Processos de imitação-criação como constituidores da práxis pedagógica: uma intervenção didático-formativa com o formador de professores

The research deals with the constitution of the pedagogical praxis of a teacher trainer, understood as objectification of theoretical and practical unity in the teaching field. It was achieved by means of a didactic-training intervention. The research problem: as a teacher trainer in a continuous training process is a pedagogical praxis, outlined to the overall objective: investigate the establishment of the pedagogical praxis of teacher trainer in a continuous formation process. The specific objectives were: 1) outline principles and foundations theoretical-methodological course of intervention research on appropriate teaching assumptions of historical-cultural theory; 2) systematic principles of constitution of the pedagogical praxis of a teacher trainer and 3) synthesize foundations of continued training of teacher trainers in view of the historical-cultural theory, to collaborate with design of institutional policies for continuing training of university teachers. The research was developed at the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro University - UFTM, with teachers who work in their degree courses. It was developed in three stages: diagnosis, didactic-formative intervention and analysis of data. In the diagnostic step attended five teacher educators of degrees in: history, geography, physics, chemistry and letters. At this stage were used identification questionnaires, interviews, classroom observation and document analysis. In the next stage, with participation of a trainer, it was held educational-training intervention understood as the collective research-training process that is involved intervening in teaching with the development of interdependent and simultaneous actions trainings, planning and implementation of educational activities and study, classroom observation and evaluation from the perspective of dialectical unity in order to contribute to the integral development of teachers and students. The intervention were also held interviews and document analysis. The last stage of the research was the analysis of the data. In the diagnosis of education, among other analyzes, three references were found of the trainer's training-action: memorized references, empirical and praxis. It was the analysis of the references of the trainer's training-action that guided referrals ways of teaching-training intervention. As a result, it was concluded that the teacher educator is their pedagogical praxis in the dialectical units theoretical and practical appropriation of concepts and imitation-creation. Were the two principles analyzed in the research. It was also systematized some essential elements of the formation of the teacher educator: the needs of trainers are decisive in the choice of concepts that will be appropriate; the organization of the training process should take place hand in hand with planning and development classes; the theory need to be experienced in training so that appropriation/objectification of education come true, and also, participants must be strengthened as a collective studies, since we have not learned by linearity but connections. It is hoped that the research will create opportunities to deepen the debate on the continuing education of teacher educators and contribute to scientific production in the area.

Climatologia da pluviosidade na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paranaíba

The main aim of this research was to study pluviosity in the Paranaíba Riverbasin, especially concerning the variability frame and trends. For this end, we used data from 22 pluviometric stations of the Agência Nacional da Águas- ANA(National Water Agency)spatially distributed throughout the basin area. The data comprised the years 1979-2013, which is a historical series of 35 years, and was downloaded through the ANA website and tabulated using the Hydro 1.2 software (2015) and Excel. After tabulation process were applied based methodologies for statistical analysis of annual variability, monthly, daily and seasonal rainfall in the basin beyond the trend analysis. Results of this research showed that the annual rainfall averageis 1491 mm. Seasonality is a hallmark and rainfall variability occurs spatially and temporally. Rains are accumulated in the rainy season accumulating 85% of the annual volume in the basin. In daily analysis it was found that the daily rainfall above 30 mm occur in only 3% of the time. Dry season comprises 15% of the rainfall. Trend analysis using linear regression pointed to a downward trend in rainfall in 46% of jobs, stability in 18% of posts and increased rainfall by 36%. As for the analysis using the sign test indicated that 32% of the analyzed rainfall stations showed an increasing trend of rainfall over the time series and 68% of stations showed downward trend. This research is important because shows how rainfall worksin the area of the Paranaiba basin, and may be used to develop better management of natural resources and the area through public policies for this purpose.

