Processo de indexação: estudo de caso único no Sistema de Bibliotecas (SIB) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG

Estudo de caso único exploratório e descritivo voltado a analisar a indexação em uma das bibliotecas universitárias do SIB/FURG. Os objetivos específicos, delimitados a partir do contexto já citado, foram: a) Identificar e analisar, através de mapeamento cognitivo, os procedimentos metodológicos empregados na indexação nas atividades de análise, síntese e representação da informação; b) Identificar os conceitos/noções com maior importância na percepção da indexadora quanto ao processo de indexação e as relações entre tais conceitos de forma a construir o mapa cognitivo do processo a partir da percepção da indexadora; e c) Descrever e analisar a indexação de livros na unidade em estudo sob aspecto da análise, síntese e representação destes através da aplicação do Protocolo Verbal. As técnicas utilizadas para a coleta de informação no estudo de caso único foram a Self-Q e o Protocolo Verbal, ambas centradas na abordagem qualitativa. Conclui-se, a partir da construção do mapa cognitivo da indexadora, que as noções/conceitos que sustentam sua prática voltam-se, em sua maioria, a aspectos de caráter procedimental. Percebeu-se também que a prática de indexação ocorre desconectada dos princípios de especificidade e exaustividade. Sobre a indexação de livros conclui-se que, na unidade sob estudo, as operações de análise são desenvolvidas de modo empírico através da leitura e interpretação de partes do documento indexado. Identificou-se que o enfoque da prática não recai apenas no documento mas também, no usuário. A análise e síntese ocorrem de forma integrada, sendo que, em alguns momentos, a síntese é desenvolvida a partir do conhecimento dos descritores do tesauro. A delimitação dos conceitos, por sua vez, foi influenciada, por vezes, pelo(a): uso de termos já empregados na unidade em que atua/sistema, presença do descritor no sumário, conhecimento das demandas dos usuários, área de domínio em que indexa e percepção enquanto profissional. Percebeu-se que não existem níveis definidos quanto a exaustividade e especificidade na indexação. Na representação dos conceitos foram identificadas dificuldades ocasionadas pela ausência de relacionamentos entre termos e/ou ausência de termos voltados a área indexada no tesauro empregado. Conclui-se que faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de uma política de indexação formalizada para basilar a prática desenvolvida no SIB/FURG.

Folksonomia: análise das tags no site Last.fm

A partir da web 2.0, com a maior participação do usuário, destaca-se a mudança nas mídias tradicionais, como rádio e televisão, que ganharam caráter social, permitindo a participação do público com algo mais além de só ouvir e ver, mas contribuir das mais diversas maneiras, dente elas está a folksonomia. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as tags no site Last.fm por meio do modelo proposto por Sen et al. (2006) que as identifica em três categorias: fatuais, subjetivas e pessoais. Acredita-se que este estudo é importante para compreender como se dá a representação da informação em linguagem livre pelo usuário, assim como considera-se relevante a folksonomia como prática social, democrática e inclusiva que aproxima o usuário da informação. Como hipótese, considerou-se o predomínio de tags subjetivas. A pesquisa teve caráter descritivo-exploratória, e uma abordagem qualiquantitativa. A partir de uma pesquisa do IBOPE (2013), foram escolhidas 12 artistas e 12 músicas como amostra da pesquisa. Analisou-se 1109 tags, com os resultados: 759 (68%) fatuais; 232 (21%) subjetivas; 85 (8%) pessoais e 33 (3%) com tipologia não-identificada, desta maneira a hipótese de predomínio de tags subjetivas foi refutada. Como um desdobramento do modelo de Sen et al. (2006), distribuiu-se as tags em categorias descritivas, adaptadas do modelo de Laplante (2015), que mostraram que os gêneros/estilos musicais são predominantes da descrição dos itens. Conclui-se que mesmo com o predomínio de tags fatuais e de gêneros/estilos musicais, nem sempre a representação contida nessas etiquetas é fidedigna à realidade descritiva do item, contudo a folksonomia tem a contribuir com novos pontos de vista e de pensar uma informação.

