Corantes têxteis

A dye is a colored substance used to impart permanent color to other substances. Its most important use is in coloring textile fibers and fabrics. The removal of colour from dyehouse waste waters is currently a major problem in the textile sector. This paper provides an overview of the treatment technologies that can currently be used by the textile processor and the developments over the past decade with respect to the toxicological and ecotoxicological properties of synthetic organic dyes.

The Problem of Invasive Species in River Ecosystems

Invasive nonnative species are a major problem in river ecosystems, and have large ecological and economic costs. Few ecosystems can resist invasions. The species that tend to invade most readily are those that humans. Introduce the most, and the ecosystems they invade are those with the most human activity. Most invasions are irreversible, and control is expensive, so efforts should be focused on prevention of future invasions

Families of periodic horseshoe orbits in the restricted three-body problem

We compute families of symmetric periodic horseshoe orbits in the restricted three-body problem. Both the planar and three-dimensional cases are considered and several families are found.We describe how these families are organized as well as the behavior along and among the families of parameters such as the Jacobi constant or the eccentricity. We also determine the stability properties of individual orbits along the families. Interestingly, we find stable horseshoe-shaped orbit up to the quite high inclination of 17◦

The Problematic Internet Entertainment Use Scale for Adolescents: Prevalence of Problem Internet Use in Spanish High School Students

Many researchers and professionals have reported nonsubstance addiction to online entertainments in adolescents. However, very few scales have been designed to assess problem Internet use in this population, in spite of their high exposure and obvious vulnerability. The aim of this study was to review the currently available scales for assessing problematic Internet use and to validate a new scale of this kind for use, specifically in this age group, the Problematic Internet Entertainment Use Scale for Adolescents. The research was carried out in Spain in a gender-balanced sample of 1131 high school students aged between 12 and 18 years. Psychometric analyses showed the scale to be unidimensional, with excellent internal consistency (Cronbach"s alpha of 0.92), good construct validity, and positive associations with alternative measures of maladaptive Internet use. This selfadministered scale can rapidly measure the presence of symptoms of behavioral addiction to online videogames and social networking sites, as well as their degree of severity. The results estimate the prevalence of this problematic behavior in Spanish adolescents to be around 5 percent.

Bifurcation of relative equilibria of the (1+3)-body problem

We study the relative equilibria of the limit case of the pla- nar Newtonian 4{body problem when three masses tend to zero, the so-called (1 + 3){body problem. Depending on the values of the in- nitesimal masses the number of relative equilibria varies from ten to fourteen. Always six of these relative equilibria are convex and the oth- ers are concave. Each convex relative equilibrium of the (1 + 3){body problem can be continued to a unique family of relative equilibria of the general 4{body problem when three of the masses are su ciently small and every convex relative equilibrium for these masses belongs to one of these six families.

Experimental analysis of optimization techniques on the road passenger transportation problem

Analyzing the state of the art in a given field in order to tackle a new problem is always a mandatory task. Literature provides surveys based on summaries of previous studies, which are often based on theoretical descriptions of the methods. An engineer, however, requires some evidence from experimental evaluations in order to make the appropriate decision when selecting a technique for a problem. This is what we have done in this paper: experimentally analyzed a set of representative state-of-the-art techniques in the problem we are dealing with, namely, the road passenger transportation problem. This is an optimization problem in which drivers should be assigned to transport services, fulfilling some constraints and minimizing some function cost. The experimental results have provided us with good knowledge of the properties of several methods, such as modeling expressiveness, anytime behavior, computational time, memory requirements, parameters, and free downloadable tools. Based on our experience, we are able to choose a technique to solve our problem. We hope that this analysis is also helpful for other engineers facing a similar problem

Permissu ampl. collegii phil. in Acad. Christinea Fennorum

Arkit: 2 arkintunnuksetonta lehteä, A-B8.

'Situaciones problema' y desarrollo de la competencia motriz en educación física escolar: cuestiones didácticas = Problem situations and developing motor competence in Physical Education at school: didactic questions

From the areas of motor learning and the teaching of Physical Education we promote coherent methodological orientationswith the present curricular guide that are focused in such a way so that the student is able to act independently. In thissense we may consider the problem situations as a good example for methodological proposals. So as to determine its useand adequateness for Physical Education it is conveniente to analyse the characteristics of the motor tasks that areproposed as well as the features of the teaching intervention in such a way as to ease the adquisition and development ofthe motor competence of the students

Dissertatio metaphysica Kantianorum de re in se (Ding an sich) doctrinam breviter examinans. Quam cons. ampl. facult. philos. Aboënsis. Publico examini modeste offerunt Fredericus Bergbom

Painovuosi nimekkeestä.