As paisagens nas pinturas de Ido Finotti: reflexões artísticas e históricas

This research studies the landscape paintings of the artist Ido Finotti, specifically the Brazilian cerrado vegetation and rivers landscape paintings, in the region of Triângulo Mineiro, mainly Uberlândia and the surrounding cities as Uberaba and Araguari. The artist produced the landscape paintings from 1947 to 1980. This study searches to understand the poetic in the paintings and identify the elements that the artist chose to create the visuality of landscape to build a regional identity. Therefore, it links the artistic and historical reflections with the general ideas about the landscape painting in the Universal History of Art and in the Brazilian History of Art through the main landscape painters. First, this work shows the trajectory of the artist Ido Finotti and the two phases of his paintings: as a decorative painter of walls from 1920 to 1940, then as an oil painter artist on canvas. Second, the national and foreign authors studied were from several fields: Visual Arts, History, History of the Art, Philosophy and Geography, but had produced literature on the idea and the subject of landscape in the painting. The initial reading was about some workmanships of Ido Finotti, which included 142 landscapes paintings; interviews; articles, periodicals and magazines collected; documents, brochures and catalogues gathered. The comparison between the written and visual sources made possible the textual construction of this research.

Fatores pré-abate que influenciam na qualidade da carne de frangos griller

The consumption of a product is directly linked to its quality, and are required to comply with quality standard regulations. In chicken "griller" which comes from industrial strains, selected for best growth performance, shot with up to 35 days old and weighing 1,400kg, they have not been reported in the literature a number of quality aspects This study aimed determine the muscle transformation time in the flesh in chickens "griller" incidence of meat defects, "PSE" (pale, soft and exdudative) and "DFD" (dark, firm and dry) and their correlation between different window times slaughter (total time between beginning of the fasting and the time of slaughter) and pH curve, four different times post mortem. The base data for the study was composed of information of 208 chickens, collected between August and September 2014, in a slaughterhouse slaughtering chickens in the middle region of Triangulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba. We used the Minitab 17.1.0 program for the development of descriptive statistical analysis and Pareto charts. The Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the linear relationship between two variables and Excel 2013, Microsoft Office®, to produce tables and graphs. The analysis consisted of 11 chickens cities and the distance to the poultry slaughterhouse ranged from 24.5 km to 123 km. It was observed that the pH curve decays gradually until time 5horas after slaughter, and its increase was 24, indicating the transformation of the muscle meat. The incidence of regular meat was 39.9%, "DFD" 30.3% and "PSE" 29.8%. For "DFD" meat, it was observed that factors: low ambient temperature, longer transportation and fast window and mileage at dirt road, contributed to its occurrence (p <0.05). For "PSE" meat, it was observed that lower body weight factors, longer transport favored frequency (p <0.05) of the meat defect. There was no significant correlation in variance analysis between distance, waiting time at rest shed and humidity related to meat defects (p> 0.05). This high incidence of defects meat may be due to pre-slaughter stress factors.

Diagnóstico ambiental da área de influência do complexo sucroalcooleiro Usina Vale do São Simão Ltda

One of the most widespread renewable energy sources in Brazil is ethanol, from sugarcane, therefore, the sugar and alcohol sector is expanding, with positive impacts for the economy of the country. Sugar cane was introduced in Brazil as a crop during its colonization, for the production of sugar, and put the country in the global scenario. The expansion of this crop occurred in the seventies, to reduce the reliance in fossil energy sources and to stimulate the development of the agricultural activity. Thus, the federal government has promoted the sugar cane crop and the production of ethanol as a fuel. However, it is important to minimize possible impacts that the crop may cause to the environment. Sugar cane has expanded in the frontiers of the mesoregion of Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba-MG, and, in this perspective, the agroindustrial complex known as Companhia Energética Vale do São Simão Ltda., with the Mill located in the county of Santa Vitória, Minas Gerais, was adopted to evaluate the environmental impacts caused by the sugarcane in the area of influence of the mill. The mill has a polygonal area corresponding to 53,525.20 hectares, and for its establishment a Study and Report of Environmental Impacts (EIA/RIMA) was presented, as required as an environment protection instrument by the Environment National Policy (Law nº 6.938/81), and detailed by the Resolution CONAMA nº 01/1986. These studies pointed that native vegetation fragments in the Area of Influence of the Mill, before its implantation, corresponded to approximately 20.7% of the area. Therefore, this study evaluated the impacts of the installation of Usina Vale do São Simão, between 2007 and 2012, determining its reflex on the environmental regularization of the farms, and the vegetation fragments existing in the area, in the recovery and recomposition of areas defined as Legal Reserve and Permanent Preservation. Previous studies of the area were analyzed, soil use and occupation was mapped for the years 2007 and 2012, and the areas of permanent preservation and native vegetation fragments were marked. In general, there was a decline in native vegetation coverage in the period, although it cannot be stated that such reduction was a direct effect of the milling activity. Therefore, the legal requirement of preserving such areas was not capable of bringing the positive effects of protection and recovery as demanded by the Law, highlighting that the current legislation was not enough to protect such areas.

