Temperature dependence study of chlorine NQR frequency and spin-lattice relaxation time in 2-amino,-3,5-dichloropyridine

Chlorine-35 NQR frequency and spin-lattice relaxation time measurements as a function of temperature in the range 77-300 K were carried out on 2-amino-3,5-dichloropyridine. Two NQR signals were observed and were assigned to the two chlorines present in the molecule using the additive model for substituent effects. The temperature dependence of the NQR frequency was analysed in terms of the torsional oscillations of the molecule and the torsional frequencies and their temperature dependence were calculated numerically using a two-mode approximation. The temperature dependence of the NQR spin-lattice relaxation time was found to be mainly due to the torsional oscillations of the molecule, with anharmonicity effects showing up at higher temperatures. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effect of contact at the interface on the compressive properties of fly ash-epoxy composites

Particulate composites based on polymer matrices generally contain fillers, especially those that are abundantly available and are cheaper. The inclusion of these, besides improving the properties, makes the system costwise viable, In the present study, fly ash was tried as a filler in epoxy. The filler particle surfaces were modified using three chemical surface treatment techniques in order to elicit the effect of adhesion at the interface on the mechanical properties of these composites. The compatibilizing of the filler with the use of a silane coupling agent yielded the best compression strength values. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has been used to characterize and supplement the mechanical test data.

Performance of monolithic and TiB2 reinforced MoSi2 in dry sliding contact with steel

MoSi2 and its composite with TiB2 (10 and 20 wt.%) particulates were synthesized by the hot pressing technique. Dry sliding wear experiments were done on these samples by pin-on-disc method on an EN-24 steel disc. It was observed that the densification and the reinforcement of the matrix are beneficial in reducing the friction and wear Of MoSi2. The tribofilm that was formed during sliding contained both the disc and the pin material. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Study of thickness dependence on electrical properties of (Pb,La)TiO3 thin films for memory applications

Lead-lanthanum-titanate (Pb0.72La0.28)TiO3 (PLT) is one of the interesting materials for DRAM applications due to its room temperature paraelectric nature and its higher dielectric permittivity. PLT thin films of different thickness ranging from 0.54- 0.9 mum were deposited on Pt coated Si substrates by excimer laser ablation technique. We have measured the voltage (field) dependence, the thickness dependence, temperature dependence of dc leakage currents and analysis is done on these PLT thin films. Current- voltage characteristics were measured at different temperatures for different thick films and the thickness dependence of leakage current has been explained by considering space charge limited conduction mechanism. The charge transport phenomena were studied in detail for films of different thicknesses for dynamic random access memory applications.

Temperature dependence of infrared and Raman modes in polymeric RbC60

Temperature dependence of the intra-molecular vibrational modes Of C-60 in the quasi-1D polymeric RbC60, across the low temperature transition at similar to50 K, has been probed through infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies. With the lowering of temperature, the split IR modes of RbC60 are seen to harden but below 50 K a small but definitive signature of an anomalous softening is observed. In addition, the background IR transmission shows an increase below 50 K with the opening of a well defined gap in the electronic spectrum. The implications of these results, along with those of Raman measurements, are discussed in terms of the interaction of intra-molecular phonons with electrons and spin excitations in the system. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

The thickness dependence of the electrical and dielectric properties in the laser ablated SrBi2Nb2O9 thin films

he thickness dependence of the electrical properties in the thin films of uniaxial SrBi2Nb2O9 has been studied in this report. According to many published literatures, it could be an effective way to identify the basic conduction process. The laser ablation was chosen as the deposition technique to ensure an oriented growth and a proper stoichiometric deposition. The structural, dielectric and conduction properties were studied as a function of thickness. The films showed good ferroelectric properties, an ordered growth, and a space-charge controlled conduction process, which was double checked by reversing the polarity of the applied voltage, and also by examining the high field current response of the sample varying in thickness.

Estimation of surface free energy of pyrites by contact angle measurements

The surface properties of coal-pyrite play a major role in determining its separation from coal in processes such as flotation. The solution pH is an important parameter in determining the surface properties of both coal and coal-pyrite such as surface free energy and zeta-potential. In the present investigation, the effect of pH on the surface free energy of pyrites from different sources was studied. The surface free energy of solids is made up of two components, i.e. the dispersive surface free energy and the acid-base interaction energy. Various methods have been used by previous researchers to evaluate these two components for different solids. In the present study, a new approach was developed and used to study the surface free energy of pyrite surfaces. Results indicate that the dispersion surface free energy of various pyrites is independent of pH while the acid-base interaction energy is strongly dependent on the pH. The acid-base interaction energy is different for each pyrite sample and also the change with pH varies with the type of pyrite. Coal-pyrite was found to be more hydrophobic than ore-pyrite which may be attributed to the presence of carbon in coal-pyrites. The acid-base interaction energy varied little with pH for coal pyrites than ore-pyrite. Comparison of acid-base interaction energy with zeta-potential measurements shows a good correlation between the minimum in acid-base interaction energy and the pHpzc.