Exercitium academicum de usu quem praestat psychologia oeconomo quod cons. ampl. fac. philos. in Acad. Auraicae praeside viro maxime reverendo atque amplissimo

I.N.J.

Retrieval of kinetic rates in reactions with semi batch liquid phase using ill-posed inverse problem theory

A neural network procedure to solve inverse chemical kinetic problems is discussed in this work. Rate constants are calculated from the product concentration of an irreversible consecutive reaction: the hydrogenation of Citral molecule, a process with industrial interest. Simulated and experimental data are considered. Errors in the simulated data, up to 7% in the concentrations, were assumed to investigate the robustness of the inverse procedure. Also, the proposed method is compared with two common methods in nonlinear analysis; the Simplex and Levenberg-Marquardt approaches. In all situations investigated, the neural network approach was numerically stable and robust with respect to deviations in the initial conditions or experimental noises.

Methane combustion kinetic rate constants determination: an ill-posed inverse problem analysis

Methane combustion was studied by the Westbrook and Dryer model. This well-established simplified mechanism is very useful in combustion science, for computational effort can be notably reduced. In the inversion procedure to be studied, rate constants are obtained from [CO] concentration data. However, when inherent experimental errors in chemical concentrations are considered, an ill-conditioned inverse problem must be solved for which appropriate mathematical algorithms are needed. A recurrent neural network was chosen due to its numerical stability and robustness. The proposed methodology was compared against Simplex and Levenberg-Marquardt, the most used methods for optimization problems.

A quasi-materialist, quasi-dualist solution to the mind-body problem

If the mental can affect, or be affected by, the physical, then the mental must itself be physical. Otherwise the physical world would not be explanatorily closed. But it is closed. There are reasons to hold that materialism (in both its reductive and non-reductive varieties) is false. So how are we to explain the apparent responsiveness of the physical to the mental and vice versa? The only possible solution seems to be this: physical objects are really projections or isomorphs of objects whose essential properties are mental. (A slightly less accurate way of putting this would be to say: the constitutive - i.e. the non-structural and non-phenomenal - properties of physical objects are mental, i.e. are such as we are used to encountering only in "introspection".) The chair, qua thing that I can know through sense perception, and through hypotheses based strictly thereupon, is a kind of shadow of an object that is exactly like it, except that this other objects essential properties are mental. This line of thought, though radically counterintuitive, explains the apparent responsiveness of the mental to the physical, and vice versa, without being open to any of the criticisms to which materialism, dualistic interaction ism, and epiphenomenalism are open.

Våld i parrelationer : en begreppslig undersökning av ett moraliskt och samhälleligt problem

Mäns våld mot kvinnor i parrelationer är ett förekommande problem i det finländska samhället. Som en moralisk fråga råder det ingen tvekan om att våld i parrelationer är orätt. Den moraliska diskussionen kan ändå inte stanna där. När våldsproblematiken studeras närmare träder flera aspekter av moralfilosofiskt intresse fram. Detta är dock sammanlänkat med hela avhandlingens utgångspunkt: att moralfrågor i första hand är frågor i första person. Det handlar om hur var och en av oss som de personer vi är förhåller oss till andra människor i olika situationer. Det handlar om hur varje enskild person berörs av, möter eller står tyst inför t.ex. en problematik som våld i parrelationer. Genom den här utgångspunkten problematiserar avhandlingen en vanlig syn på etik och moral som en uppsättning yttre regler eller som något vi helt objektivt kan resonera kring utan att själva egentligen beröras och bli indragna i det vi diskuterar, eller utan hänsyn till dem som faktiskt berörs. Tyngdpunkten i avhandlingen läggs på en moralisk begreppslig undersökning kring ett antal begrepp som stiger fram som relevanta i mötet med våld i parrelationer. De för avhandlingen centrala begreppen är offentligt-privat, rättvisa, rättigheter, makt, skam, skuld, förlåtelse, omsorg, tillit och ansvar. I avhandlingen har jag beskrivit, kritiskt analyserat samt fördjupat en förståelse av dessa begrepp och uttryck som både rör ett individ- och ett samhällsplan. Hur dessa begrepp och uttryck används och fungerar i olika sammanhang uttrycker moraliska förhållningssätt gentemot våld, offer och förövare. I avhandlingen synliggörs detta och en konkret förankring sker med hjälp av följande material: finländskt lagstiftningsmaterial (förarbeten till lagar som berör våld i parrelationer under perioden 1991-2006) och berättelser av kvinnor som upplevt våld. Den begreppsliga analysen, där bl.a. olika feministiska teoretiker används, visar att språket inte är neutralt. Språket kan vara färgat av flera självklara förutsättningar och distanserande begrepp kan användas på ett sådant sätt att det moraliskt mest centrala och brännande döljs.