Proyección y política cultural estadounidense en argentina (1928-1941)

El objetivo del artículo es analizar algunos aspectos de los orígenes de la “política cultural” estadounidense en Argentina. La atención se concentrará en el pasaje desde las declaraciones del presidente Hoover, que contribuyeron a favorecer un clima útil y propicio a la intensificación de los intercambios, a los primeros pasos concretos realizados en el periodo de la presidencia de Roosevelt. Se tratará, en particular, de individualizar las características de la cooperación establecida entre organismos estadounidenses y argentinos para favorecer la proyección cultural estadounidense en el país y el intercambio cultural entre Estados Unidos y Argentina, donde se iba intensificando la difusión de un sentimiento anti-imperialista, y que era entonces objetivo de formas de propaganda particularmente agresivas por parte de los regímenes totalitarios.

El relato de orilla(s) de Juan Enrique Acuña. En: LaRivada, V. 3, nº 4

El escritor misionero Juan Enrique Acuña (1915-1988) fue además titiritero y productor cultural y formó parte del grupo literario triángulo que introdujo la vanguardia a la provincia en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Su poética y narrativa presentan un universo ficcional donde cobran importancia los bordes genéricos y culturales propios de Misiones. De este modo, se evidencia una escritura sumamente localista con líneas de fuga que desacomodan un paisaje que si bien resulta familiar es un espacio otro. El concepto de relato de orilla es el resultado de un proceso de trabajo (que culminó en mi tesis de Licenciatura) en el marco del proyecto de investigación denominado La memoria literaria de Misiones a cargo de la Dra. Mercedes García Saraví, en el cual indagamos manuscritos no éditos de escritores misioneros a partir de exponer y aplicar metodologías provenientes de la Genética Textual. La propuesta de acercamiento a estos tipos de discursos implicó, además, reflexionar sobre los bordes de una escritura todavía en proceso, en el sentido del tratamiento de los textos en clave genética. Todo ello, redundó en la construcción de un continuum teórico crítico para indagar y revisar la demarcación de bordes geográficos que a su vez generan zonas-otras (de desborde). Éste y otros procedimientos de análisis ofrecen la posibilidad de una lectura enriquecedora relativa a la apropiación de términos como género y frontera.

Entre serras e sertões A(s) (trans)formaç(ões) de centralidade(s) da Região Metropolitana do Cariri/CE

This study reviews the spatial configuration from the road network of an urban compound formed by the cities of Crato, Juazeiro do Norte and Barbalha (the Crajubar - core of the Cariri metropolitan region, in the State of Ceará, Brazil), in order to establish nexus (or relations) between different levels of accessibility and the formation/ transformation and specialization of centralities in local and metropolitan scales. Stemming from the Social Logic of Space theoretical and operational apparatus, the study explores modeling possibilities (with axial lines, segments and lines of continuity) which is then confronted to empirical observations concerning movement flows and land use, within a Geographic Information System database. At different scales of analysis, the results suggest evidences of continuity were found in the permanence of intra-urban centres and sub-centres within each town, whereas evidences of change pointed out to the formation of a new centrality of metropolitan magnitude in the neighbourhood referred to as the Triângulo, in the municipality of Juazeiro, where high levels of topological accessibility coincides with the appearance of new business buildings as well as with the emergence of urban equipment of a scale more adequate to meet a regional demand

La pintura que no se deja ver. La pintura avergonzada, la pintura escondida (a propósito de los escritos de Ángela de La Cruz, Georges didi-Huberman y Honoré de Balzac)