Rising Publication Delays Inflate Journal Impact Factors

Journal impact factors have become an important criterion to judge the quality of scientific publications over the years, influencing the evaluation of institutions and individual researchers worldwide. However, they are also subject to a number of criticisms. Here we point out that the calculation of a journal’s impact factor is mainly based on the date of publication of its articles in print form, despite the fact that most journals now make their articles available online before that date. We analyze 61 neuroscience journals and show that delays between online and print publication of articles increased steadily over the last decade. Importantly, such a practice varies widely among journals, as some of them have no delays, while for others this period is longer than a year. Using a modified impact factor based on online rather than print publication dates, we demonstrate that online-to-print delays can artificially raise a journal’s impact factor, and that this inflation is greater for longer publication lags. We also show that correcting the effect of publication delay on impact factors changes journal rankings based on this metric. We thus suggest that indexing of articles in citation databases and calculation of citation metrics should be based on the date of an article’s online appearance, rather than on that of its publication in print.

Top-K Query Processing in Edge-Labeled Graph Data

Edge-labeled graphs have proliferated rapidly over the last decade due to the increased popularity of social networks and the Semantic Web. In social networks, relationships between people are represented by edges and each edge is labeled with a semantic annotation. Hence, a huge single graph can express many different relationships between entities. The Semantic Web represents each single fragment of knowledge as a triple (subject, predicate, object), which is conceptually identical to an edge from subject to object labeled with predicates. A set of triples constitutes an edge-labeled graph on which knowledge inference is performed. Subgraph matching has been extensively used as a query language for patterns in the context of edge-labeled graphs. For example, in social networks, users can specify a subgraph matching query to find all people that have certain neighborhood relationships. Heavily used fragments of the SPARQL query language for the Semantic Web and graph queries of other graph DBMS can also be viewed as subgraph matching over large graphs. Though subgraph matching has been extensively studied as a query paradigm in the Semantic Web and in social networks, a user can get a large number of answers in response to a query. These answers can be shown to the user in accordance with an importance ranking. In this thesis proposal, we present four different scoring models along with scalable algorithms to find the top-k answers via a suite of intelligent pruning techniques. The suggested models consist of a practically important subset of the SPARQL query language augmented with some additional useful features. The first model called Substitution Importance Query (SIQ) identifies the top-k answers whose scores are calculated from matched vertices' properties in each answer in accordance with a user-specified notion of importance. The second model called Vertex Importance Query (VIQ) identifies important vertices in accordance with a user-defined scoring method that builds on top of various subgraphs articulated by the user. Approximate Importance Query (AIQ), our third model, allows partial and inexact matchings and returns top-k of them with a user-specified approximation terms and scoring functions. In the fourth model called Probabilistic Importance Query (PIQ), a query consists of several sub-blocks: one mandatory block that must be mapped and other blocks that can be opportunistically mapped. The probability is calculated from various aspects of answers such as the number of mapped blocks, vertices' properties in each block and so on and the most top-k probable answers are returned. An important distinguishing feature of our work is that we allow the user a huge amount of freedom in specifying: (i) what pattern and approximation he considers important, (ii) how to score answers - irrespective of whether they are vertices or substitution, and (iii) how to combine and aggregate scores generated by multiple patterns and/or multiple substitutions. Because so much power is given to the user, indexing is more challenging than in situations where additional restrictions are imposed on the queries the user can ask. The proposed algorithms for the first model can also be used for answering SPARQL queries with ORDER BY and LIMIT, and the method for the second model also works for SPARQL queries with GROUP BY, ORDER BY and LIMIT. We test our algorithms on multiple real-world graph databases, showing that our algorithms are far more efficient than popular triple stores.