Growth and characterization of ferroelectric glycine phosphite single crystals

Single crystals of a recent ferroelectric material, glycine phosphite were grown from aqueous solution employing the techniques of slow cooling and controlled evaporation. Powder X-ray diffraction studies as well as thermal analysis were carried out on the grown crystals. The morphology of the crystal has been determined using contact and optical goniometry. The mechanical hardness of the crystal was evaluated by Vickers indentation method. Thickness dependence of the dielectric properties has been investigated and the results can be interpreted in terms of a surface layer of lower dielectric constant.

Asymmetric Warps in Disk Galaxies: Dependence on Dark Matter Halo

Recent observations have shown that most of the warps in the disk galaxies are asymmetric. However there exists no generic mechanism to generate these asymmetries in warps. We have shown that a rich variety of possible asymmetries in the z-distribution of the spiral galaxies can naturally arise due to a dynamical wave interference between the first two bending modes i.e. bowl-shaped mode(m=0) and S-shaped warping mode(m = 1) in the galactic disk embedded in a dark matter halo. We show that the asymmetric warps are more pronounced when the dark matter content within the optical disk is lower as in early-type galaxies.

Epitaxial LaNiO3 thin films: A normal metal barrier for SNS junction

Epitaxial LaNiO3 thin films have been grown on SrTiO3 and several other substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The films are observed to be metallic down to 15 K, and the temperature dependence of resistivity is similar to that of bulk LaNiO3. Epitaxial, c-axis oriented YBa2Cu3O7-x films with good superconducting properties have been grown on the LaNiO3 (100) films. I-V characteristics of the YBa2Cu3O7-x-LaNiO3 junction are linear, indicating ohmic contact between them.

Anomalous Temperature dependence of Fermi-edge Singularity in Modulation-doped AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs hetero-structures

The temperature and power dependence of Fermi-edge singularity (FES) in high-density two-dimensional electron gas, specific to pseudomorphic AlxGa1-xAs/InyGa1-yAs/GaAs heterostructures is studied by photoluminescence (PL). In all these structures, there are two prominent transitions E11 and E21 considered to be the result of electron-hole recombination from first and second electron sub-bands with that of first heavy-hole sub-band. FES is observed approximately 5 -10 meV below the E21 transition. At 4.2 K, FES appears as a lower energy shoulder to the E21 transition. The PL intensity of all the three transitions E11, FES and E21 grows linearly with excitation power. However, we observe anomalous behavior of FES with temperature. While PL intensity of E11 and E21 decrease with increasing temperature, FES transition becomes stronger initially and then quenches-off slowly (till 40K). Though it appears as a distinct peak at about 20 K, its maximum is around 7 - 13 K.

Influence of uniformity of the axial magnetic field in a vacuum interrupter on the performance of the contacts

A vacuum interrupter utilises magnetic field for effective arc extinction. Based on the type of field, the vacuum interrupters are classified as radial or axial magnetic type of vacuum interrupters. This paper focuses on the axial magnetic field type of vacuum interrupters. The magnitude and distribution of the axial magnetic field is a function of the design of the contact system. It also depends on the orientations of the movable and fixed contact systems with respect to each other. This paper investigates the dependence of arcing and erosion performance of the contact on the magnitude and distribution of this axially oriented magnetic field. The experimental observations are well supported by electromagnetic simulations.

An Investigation into the Dependence of the Arc Voltage on the Parameters of the Short-Circuit Current and the Design of the Vacuum Interrupter

The vacuum interrupter is extensively employed in the medium voltage switchgear for the interruption of the short-circuit current. The voltage across the arc during current interruption is termed as the arc voltage. The nature and magnitude of this arc voltage is indicative of the performance of the contacts and the vacuum interrupter as a whole. Also, the arc voltage depends on the parameters like the magnitude of short-circuit current, the arcing time, the point of opening of the contacts, the geometry and area of the contacts and the type of magnetic field. This paper investigates the dependency of the arc voltage on some of these parameters. The paper also discusses the usefulness of the arc voltage in diagnosing the performance of the contacts.