El artículo «La pintura que no se deja ver: la pintura avergonzada, la pintura escondida» relaciona una de las primeras obras de la artista Ángela de la Cruz ashamed (1995), con La pintura encarnada (1984) de Georges Didi-Huberman, ensayo que a su vez analiza La obra maestra desconocida (1837) de Honoré de Balzac. Entre Ángela de la Cruz, didi-Huberman y Balzac se establece un triángulo en torno al concepto cuadro-cuerpo. A través de una pintura, un ensayo filosófico y un relato, tres autores de tres tiempos distintos recuperan las mismas ideas de carne y piel pictórica y cuadro humanizado. Su objetivo: superar las barreras de representación en la pintura para crear un ser más allá del objeto pictórico. Sin embargo, cuanto más idealizan la pintura y más pretenden superar la pantallapictórica, más se desvanece el concepto de «cuadro»; cuanto más acercan el cuadro a ser, más se aleja de ser un cuadro y menos se permite el acceso a lo que representa. La persecución del ideal implica que el cuadro se vea sometido a su ocultación, al deterioro y a la destrucción de su imagen.

Metodologías utilizadas por docentes de primer ciclo de enseñanza básica en la enseñanza de la multiplicación y su relación con el rendimiento mostrado por los niños y niñas del distrito 06-18

A pesar de que la matemática está presente en casi todas las actividades que realiza el ser humano, el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje realizado en la escuela, facilita al niño la aprehensión del conocimiento matemático de manera estructurada, la metodología y los recursos utilizados deben ser motivadores para que este aprendizaje pueda llegar a ser eficiente. En el proceso educativo, sabemos que el triángulo formado por el maestro, el alumno y los contenidos a estudiar son los elementos claves, la participación de cada uno de ellos es determinante para que los resultados sean óptimos, por lo tanto, las metodologías empleadas por el docente deben ser las adecuadas para lograr que el niño al ingresar a la escuela adquiera nuevos conocimientos, que las actividades cotidianas generadoras de experiencia sirvan de base para estos nuevos conocimientos; que su curiosidad natural sea el acicate en la búsqueda creativa de soluciones; que en el desarrollo de las actividades de aprendizaje no se busque la memorización de conceptos sino la interpretación de las situaciones problemáticas para encontrarle gusto al aprendizaje.

Investigações matemáticas: aprender matemática com compreensão

Este texto centra-se numa experiência de aprendizagem desenvolvida numa turma de vinte e cinco alunos do quinto ano de escolaridade na exploração de relações numéricas no triângulo de Pascal, com o propósito principal de identificar e analisar processos de resolução desenvolvidos pelos alunos em tarefas de cariz mais investigativo. É possível concluir que o trabalho proporcionado por este tipo de tarefas, apelando a processos matemáticos complexos, como conjeturar e generalizar, permite aos alunos fazer aprendizagens matemáticas com compreensão.

A ocupação neolítica do cabeço da Velha (Vila Velha de Ródão): trabalhos realizados em 1988

São apresentados os primeiros resultados das escavações arqueológicas no Cabeço da Velha (Vila Velha de Ródão, Beira Baixa). Detectou-se um único nível de ocupação, cuja fraca espessura parece corresponder a um estabelecimento de curta duração. As estruturas postas a descoberto ("empedrados de combustão", "cinzeiros" e "buracos de poste") são funcionalmente complementares e configuram uma unidade habitacional que se considerou integralmente escavada. Documentou-se uma zona de descanso (cabana-paravento), uma zona de actividade com estruturas de combustão e uma zona de acumulação de detritos. O espólio lítico forma um conjunto tipologicamente diversificado, mas em que cada grupo se encontra representado por escasso número de artefactos, sendo de destacar o predomínio dos relacionados com a caça (trapézio, triângulo, pontas de seta). A tipologia aponta para o Neolítico final. A cerâmica, tipo logicamente integrável no mesmo período, é dominada por formas simples, esféricas ou ovóides, sendo raros os exemplares pertencentes a formas consideradas especializadas (pratos, taças de bordo espessado, taças carenadas), o que parece reforçar a hipótese de nos encontrarmos em presença de um estabelecimento de curta duração e de vocação agrícola pouco acentuada. A decoração, incisa e plástica, ocorre numa frequência muito baixa.