Aplicação para pesquisa de clip arts em dispositivos móveis baseada em esboços

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Redes de Comunicação e Multimédia

CATÁLOGO DE AUTORIDAD TERMINOLÓGICO PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE LA INFORMACIÓN DOCUMENTAL DE LA COMUNIDAD UNIVERSITARIA DE UNIDADES DE INFORMACIÓN ESPECIALIZADAS EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES

Se presentan los resultados de la práctica final de graduación denominada "Catálogo de Autoridad Terminológico para el análisis de la información documental de la Comunidad Universitaria de Unidades de Información Especializadas en Ciencias Sociales (CUUICS)" que consistió en la revisión, corrección y normalización del vocabulario libre de las unidades de información documental: Biblioteca Eugenio Fonseca Tortós de la Universidad de Costa Rica, el Fondo Bibliográfico de la Escuela de Historia y el Centro de Información Documental de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica).   Los objetivos consistieron en: 1. Realizar un diagnóstico sobre el estado actual de los procesos de indización de la CUUICS y 2. Sistematizar y normalizar el lenguaje libre empleado por las unidades de información y proponer su uso dentro de la CUUICS.

RESÚMENES DE LOS TRABAJOS FINALES DE GRADUACIÓN 2001

El trabajo final de graduación consistió en una práctica dirigida realizada en biblioteca pública municipal de belén, con el objetivo de elaborar el catálogo de normalización de términos, que sirviera de apoyo en el proceso de indización de los documentos. por tanto, fue necesario la elaboración de un instrumento de control terminológico que registrará la terminología empleada por la biblioteca y que brindara seguridad en la recuperación de la información. La finalidad de este proyecto final de graduación fue diseñar y crear un instructivo para orientar a los usuarios, en el uso adecuado de los recursos de la biblioteca escolar, facilitándoles una inducción apropiada mediante la herramienta “biblioesc”, que significa biblioteca y escuela; elaborada con base en las necesidades de los usuarios, bibliotecólogos y los docentes escolares. contiene: pantallas llamativas con color, vínculos que guían de una pantalla a otra, texto, imágenes y sonidos.

Introducing the National Library for Health Skin Conditions Specialist Library

Background: This paper introduces the new National Library for Health Skin Conditions Specialist Library http://www.library.nhs.uk/skin. Description: The aims, scope and audience of the new NLH Skin Conditions Specialist Library, and the composition and functions of its core Project Team, Editorial Team and Stakeholders Group are described. The Library's collection building strategy, resource and information types, editorial policies, quality checklist, taxonomy for content indexing, organisation and navigation, and user interface are all presented in detail. The paper also explores the expected impact and utility of the new Library, as well as some possible future directions for further development. Conclusion: The Skin Conditions Specialist Library is not just another new Web site that dermatologists might want to add to their Internet favourites then forget about it. It is intended to be a practical, "one-stop shop" dermatology information service for everyday practical use, offering high quality, up-to-date resources, and adopting robust evidence-based and knowledge management approaches.

Editorial

La indización es un proceso que permite condensar el contenido de un documento a través de términos representativos, haciendo que el usuario recupere la información en forma rápida, eficiente y eficaz.

Spójność multimodalnego przekazu reporterskiego w krótkiej relacji telewizyjnej "na żywo"

Wydział Neofilologii

Publishing and impact criteria, and their bearing on Translation Studies: In search of comparability

This paper questions the current concept of quality as used in research assessment rankings and peer review, with special reference to the link often established between impact and the way this impact is measured in the form of citation counting. Taking translation studies as a case study, we will offer a two-level approach to reveal both the macro- and micro-level biases that exist in this regard. We will first review three key aspects related to the idea of the quality of publications, namely peer review, journal indexing, and journal impact factor. We will then pinpoint some of the main macro-level problems regarding current practices and criteria as applied to translation studies, such as Thomson Reuters World of Science's journal coverage, citation patterns, and publication format. Next we will provide a micro-textual and practical perspective, focusing on citation counts and suggesting a series of corrective measures to increase comparability.

The Economic and Aesthetic Axis of Information Organization Frameworks

This paper argues that in order to systematically comprehend the diversity of information organization frameworks, we must look at how aesthetic concerns and economic concerns manifest in decisions made about designing and deploying work practices, structures, and discourse. In order to do this I construct an analytical rubric borne by a definition of aesthetic and economics pertinent to indexing regimes. I take the position that we need to move into a more descriptive stance on practices of knowledge organization, not only in documentary heritage institutions (libraries, archives, and museums), but also into the cultural and artistic realms. By expanding the scope of inquiry we can interrogate the integrity of my assertion above, namely, that a chief concern in systematically understanding information organization frameworks, lies in understanding how such frameworks wrestle with, and manifest along a spectrum drawn from economic to aesthetic decision-making.

