooquizz.ch, a website providing tailored feedback and information on alcohol use and its consequences. In six months and a half, more than 15000 individuals visited the website. It appropriately targets individuals with unhealthy alcohol use and users' satisfaction was high. Internet is a valuable option to provide health related information and secondary prevention interventions for unhealthy alcohol use.

Massornas politiska torgmöten eller de motiverades klubbar? En studie av medborgardiskussioner på Internet

Abstract: Political mass discussion or closed societies for the motivated? A study of citizens' discussion on the Internet

How important are interview methods and questionnaire designs in research on self-reported juvenile delinquency? An experimental comparison of internet vs. paper-and-pencil questionnaires and different definitions of the reference period

There has been relatively little change over recent decades in the methods used in research on self-reported delinquency. Face-to-face interviews and selfadministered interviews in the classroom are still the predominant alternatives envisaged. New methods have been brought into the picture by recent computer technology, the Internet, and an increasing availability of computer equipment and Internet access in schools. In the autumn of 2004, a controlled experiment was conducted with 1,203 students in Lausanne (Switzerland), where "paper-and-pencil" questionnaires were compared with computer-assisted interviews through the Internet. The experiment included a test of two different definitions of the (same) reference period. After the introductory question ("Did you ever..."), students were asked how many times they had done it (or experienced it), if ever, "over the last 12 months" or "since the October 2003 vacation". Few significant differences were found between the results obtained by the two methods and for the two definitions of the reference period, in the answers concerning victimisation, self-reported delinquency, drug use, failure to respond (missing data). Students were found to be more motivated to respond through the Internet, take less time for filling out the questionnaire, and were apparently more confident of privacy, while the school principals were less reluctant to allow classes to be interviewed through the Internet. The Internet method also involves considerable cost reductions, which is a critical advantage if self-reported delinquency surveys are to become a routinely applied method of evaluation, particularly so in countries with limited resources. On balance, the Internet may be instrumental in making research on self-reported delinquency far more feasible in situations where limited resources so far have prevented its implementation.

Controlled delivery of 5-chlorouracil using poly(ortho esters) in filtering surgery for glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the antimitotic and toxic effects of 5-chlorouracil (5-CU) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and study their potential to delay filtering bleb closure in the rabbit eye when released by poly(ortho esters) (POE). METHODS: Rabbit Tenon fibroblasts and human conjunctival cells were incubated with various 5-CU and 5-FU concentrations. Antiproliferative effects and toxicity were evaluated at 24 and 72 hours by monotetrazolium, neutral red, and Hoechst tests and cell counting. Mechanisms of cell death were evaluated using TUNEL assay, annexin V binding, immunohistochemistry for anti-apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and LEI/L-DNase II. Trabeculectomy was performed in pigmented rabbits. Two hundred microliters of POE loaded with 1% wt/wt 5-FU or 5-CU was injected into the subconjunctival space after surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and bleb persistence were monitored for 150 days. RESULTS: In vitro, 5-FU showed a higher antiproliferative effect and a more toxic effect than 5-CU. 5-FU induced cell necrosis, whereas 5-CU induced mostly apoptosis. The apoptosis induced by 5-CU was driven through a non-caspase-dependent pathway involving AIF and LEI/L-DNase II. In vivo, at 34 days after surgery, the mean IOP in the POE/5-CU-treated group was 83% of the baseline level and only 40% in the POE/5-FU-treated group. At 100 days after surgery, IOP was still decreased in the POE/5-CU group when compared with the controls and still inferior to the preoperative value. The mean long-term IOP, with all time points considered, was significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased in the POE/5-CU-treated group (6.0 +/- 2.4 mm Hg) when compared with both control groups, the trabeculectomy alone group (7.6 +/- 2.9 mm Hg), and the POE alone group (7.5 +/- 2.6 mm Hg). Histologic analysis showed evidence of functioning blebs in the POE-5-CU-treated eyes along with a preserved structure of the conjunctiva epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: The slow release of 5-CU from POE has a longstanding effect on the decrease of IOP after glaucoma-filtering surgery in the rabbit eye. Thus, the slow release of POE/5-CU may be beneficial for the prevention of bleb closure in patients who undergo complicated trabeculectomy.

Ensenyar llengües a l'època d'Internet

Internet també ens ha fet diferents, com a professors i aprenents —ens agradi o no. Gràcies a la informació, els recursos, els contactes i les activitats que aporta la xarxa ha canviat la nostra feina a l'aula. Repassem aquí aquests canvis, plantegem algunes de les qüestions més controvertides i hi busquem respostes reflexives, més enllà de les visions apocalíptiques o messiàniques i del proselitisme estèril.