Raciocínio contrafactual e modelos mentais

A ideia central deste estudo é de que «... raciocinar sobre factos e raciocinar sobre possibilidades e impossibilidades, baseia-se nos mesmos tipos de representações mentais e processos cognitivos» (Byrne, 1997, p. 107). Quer dizer que as pessoas raciocinam através da construção e revisão de modelos mentais (e.g., Johnson-Laird, Byrne, 1991). As condicionais contrafactuais requerem que os raciocinadores tenham em mente não apenas o que é suposto ser verdadeiro, mas também o que é supostamente verdadeiro mas factualmente falso (Byrne, 1997, p. 117; cf. Johnson-Laird, Byrne, 1991, pp. 72- -73). E a hipótese de que a representação inicial de uma condicional contrafactual é mais explícita do que a de uma condicional factual, permite prever que as inferências Modus Tollens e Negação do Antecedente deverão ser feitas com maior frequência a partir das condicionais contrafactuais do que das factuais. Byrne e Tasso (in press) encontraram evidência para esta hipótese. No estudo que apresentamos, também procuramos replicar esses resultados encontrados por Byrne e Tasso, e acrescentamos algumas hipóteses relacionadas com as latências para compreender os dois tipos de condicionais, e para escolher a conclusão. Utilizamos condicionais neutras do tipo «Se houve um círculo, então houve um triângulo», e apresentamos aos participantes os quatro silogismos condicionais no programa SUPERLAB.

Modelo didáctico alternativo para la ecuación de la recta

El presente trabajo introduce el principio de Cavalieri en el tratamiento de un tema de matemáticas a nivel bachillerato. Aunque el trabajo de Cavalieri se publicó en 1635, el conocimiento de su principio, es un buen pretexto para introducir el tema que aquí se aborda, tratando de servir como una estrategia de aprendizaje novedosa, en el salón de clases. Lejos de querernos rebelar contra la apreciación tradicional sobre el trabajo de Cavalieri, hacemos la presente propuesta didáctica que pretende simplificar el tratamiento del tema Ecuación cartesiana de la recta, que de otra manera parece tedioso o más complicado en su tratamiento tradicional en el salón de clase, con alumnos del nivel medio superior. La forma tradicional de abordar el tema de Ecuación cartesiana dela recta, en el nivel medio superior, es a través del tratamiento del concepto de pendiente de una recta. No obstante, en el presente trabajo se enfrenta su abordaje con el único auxilio de la fórmula para calcular el área de un triángulo cuando se conocen de él las coordenadas de sus tres vértices y la aplicación del Principio de Cavalieri, visualizando este último, a través de la movilidad que nos proporciona el software GEOMETER.

Evaluación de la posición hioidea en radiografías de pacientes clase I, II y III esqueletales entre 9 y 18 años de edad registrados en el período 2012 y 2015, de un Centro Radiológico de la Ciudad de Cuenca

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio descriptivo, fue evaluar la posición del hueso hioides en los diferentes patrones esqueletales de Clase I, II y III mediante el trazado cefalométrico del triángulo hioideo propuesto por Bibby y Preston, estableciendo diferencias entre cada clase esqueletal. Materiales y métodos: La muestra consistió en 161 radiografías cefálicas laterales digitales, correspondientes a individuos de ambos sexos (75 hombres y 86 mujeres), entre edades de 9 y 18 años, las mismas que fueron divididas en tres subgrupos (Clase I, clase II y clase III) de acuerdo a los ángulos ANB y APDI. Se determinó la posición anteroposterior, vertical y angular del hueso hioides mediante el trazado cefalométrico del triángulo hioideo siendo el mentón, la tercera vértebra cervical y el hueso hioides las estructuras anatómicas utilizadas para el trazado del mismo. Se obtuvieron medidas estándar para cada clase esqueletal. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la medida de H-Rgn entre clase I y II y entre clase II y III (p<0,005). El valor del ángulo del plano hioidal presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre clase I y III y entre clase II y III (p<0,005). Se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres con clase I esqueletal en la medida H-Rgn (p<0,005). Conclusiones: La posición del hueso hioides varía en los diferentes patrones esqueletales. Sin embargo, su posición en relación a la columna cervical presenta menos variabilidad que su relación con la mandíbula