The Weight of Language and Action: Epistemic Stance, Methodological Action,and Theoretical Perspective in Knowledge Organization

Knowledge organization (KO) research is a field of scholarship concerned with the design, study and critique of the processes of organizing and representing documents that societies see as worthy of preserving (Tennis, 2008). In this context we are concerned with the relationship between language and action.On the one hand, we are concerned with what language can and does do for our knowledge organization systems (KOS). For example, how do the words NEGRO or INDIAN work in historical and contemporary indexing languages? In relation to this, we are also concerned with how we know about knowledge organization (KO) and its languages. On the other hand, we are concerned with how to act given this knowledge. That is, how do we carry out research and how do we design, implement, and evaluate KO systems?It is important to consider these questions in the context of our work because we are delegated by society to disseminate cultural memory. We are endowed with a perspective, prepared by an education, and granted positions whereby society asks us to ensure that documentary material is accessible to future generations. There is a social value in our work, and as such there is a social imperative to our work. We must act with good conscience, and use language judiciously, for the memory of the world is a heavy burden.In this paper, I explore these two weights of language and action that bear down on KO researchers. I first summarize what extant literature says about the knowledge claims we make with regard to KO practices and systems. To make it clear what it is that I think we know, I create a schematic that will link claims (language) to actions in advising, implementing, or evaluating information practices and systems.I will then contrast this with what we do not know, that is, what the unanswered questions might be (Gnoli, 2008 ; Dahlberg, 2011), and I will discuss them in relation to the two weights in our field of KO.Further, I will try to provide a systematic overview of possible ways to address these open questions in KO research. I will draw on the concept of elenchus - the forms of epistemology, theory, and methodology in KO (Tennis, 2008), and framework analysis which are structures, work practice, and discourses of KO systems (Tennis, 2006). In so doing, I will argue for a Neopragmatic stance on the weight of language and action in KO (Rorty, 1982 ; 2000). I will close by addressing the lacuna left in Neopragmatic thought – the ethical imperative to use language and action in a particular good and moral way. That is, I will address the ethical imperative of KO given its weights, epistemologies, theories, and methods. To do this, I will review a sample of relevant work on deontology in both western and eastern philosophical schools (e.g., Harvey, 1995).The perspective I want to communicate in this section is that the good in carrying out KO research may begin with epistemic stances (cf., language), but ultimately stands on ethical actions. I will present an analysis describing the micro and the macro ethical concerns in relation to KO research and its advice on practice. I hope this demonstrates that the direction of epistemology, theory, and methodology in KO, while burdened with the dual weights of language and action, is clear when provided an ethical sounding board. We know how to proceed when we understand how our work can benefit the world.KO is an important, if not always understood, division of labor in a society that values its documentary heritage and memory institutions. Being able to do good requires us to understand how to balance the weights of language and action. We must understand where we stand and be able to chart a path forward, one that does not cause harm, but adds value to the world and those that want to access recorded knowledge.

Three Creative Tensions in Document Interpretation Theory Set as Evidence of the Need fora Descriptive Informatics

Describes three tensions in the theoretical literature of indexing: chief sources of evidence indexing, process of indexing (rubrics and methods), and philosophical position of indexing scholarship. Following this exposition, we argue for a change in perspective in Knowledge Organization research. Using the difference between prescriptive and descriptive linguis- tics as a metaphor, we advocate for a shift to a more descriptive, rather than the customary prescriptive, approach to the theo- retical and empirical study of indexing, and by extension Knowledge Organization.

Measured Time: Imposing a Temporal Metric toClassificatory Structures

Describes three units of time helpful for understanding and evaluating classificatory structures: long time (versions and states of classification schemes), short time (the act of indexing as repeated ritual or form), and micro-time (where stages of the interpretation process of indexing are separated out and inventoried). Concludes with a short discussion of how time and the impermanence of classification also conjures up an artistic conceptualization of indexing, and briefly uses that to question the seemingly dominant understanding of classification practice as outcome of scientific management and assembly line thought.