Automatic filtering and substantiation of drug safety signals

Drug safety issues pose serious health threats to the population and constitute a major cause of mortality worldwide. Due to the prominent implications to both public health and the pharmaceutical industry, it is of great importance to unravel the molecular mechanisms by which an adverse drug reaction can be potentially elicited. These mechanisms can be investigated by placing the pharmaco-epidemiologically detected adverse drug reaction in an information-rich context and by exploiting all currently available biomedical knowledge to substantiate it. We present a computational framework for the biological annotation of potential adverse drug reactions. First, the proposed framework investigates previous evidences on the drug-event association in the context of biomedical literature (signal filtering). Then, it seeks to provide a biological explanation (signal substantiation) by exploring mechanistic connections that might explain why a drug produces a specific adverse reaction. The mechanistic connections include the activity of the drug, related compounds and drug metabolites on protein targets, the association of protein targets to clinical events, and the annotation of proteins (both protein targets and proteins associated with clinical events) to biological pathways. Hence, the workflows for signal filtering and substantiation integrate modules for literature and database mining, in silico drug-target profiling, and analyses based on gene-disease networks and biological pathways. Application examples of these workflows carried out on selected cases of drug safety signals are discussed. The methodology and workflows presented offer a novel approach to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying adverse drug reactions

Internet i salut: què en pensa i com l'utilitza el personal sanitari d'un EAP. Una aproximació

Resultats d'una enquesta passada als assistents a una sessió clínia en un EAP. Els objectius de l'enquesta, en relació amb els professionals de la salut, són: conèixer l'ús que fan d'Internet en l'àmbit professional; conèixer quin ús fan de la prescripció web; saber si utilitzen el correu electrònic per comunicar-se amb els pacients; saber com perceben la consulta sobre informació mèdica o de salut a Internet per part dels seus pacients; i, finalment, identificar els recursos informatius sobre salut a Internet que utilitzen més, en relació amb els seus pacients.

Sessió clínica: Internet, salut i e-pacients. Eines i recursos a l'abast per a una informació de qualitat

Sessió clínica a un EAP amb dos objectius: proporcionar als professionals sanitaris de l'EAP orientacions bàsiques per ajudar els pacients a avaluar la informació sobre temes de salut localitzada a Internet, i promoure entre els professionals sanitaris l'ús de la prescripció web per formentar l'autonomia dels pacients. El contingut de la sessió va ser: breu introducció a Internet, tendències actuals en e-salut, criteris d'avaluació de pàgines web, segells de qualitat i prescripció web.

New reference tables and user-friendly Internet application for predicted heart weights.

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of normal heart weight ranges is important information for pathologists. Comparing the measured heart weight to reference values is one of the key elements used to determine if the heart is pathological, as heart weight increases in many cardiac pathologies. The current reference tables are old and in need of an update. AIMS: The purposes of this study are to establish new reference tables for normal heart weights in the local population and to determine the best predictive factor for normal heart weight. We also aim to provide technical support to calculate the predictive normal heart weight. METHODS: The reference values are based on retrospective analysis of adult Caucasian autopsy cases without any obvious pathology that were collected at the University Centre of Legal Medicine in Lausanne from 2007 to 2011. We selected 288 cases. The mean age was 39.2 years. There were 118 men and 170 women. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship of heart weight to body weight, body height, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA). RESULTS: The heart weight increased along with an increase in all the parameters studied. The mean heart weight was greater in men than in women at a similar body weight. BSA was determined to be the best predictor for normal heart weight. New reference tables for predicted heart weights are presented as a web application that enable the comparison of heart weights observed at autopsy with the reference values. CONCLUSIONS: The reference tables for heart weight and other organs should be systematically updated and adapted for the local population. Web access and smartphone applications for the predicted heart weight represent important investigational tools.

Els usos d'internet, les xarxes socials i els jocs online, concretament els MMORPG

L’objectiu d’aquest treball és descriure els riscos i les possibilitats d’Internet i les Web 2.0 i la importància de com utilitzem Internet, les xarxes socials i els jocs de rol massius en línia (MMORPG). A la recerca han participat 34 estudiants universitaris, els quals han respost un qüestionari per determinar els usos, abusos, les conductes de risc i la possible addicció a Internet o a alguna aplicació 2.0. Per últim, hi ha una proposta de disseny d’un projecte per a la sensibilització d’educadors/es socials entorn d’aquestes eines.